DOCSLIB.ORG

Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Challenges and Solutions in Ethnographic Research: Ethnography with a Twist seeks to rethink ethnography ‘outside the box’ of its previous tradition and to develop ethnographic methods by critically discussing process, ethics, impact and knowl- edge production in ethnographic research. This interdisciplinary edited volume argues for a ‘twist’ that supports openness, courage, and creativity to develop and test innovative and unconventional ways of thinking and doing ethnography. ‘Ethnography with a twist’ means both an intentional aim to conduct ethnographic research with novel approaches and methods but also sensitivity to recognize and creativity to utilize different kinds of ‘twist moments’ that ethnographic research may create for the researcher. This edited volume critically evaluates new and old methodological tools and their ability to engage with questions of power difference. It proposes new collaborative methods that allow for co-production and co-creation of research material as well as shared conceptual work and wider distribution of knowledge. The book will be of use to ethnographers in humanities and social science disciplines including sociology, anthropology and communication studies. Tuuli Lähdesmäki is a Senior Researcher and an Adjunct Professor working at the Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Depart- ment of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Aino-Kaisa Koistinen is a Post-doctoral Researcher working at the Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Ethnography with a Twist Edited by Tuuli La¨hdesma¨ki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇeginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Tuuli La¨hdesma¨ki, Eerika Koskinen- Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Tuuli La¨hdesma¨ki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. With the exception of Introduction and Chapter 1, no part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Introduction and Chapter 1 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial- No Derivatives 3.0 license. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-37688-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-37685-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-35560-8 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by Taylor & Francis Books CONTENTS List of illustrations viii List of contributors x Preface xviii Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Viktorija L.A. Cˇ eginskas and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen Introduction: Ethnography with a twist xx Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto, Tuuli Lähdesmäki and Viktorija L. A. ˇ Ceginskas PART I New collaborative practices in ethnography 1 1 Poly-space: Creating new concepts through reflexive team ethnography 3 ˇ Johanna Turunen, Viktorija L. A. Ceginskas, Sigrid Kaasik- Krogerus, Tuuli Lähdesmäki and Katja Mäkinen 2 Embodied adventures: An experiment on doing and writing multisensory ethnography 21 Eerika Koskinen-Koivisto and Tytti Lehtovaara vi Contents 3 Ramblings: A walk in progress (or the minutes of the International Society of the Imaginary Perambulator) 36 Matthew Cheeseman, Gautam Chakrabarti, Susanne Österlund- Pötzsch, Simon Poole, Dani Schrire, Daniella Seltzer and Matti Tainio PART II Visuality and multi-modality in ethnography 53 4 Participant-induced elicitation in digital environments 55 Riitta Hänninen 5 Ethical challenges of using video for qualitative research and ethnography: State of the art and guidelines 68 Marina Everri, Maxi Heitmayer, Paulius Yamin-Slotkus and Saadi Lahlou 6 Drawing and storycrafting with Estonian children: Sharing experiences of mobility 84 Pihla Maria Siim 7 Sharpening the pencil: A visual journey towards the outlines of drawing as an autoethnographical method 100 Marika Tervahartiala PART III Ethnography of power dynamics in challenging contexts 115 8 Retrospective ethnographies: Twisting moments of researching commemorative practices among volunteers after the refugee arrivals