Sustainable Cities in Japan
INDEX 03-04 National Land Sustainability Plan
05-26 Sustainable Cities in Japan 05-08 Biodiesel Project : Kyoto City 09-12 Fukuoka Method : Fukuoka City 13-14 Conquering Pollution : Kitakyushu City 15-16 Making Partnerships : Iida City 17-20 Creating An Eco-Industrial Hub City : Muroran City 21-24 Sustainable Urban Development and Education : Tahara City 25-26 Preservation of Landscapes : Omihachiman City 27-30 Japan and UN-HABITAT 27-28 Partnerships between Japan and UN-HABITAT 29-30 Partnerships with UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office INTRODUCTION 17-20
MURORAN CITY Welcome to the exhibition of Japan at World Urban Forum III. It is our pleasure that 25-26 practical efforts made in Japan to realize sustainable cities are introduced to people around the world. OMIHACHIMAN CITY The government of Japan is currently formulating the National Land Sustainability Plan. Discussions are being held to reflect the concept of sustainability not only in city development but also in preservation of the entire national territory, including rural areas, forests, and oceans. We are proud to present progressive activities implemented in cities of Japan. 15-16 Sustainable development is a global-scale challenge. To address this challenge, cities around the world must collaboratively take action. Kyoto City, which hosted the Third Session of the 09-12 IIDA CITY Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in FUKUOKA CITY 1997, has taken positive measures to prevent global warming. Fukuoka City has been active in promoting the worldwide use of its waste treatment technologies. It is well known that Japan has achieved spectacular economic growth. In the course of that process, however, Japan also experienced serious pollution problems. Kitakyushu City was among the cities that suffered such problems at that time. Kitakyushu City overcame these pollution problems through concerted efforts with enterprises and citizens. 21-24 TOKYO For city development, it is important to establish partnerships among local governments, TAHARA CITY residents, enterprises, educational/research institutes and NPOs. Muroran City works on the promotion of the environmentally-friendly industry through academia-industry-government collaboration . In Iida City, citizens have taken initiatives in building autonomous communities. The common goal of sustainable development is to pass on a better world to our future generation in an appropriate manner. To this end, we believe that it is important to impart this concept to younger people who will take the lead in the next generation. Tahara City is committed to promoting education regarding environmentally-friendly energies. Japan has a history and tradition to be proud of. We believe that valuing historic townscapes 05-08 and traditional cultures are essential to create a sustainable city. In Omihachiman City, citizens are working together to preserve historic townscapes. KYOTO CITY We are proud to introduce partnerships between Japan and UN-HABITAT. Japan has supported the activities of UN-HABITAT since its inception. The UN-HABITAT Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific is located in Fukuoka City, exemplifying the partnerships that the 13-14 prefecture and the city of Fukuoka as well as citizens have established with UN-HABITAT. KITAKYUSHU CITY
National and Regional Planning Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of JAPAN MURORAN/ Sustainable Cities in Japan KYOTO/FUKUOKA/KITAKYUSHU/IIDA/ TAHARA/OMIHACHIMAN KYŌTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA GOVERNMENT
National and Regional Planning Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of JAPAN National Land Sustainability Plan
Building a vision through collaboration between national and local National Land 2.governments Another characteristic of the reform is decentralization. of the central government. The Comprehensive National Development Plan comprises The newly introduced Wide-area Regional Plan is only the National Plan whereas the new National Land formulated through mutual collaboration and cooperation Sustainability Plan Sustainability Plan has a dual structure consisting of the of central and prefectural governments by organizing National Plan and the Wide-area Regional Plan. opportunities to hold discussions on an equal footing. From quantitative developmnet to sustainability The National Plan clarifies the future vision for national This enables local governments to develop each regions, land and people’s lives, and makes explicit the responsibility respecting their autonomy and independence. 1.Shift from emphasis on development National Land Sustainability Plan Japan has formulated national and regional plans, which no longer meets the needs of the times. In addition, pressing are long-term, comprehensive and spatial plans to show issues are emerging, such as expansion of areas where National Plan Wide-area Regional Plan the ideal state of territory that is comprised of land, water, maintaining the local community is becoming difficult, rapid nature, social infrastructures, industry accumulation, culture, devastation of farmlands and forests and unutilized existing Each block consisting of several The central government clarifies human resources and others. stock. From an international perspective, the East Asian prefectures formulates plans In the past, Japan’s national and regional planning was economic bloc is growing rapidly so that close collaboration what national land and through cooperation between centered around the Comprehensive National Development with East Asian countries is crucial. people’s lives should be. + Plan, based on the Comprehensive National Land Development Therefore, the Government of Japan drastically reviewed the central and local governments. Act (1950). the past national and regional planning systems. Consequently, Starting from its first formulation in 1962, the the Ministry decided to revise the Comprehensive National Comprehensive National Development