This is the pre-final version of a paper published in Lingua 119 (2009) 445-459. Please don’t quote without checking the published version before. Uncommon patterns of core term marking and case terminology Denis Creissels Laboratoire Dynamique du Language, ISH, 14 avenue Berthelot 69363 Lyon cedex 07, France E-mail address:
[email protected] Abstract Two majors patterns of core term marking are found cross-linguistically: an accusative pattern in which P is the only core syntactic role marked by a case form distinct from the quotation form of nouns or by an adposition, and an ergative pattern in which A is the only core syntactic role marked by a case form distinct from the quotation form of nouns or by an adposition. Current case terminology is adapted to the description of systems consistently following one of these two patterns, but is difficult to extend to core term marking systems characterized by alignment variations. Moreover, several minor patterns are attested, characterized by a wider use of marked case forms or adpositions, and current terminology fails to provide convenient labels for case forms or adpositions occurring in such patterns. It is argued that: (a) in languages in which nouns are inflected for case, the case form coinciding with the quotation form of nouns should be labeled in a uniform way, irrespective of the uses it may have in syntactic constructions; (b) new labels should be coined for marked case forms or adpositions used in S/A or S/P role. Keywords: Case marking; Alignment; Markedness; Nominative; Absolutive; Accusative; Ergative; Marked nominative Abbreviations: ACC, accusative; ANTIACC, antiaccusative (see Section 9.2); ANTIERG, antiergative (see Section 9.2); AOR, aorist; DEF, definite; DEM, demonstrative; DAT, dative; ERG, ergative; F, feminine; GEN, genitive; IPFV, imperfective; M, masculine; N, neuter; NEG, negation; OBL, oblique case; PFV, perfective; PL, plural; POSS, possessive; PRS, present; PST, past; SG, singular; TAM, tense-aspect-modality marker.