to Europe 2015 117 Marie Sandberg 9 Ethnographic challenges to studying the poor in and from the global South 131 Laura Stark 10 Elite interviewing: The effects of power in interactions. The experiences of a northern woman 146 Lotta Lounasmeri Contents vii PART IV Embodied and affective ethnography 159 11 Memory narrations as a source for historical ethnography and the sensorial-affective experience of migration 161 Marija Dalbello and Catherine McGowan 12 The involuntary ethnographer and an eagerness to know 185 Sofie Strandén-Backa 13 Ethnography, arts production and performance: Meaning making in and for the street 197 Jessica Bradley Ethnographic twists and turns: An alternative epilogue 213 Tom Boellstorff Index 221 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1.1 Part of the forest around the former campground in Camp Westerbork has been cleared for a field of radio telescopes. These telescopes, placed next to the memorial to the camp’s victims, are visible from the site of the former camp, contributing to the bizarre experience of different worlds meeting. Photo: EUROHERIT 10 1.2 The view from the living room in the Franz Liszt Memorial Museum in Budapest. Photo: EUROHERIT. 14 1.3 Johanna at the Voice from the Sea sound installation in Sagres Promontory. Photo: EUROHERIT. 15 2.1 Conference venue. Photo: Tytti Lehtovaara. 26 3.1 Simon’s walk. Photo: Simon Poole. 44 6.1 Drawing by a 9-year-old boy, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 91 6.2 Drawing by an 8-year-old boy, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 93 6.3 Drawing by a 6-year-old girl, 2018. Copyright: Inequalities in Motion. Transnational Families in Estonia and Finland Project. 95 7.1 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 100 List of illustrations ix 7.2 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 104 7.3 Drawing by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 116 7.4 Drawings by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019, layout by Maria Manner. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 110 7.5 Drawings by Marika Tervahartiala, 2019, layout by Maria Manner. Copyright: Marika Tervahartiala. 111 Tables 5.1 Problems and proposed solutions for video research ethics 79 11.1 Summary of the record completeness and file inventory for the corpus 162 11.2 Dates of immigration (N=198) 164 11.3 Age at time of immigration as reported in the interviews 165 11.4 Modalities with codes and descriptions 167 13.1 Data collection across the stages 206 13.2 Data excerpt, conversation in taxi, May 2015 207 CONTRIBUTORS Tom Boellstorff is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Irvine, USA. His research focuses on digital culture, disability, globalization, the history of technology, nationalism, and sexuality. A Fellow of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science, his research has been supported by a range of sources including the National Science Foundation. He is author of The Gay Archipelago: Sexuality and Nation in Indonesia, A Coincidence of Desires: Anthropology, Queer Studies, Indonesia, and Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human. He is coauthor of Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method and coeditor of Data, Now Bigger and Better! His articles have appeared in American Anthropologist, American Ethnologist, Cultural Anthropology, Current Anthro- pology, Annual Review of Anthropology, Games and Culture, International Journal of Communication, Journal of Asian Studies, Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, Journal of Virtual Worlds Research, Ethnos, GLQ, and Media, Culture, and Society. Jessica Bradley is an ethnographer interested in the intersection of language, educa- tion and creative practice. Her doctoral research was part of the UK-based Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project ‘Translation and Translanguaging: Investigating Linguistic and Cultural Transformation in Superdiverse Wards in
Recommended publications
  • Focused Ethnography: a Methodological Adaptation for Social Research in Emerging Contexts