Plan has been Land Development Act to the National Land Sustainability formulated five time. The Plan has proposed the basic Planning Act, and to replace the Comprehensive National Japan’s autonomy system policies to address various problems confronting Japan Development Plan with the National Land Sustainability Plan, in each era. These problems include overpopulation in which projects the vision of our mature society. Japan has a two-tier local government system comprising prefectures and metropolitan areas and depopulation in rural areas. The Plan The National Land Sustainability Plan is comprised of the municipalities. Administratively, Japan is divided into 47 prefectures. Prefectures has produced positive results such as regional dispersion National Plan and the Wide-area Regional Plan. Currently, are further divided into municipalities which consist of cities, towns, and villages. of production facilities, and reduction of income disparities discussions are under way with the view of establishing the As of April 2006, the total number of municipalities throughout Japan is 1,820. between regions. former by mid-2007, and the latter by mid-2008. However, facing declining population of our country, the Comprehensive National Development Plan, which was a development-oriented plan aimed at quantitative expansion,
Formation of national land that Comprehensive enables local National communities to develop Development Qualitative autonomously Plan improvements of national land Safety, security including landscape �������������� and stability in photo by the MAINICHI NEWSPAPERS 47 prefectures in Japan and ������������������� people’s lives environmental Development- aspects oriented plan Plan suitable for JAPAN aimed at a mature quantitative society Japan is an island country forming an arc in the latitudes somewhat to the north of the northern tip of expansion Pacific Ocean to the east of the Asian continent. The land Hokkaido. Utilization and Ocean utilization comprises four large islands named (in decreasing order Japan's total land area is about 378,000 square conservation of and international limited resources cooperation of size) Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, together kilometers. It is thus approximately the same size as with many smaller islands. The Pacific Ocean lies to Germany, Finland, Vietnam or Malaysia. It is only 1/25 the the east while the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea size of the United States and is smaller than the state of Effective use of separate Japan from the Asian continent. California. existing stock In terms of latitude, Japan coincides approximately with the Mediterranean Sea and with the city of Los Angeles in North America. Paris and London have
03 GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT 04 GOVERNMENT FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA KYOTO
Population:1,470,593 Biodiesel Project EX.1 2 EX.1 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:827.9km Sustainable Cities in Japan
���������� History of approaches to KYOTO CITY ������������� ���������� �������� ���������� biodiesel fuel production project july 1996: Discussion about legal compliance started with relevant agencies. �������� �������� �������� �������� October:Long-term travel test conducted for six months using four vehicles for separately collecting waste bottles and cans. January 1997: Influence on vehicles investigated.Exhaust ���������� ���������� ���������� �������������� gas investigated in detail (until March 1997). ������������� Since no problems regarding safety and the Biodiesel Project �������� �������� �������� environment were found, activities were enhanced toward full-scale implementation. March:Exhaus t gas measurement of 6-modeperformed by the Japan Automobile Transport Technology �������� Kyoto City’s initiatives to prevent global warming �������� Association. It was recognized that all contents of CO, HC, NOx, etc., satisfy the restricted values. and to create a recycling-oriented society June:One-month travel test conducted using Quality standard of biodiesel fuel 21 waste collecting vehicles of all Town Kyoto City developed the preliminary standard(Kyoto Landscaping Offices. Standard)in order to secure high quality biodiesel fuel August:Model tests for collecting household waste edible oil started.Collecting area expanded applicable to newly commercialized vehicles based on step by step. findings obtained from actual vehicle travel tests, as well September: Discussed the light oil inward tax with Kyoto as basic information on typical standards for biodiesel fuel Prefecture. It was verified that the fuel councils, regional women's associations or volunteers in established in Europe and the United States. In particular, contains no hydrocarbon.It was decided that Approaches to biodiesel fuel every region in partnership with citizens. We will enhance we defined the values for the pouring and clogging points use of 100% biodiesel fuel is free of duty. linkages among citizens, companies, and the municiparlity to affected by low temperature in winter, using the lowest October:Final discussion about automobile inspection production project certificates with Ministry of Transportation. aim for an increase in recovery points. temperature in Kyoto. In order to prevent global warming and to create a "Automobile Inspection Implementation Standards for biodiesel fuel Value for reference recycling society, Kyoto City is recovering waste edible oil
05 KYOTO KYOTO 06 GOVERNMENT FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA KYOTO
EX.1 EX.1 Sustainable Cities in Japan Kyoto City Sustainable Cities in Japan