    Focused Ethnography: a Methodological Adaptation for Social Research in Emerging Contexts

    Volume 16, No. 1, Art. 1 January 2015 Focused Ethnography: A Methodological Adaptation for Social Research in Emerging Contexts Sarah Wall Key words: Abstract: Ethnography is one of the oldest qualitative methods, yet increasingly, researchers from focused various disciplines are using and adapting ethnography beyond its original intents. In particular, a ethnography; form of ethnography known as "focused ethnography" has emerged. However, focused ethnography; ethnography remains underspecified methodologically, which has contributed to controversy about methodology; its essential nature and value. Nevertheless, an ever-evolving range of research settings, purposes, participant and questions require appropriate methodological innovation. Using the example of a focused observation; social ethnography conducted to study nurses' work experiences, this article will demonstrate how research particular research questions, the attributes of certain cultural groups, and the unique characteristics of specific researchers compel adaptations in ethnography that address the need for methodological evolution while still preserving the essential nature of the method. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. An Evolving Method 3. An Example of Focused Ethnography 4. Culture Revealed 4.1 Ideas, beliefs, and values 4.2 Knowledge, skills, and activities 4.3 Power and control 5. Discussion References Author Citation 1. Introduction Ethnography is one of the oldest qualitative research methods, originating in nineteenth century anthropology. Yet, researchers from various disciplines are now using and adapting ethnography beyond its origins as a result of philosophical reflections on the processes and purposes of the method. New fields of study, new kinds of questions, and new reasons for undertaking ethnographic studies have emerged, and with these, a form of ethnography known as "focused ethnography" has developed.
  • Peace for Whom: Agency and Intersectionality in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Peace for Whom: Agency and Intersectionality in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Peace for Whom: Agency and Intersectionality in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina By Elena B. Stavrevska Submitted to Central European University Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor Michael Merlingen CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary January 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis contains no materials accepted for any other degrees, in any other situation. Thesis contains no materials written and/or published by any other person, except when appropriate acknowledgement is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Elena B. Stavrevska Budapest, 09.01.2017 CEU eTD Collection i ABSTRACT Both peacebuilding practice and mainstream literature have predominantly approached the examination of post-war societies is a static and unidimensional manner, portraying events, practices, and actors as fixed in space, time, and identity. In line with that approach, peace and reconciliation have often been understood as a mirror image of the preceding war. Consequently, when the conflict is regarded as a clash between different ethnicities, peace is viewed as a state of those ethnicities coming together, which is then reflected in the decision- and policy-making processes. This understanding, using the prism of groupism whereby (ethnic) groups are analysed as the primary societal actors, ascribed with particular characteristics and agency, presupposes homogeneity of the groups in question. In so doing, it disregards the various intra-group struggles and the multiplicity of social identities beyond ethnicity. Furthermore, it also cements ethnicity as the most important, if not the only important political cleavage in the new, post-war reality.
  • SEMANTIC DEMARCATION of the CONCEPTS of ENDONYM and EXONYM PRISPEVEK K POMENSKI RAZMEJITVI TERMINOV ENDONIM in EKSONIM Drago Kladnik

    SEMANTIC DEMARCATION of the CONCEPTS of ENDONYM and EXONYM PRISPEVEK K POMENSKI RAZMEJITVI TERMINOV ENDONIM in EKSONIM Drago Kladnik

    Acta geographica Slovenica, 49-2, 2009, 393–428 SEMANTIC DEMARCATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF ENDONYM AND EXONYM PRISPEVEK K POMENSKI RAZMEJITVI TERMINOV ENDONIM IN EKSONIM Drago Kladnik BLA@ KOMAC Bovec – Flitsch – Plezzo je mesto na zahodu Slovenije. Bovec – Flitsch – Plezzo is a town in western Slovenia. Drago Kladnik, Semantic Demarcation of the Concepts of Endonym and Exonym Semantic Demarcation of the Concepts of Endonym and Exonym DOI: 10.3986/AGS49206 UDC: 81'373.21 COBISS: 1.01 ABSTRACT: This article discusses the delicate relationships when demarcating the concepts of endonym and exonym. In addition to problems connected with the study of transnational names (i.e., names of geographical features extending across the territory of several countries), there are also problems in eth- nically mixed areas. These are examined in greater detail in the case of place names in Slovenia and neighboring countries. On the one hand, this raises the question of the nature of endonyms on the territory of Slovenia in the languages of officially recognized minorities and their respective linguistic communities, and their relationship to exonyms in the languages of neighboring countries. On the other hand, it also raises the issue of Slovenian exonyms for place names in neighboring countries and their relationship to the nature of Slovenian endonyms on their territories. At a certain point, these dimensions intertwine, and it is there that the demarcation between the concepts of endonym and exonym is most difficult and problematic. KEY WORDS: geography, geographical names, endonym, exonym, exonimization, geography, linguistics, terminology, ethnically mixed areas, Slovenia The article was submitted for publication on May 4, 2009.
  • Critical Ethnography for School and Community

    Critical Ethnography for School and Community

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Federation ResearchOnline CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RENEWAL AROUND SOCIAL CLASS DIFFERENCES AFFECTING LEARNING John Smyth, Lawrence Angus, Barry Down, Peter McInerney Understanding and exploring complex and protracted social questions requires sophisticated investigative approaches. In this article we intend looking at a research approach capable of providing a better understanding of what is going on in schools, students and communities in “exceptionally challenging contexts” (Harris et al., 2006)—code for schools and communities that have as a result of wider social forces, been historically placed in situations of disadvantage. Ball (2006) summarized neatly the urgent necessity for research approaches that are theoretically tuned into being able to explore and explain what Bourdieu, Chamboredon & Passeron (1991) describe as a world that is “complicated, confused, impure [and] uncertain” (p. 259). Ball’s (2006) claim is for a research approach with the “conceptual robustness” to move us beyond the moribund situation we currently find ourselves in. As he put it: “Much of what passes for educational research is hasty, presumptive, and immodest” (p.9). What is desperately needed are theoretically adroit research approaches capable of “challenging conservative orthodoxies and closure, parsimony, and simplicity”, that retain “some sense of the obduracy and complexity of the social”, and that don’t continually “overestimate our grasp on the social world and underestimate our role in its management” (p. 9). Our particular interest here is in research orientations that are up to the task of uncovering what we know to be something extremely complex and controversial going on in schools, namely how it is that schools work in ways in which “class is achieved and maintained and enacted rather than something that just is! (Ball, 2006, p.
  • Shadows in the Field Second Edition This Page Intentionally Left Blank Shadows in the Field

    Shadows in the Field Second Edition This Page Intentionally Left Blank Shadows in the Field

    Shadows in the Field Second Edition This page intentionally left blank Shadows in the Field New Perspectives for Fieldwork in Ethnomusicology Second Edition Edited by Gregory Barz & Timothy J. Cooley 1 2008 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2008 by Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shadows in the field : new perspectives for fieldwork in ethnomusicology / edited by Gregory Barz & Timothy J. Cooley. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-532495-2; 978-0-19-532496-9 (pbk.) 1. Ethnomusicology—Fieldwork. I. Barz, Gregory F., 1960– II. Cooley, Timothy J., 1962– ML3799.S5 2008 780.89—dc22 2008023530 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper bruno nettl Foreword Fieldworker’s Progress Shadows in the Field, in its first edition a varied collection of interesting, insightful essays about fieldwork, has now been significantly expanded and revised, becoming the first comprehensive book about fieldwork in ethnomusicology.
  • Mongolian University Students’ Subjectivities

    Mongolian University Students’ Subjectivities

    ‘Do You Ride Horses?’: Discursive Constructions of Chinese Minority ‘Mongolian University Students’ Subjectivities Yongxia Zhang Bachelor of Economics Master of Literature The thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Newcastle June 2014 Statement of Originality The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Signed___ __________Date June 26, 2014________________ i Acknowledgements This thesis would have been impossible without the constant guidance, support and encouragement from various people to whom I owe my respect and gratitude. Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. ZSuzsa Millei and Dr. Eva Bendix Petersen at Newcastle University, who provided me their committed academic expertise, valuable feedback and continued encouragement. I feel profoundly fortunate to have them as my supervisors over the years. I am very grateful for their productive and continued support for me and my work. They are always available whenever I had issues to discuss. I am also very grateful to Professor Jim Albright for his intelligence, experienced guidance and generous help in my thesis writing.
  • Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: a Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China

    Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: a Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China

    Department of Linguistics Faculty of Human Sciences Social Reproduction and Migrant Education: A Critical Sociolinguistic Ethnography of Burmese Students’ Learning Experiences at a Border High School in China By Jia Li (李佳) This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 i Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ viii Statement of Candidate ................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xvi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xvii List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................xviii Glossary of Burmese and Chinese terms ..................................................................... xix Chapter One: Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Research problem ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Introducing the research context at the China-and-Myanmar border ................... 4 1.3 China’s rise and Chinese language
  • The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: a Multilevel Process Theory1

    The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: a Multilevel Process Theory1

    The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory1 Andreas Wimmer University of California, Los Angeles Primordialist and constructivist authors have debated the nature of ethnicity “as such” and therefore failed to explain why its charac- teristics vary so dramatically across cases, displaying different de- grees of social closure, political salience, cultural distinctiveness, and historical stability. The author introduces a multilevel process theory to understand how these characteristics are generated and trans- formed over time. The theory assumes that ethnic boundaries are the outcome of the classificatory struggles and negotiations between actors situated in a social field. Three characteristics of a field—the institutional order, distribution of power, and political networks— determine which actors will adopt which strategy of ethnic boundary making. The author then discusses the conditions under which these negotiations will lead to a shared understanding of the location and meaning of boundaries. The nature of this consensus explains the particular characteristics of an ethnic boundary. A final section iden- tifies endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of change. TOWARD A COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY OF ETHNIC BOUNDARIES Beyond Constructivism The comparative study of ethnicity rests firmly on the ground established by Fredrik Barth (1969b) in his well-known introduction to a collection 1 Various versions of this article were presented at UCLA’s Department of Sociology, the Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies of the University of Osnabru¨ ck, Harvard’s Center for European Studies, the Center for Comparative Re- search of Yale University, the Association for the Study of Ethnicity at the London School of Economics, the Center for Ethnicity and Citizenship of the University of Bristol, the Department of Political Science and International Relations of University College Dublin, and the Department of Sociology of the University of Go¨ttingen.
  • Deleuze's “Event” As Method for Critical Ethnography

    Deleuze's “Event” As Method for Critical Ethnography

    ______________________________________________________________________________ Toward a Methodology of Death: Deleuze’s “Event” as Method for Critical Ethnography ______________________________________________________________________________ Sophia Rodriguez, College of Charleston Abstract This article examines how qualitative researchers, specifically ethnographers, might uti- lize complex philosophical concepts in order to disrupt the normative truth-telling prac- tices embedded in social science research. Drawing on my own research experiences, I move toward a methodology of death (for researcher/researched alike) grounded in Deleuze’s philosophy-as-method and his concept of event. I approach ethnographic re- search with this concept in mind in order to unpack the experiences of Latino immigrant youth activism during a critical ethnography in Chicago. I suggest that new ways of think- ing with Deleuze in qualitative inquiry might offer a breakthrough/breakdown and death of systems of thought that position research subjects in limiting ways, ultimately arguing that Deleuzian “event” offers the possibility for the birth of new selves. Keywords: Deleuze, youth identity, urban education, poststructuralist critical ethnography We were arrested. The handcuffs felt tight on our wrists. We claimed that space. I do activist things even though I’m nothing. –Youth Activists, Amelia and Penny Introduction Koro-Ljungberg, Carlson, Tesar, and Anderson (2014) recently argued, “philosophy as method is an engagement, an ethical relationship with thought. Philosophy as a method brings theory into the practice and ontologies into the research processes” (p. 5). This ethical dimension of philoso- phy is also documented in ethnography. For instance, Stich, Cipollone, Nikischer and Weis (2012) claim, “qualitative research, ethnography in particular, is deeply personal” (p. 463). The deeply personal aspects of qualitative inquiry, and ethnography specifically, raise philosophical questions of method that are the “conceptual epicenter” of research (Smagorinsky, 2008).
  • Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin, and Congregational Informal Support Networks

    Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin, and Congregational Informal Support Networks

    ROBERT JOSEPH TAYLOR University of Michigan ∗ LINDA M. CHATTERS University of Michigan ∗∗ AMANDA TOLER WOODWARD Michigan State University ∗∗∗ EDNA BROWN University of Connecticut Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin, and Congregational Informal Support Networks This study examined differences in kin and Black Caribbeans had larger fictive kin networks nonkin networks among African Americans, than non-Hispanic Whites, but non-Hispanic Caribbean Blacks (Black Caribbeans), and non- Whites with fictive kin received support from Hispanic Whites. Data are taken from the them more frequently than African Americans National Survey of American Life, a nation- and Black Caribbeans. The discussion notes ally representative study of African Americans, the importance of examining kin and nonkin net- Black Caribbeans, and non-Hispanic Whites. works, as well as investigating ethnic differences Selected measures of informal support from within the Black American population. family, friendship, fictive kin, and congregation/ church networks were utilized. African Ameri- Involvement with kin and nonkin is an cans were more involved in congregation net- essential component of daily life for the vast works, whereas non-Hispanic Whites were more majority of Americans. Family and friendship involved in friendship networks. African Ameri- support networks are important for coping cans were more likely to give support to extended with the ongoing stresses of daily life (e.g., family members and to have daily interaction Benin & Keith, 1995), providing a place to with family members. African Americans and live when confronting homelessness (Taylor, Chatters, & Celious, 2003), and in coping with physical and mental health problems School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann (Cohen, Underwood, & Gottlieb, 2000; Lincoln, Arbor, MI 48109-1106 ([email protected]).
  • Digital-Visual Stakeholder Ethnography Sarah Pink, Kerstin

    Digital-Visual Stakeholder Ethnography Sarah Pink, Kerstin

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Digital-Visual Stakeholder Ethnography Sarah Pink, Kerstin Leder Mackley, Nadia Astari and John Postill Abstract In this article we discuss how new configurations of stakeholders are implicated and can be conceptualised in digital-visual applied and public ethnography. We set the discussion in the context of the increasing calls for researchers to have impact in the world, and the ways that digital technologies are increasingly implicated in this. In doing so we situate ethnographic practice and stakeholder relationships within a digital-material world. To develop our argument we discuss examples of two recent digital video ethnography projects, developed in dialogue with anthropological theory, with online digital-visual applied and public dissemination outputs. As we show, such projects do not necessarily have one direct applied line, but rather can have multiple impacts across different groups of stakeholders. Keywords Digital ethnography; visual ethnography; applied practice; stakeholders in research; environmental sustainability; impact. Introduction In a context of ‘digital materiality’, whereby the digital and material can no longer be seen as separate elements of our everyday environments and practice (Pink, Ardevol and Lanzeni 2016) new forms of applied and public scholarship and practice are emerging. On the one hand, there are calls for academic researchers to have impact in the world, and on the other the possibilities of digital and visual technologies for ethnographic practice. We argue that attention to these shifts offers new possibilities for how we can understand and activate potential forms of impact for and with stakeholders, through new interdisciplinary theory-practice interfaces.
  • Nation-Building and Ethnicity1

    Nation-Building and Ethnicity1

    Nation-Building and Ethnicity1 There are many terms for defining human groups: they emerged in various societies with different histories and cultural traditions at different times. The meanings of these terms became more confused when they were translated into different languages. In English, there are terms to describe human groups such as “race,” “tribe,” “clan,” “nation,” “people,” “country,” “state,” etc2. Compared with these terms, “ethnic group” and “ethnicity” only appeared recently in the 20th century (Glazer and Moynihan, 1975: 1). These terms emerged in west Europe, the countries initiating the industrial revolution, then were introduced into other parts of the world accompanied by the western merchants, priests, and armies. These Europeans introduced their political and social systems as well as their ideology and values to other people by cultural influence or military force. “Nation-state” was the form of political entity first appearing in Western Europe, then adopted by colonies when they sought independence. “Nation” became an important term in international politics. “Nation-building” became a widespread political process among Asian, African and American countries, together with the powerful “nationalist” movement. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were about 200 independent countries around the world that were recognized by the international society (the United Nations). An important phenomenon is that political boundaries have not always been drawn according to human group inhabitance but often, oppositely, have been affected by wars, treaties, and international powers. Therefore, there are many different human groups living in the same countries; populations originally from the same group now living on both sides of a boundary.