April 2000 – [Requests to the national government] Recycling of waste edible oil to Biodiesel fuel began to be used for about 95 city buses Biodiesel project’s five effects and biodiesel fuel contributes to: belonging to Yoko-oji Branch Office that run on 20% biodiesel Development of systems to establish the regional benefits blended with 80% light oil. resource recycling system through the Biodiesel Project [Global warming prevention thanks to reducation May 2006 - 1) Establishment of quality standards to stabilize the quality of fossil fuel consumption] Kyoto City sterted to operate two city buses that run on 100% of biodiesel fuel and to promote the development of 1.Recycling of used cooking oil Application of biodiesel fuel originating from organisms biodiesel fuel. Annual amount of biodiesel fuel used in Kyoto biodiesel-compatible vehicles eliminates carbon dioxide emissions caused by fossil fuel City: 1,500,000 liters 2) Establishment of systems to support the recycling of used combustion and significantly contributes to the prevention of Production of biodiesel fuel cooking oil into fuel Reduction of CO2 emissions Approx. global warming by using the fuel as an alternative to light oil, ● Financial support for the collection of used cooking oil in 2.4,000 tons/year a type of fossil fuel. [Outline of facility] local communities and for the development of its recycling facilities [Environment friendly low public hazard fuel] One of Japan’s largest facili- Biodiesel fuel is a low public hazard and one that greatly ties established by municipalities ● Tax breaks and other advantage in relation to the use of Purification of exhaust gas Reduction reduces black smoke contained in automobile exhaust gas ● Production capability: 5,000 biodiesel fuel 3.of SOx to 1/100 or lower and produces very little sulfur oxides that may generate acid liters/day (1,500,000 liters/year) [Measures by relevant Ministries and rain. ● The facility began full-scale [Promotion of recycling society creation] operations in June 2004. Agencies] ● Total construction cost: approx. 750 million yen Approaches to expand the cycle of waste edible oil Japan’s Biomass Strategy decided by the Cabinet 4.Hands-on environmental education recovery and to reutilize it as fuel in partnership with citizens, [Features of the facility] Meeting, Government of Japan (December 2002) ● Examinations aimed at fuel quality standardization (Ministry companies, and the municipality promote human exchange This facility has high level functions satisfying the of Economy, Trade and Industry) (since FY2003) and vitalize local activities essential for creating a recycling preliminary standard of biodiesel fuel quality developed by ● Examinations towards the development of biodiesel- society. Kyoto City as well as the following features about production Revitalization of local communities compatible vehicles (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and 5. scale and safety measures. Transport) (since FY2004) Utilization of biodiesel fuel It has a high-level function capable of removing the ● Launching the Biomass Frontier Promotion Project and maximum amount of impurities in the production KYOTO CITY November 1997 – 1. other programs (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and method of the three-tank construction and eight processes. Biodiesel fuel began to be used for about 220 garbage Fisheries) (since FY2003) (1)Two-stage reaction using an alkali catalyst contributes Kyoto, originated from the ancient capital, collection trucks that run on 100% biodiesel fuel ● Examinations on the safety of fuel supply equipment to higher efficiency. Moreover, the creaning and the Heiankyo founded in 794, is one of leading (Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of depressurized evaporation process using warm water are Japanese metropolises, in harmony between lives Internal Affairs and Communications) (since FY2004) used to refine raw materials to produce high-quality biodiesel of 1,470,000 Kyoto peoples and natures as well fuel. [Financial support] as cultures fostered through its eternal history. (2)After production of biodiesel oil, the remaining methanol Also, it is a rare city with natures subject to four ● FY2002: Subsidies for regional structural reform projects to that has been used as raw material is recovered for reuse. seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, prevent global warming (10,890 thousand yen) (Ministry of where people can closely feel traditional cultures Equipment for mixing biodiesel oil with light oil to use it Environment) and arts created and enjoy those in dept. as fuel for municipal buses . 2. ● FY2003: Subsidies for projects to reduce CO2 emissions Meanwhile, Kyoto is used to continuously (259,392 thousand yen) (Ministry of the Environment) develop new cultures and industries through its Almost all refinery processes are automated . : Subsidy for the implementation of the Biomass Frontier active character and spirit of reform, although 3. Promotion Project (5,964 thousand yen) (Ministry of it follows the excellent traditions and cultures Electrical devices for fire prevention, gas detectors, and Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) created by the ancestors. oxygen densitometers are installed in the production 4. ● FY2004: Subsidy for the implementation of the Biomass building in order to sufficiently take safety into Frontier Promotion Project (5,978 thousand yen) (Ministry considerration. of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) [Biodiesel project technical [Efforts to promote the use review committee](since FY2001) of biodiesel throughout Japan] ● Establishment of provisional standards for biodiesel fuel ● Formation of the Study Group on the Effective Use of quality (Kyoto Standards) Biodiesel Fuel (March 2004) ● Examinations are made as to appropriate technical ● The 1st Forum to Promote the Use of Biodiesel Fuel by measures to be taken in various processes from material Municipalities (Kyoto International Community House, procurement through fuel production to its use for vehicles, October 2004) and instructions are issued according to the necessity. ● The 2nd Forum to Promote the Use of Biodiesel Fuel ● FY2004 by Municipalities (Kyoto International Conference Hall, Received the Environment Minister’s Award for Anti-Global February 2006) Warming Activities
07 KYOTO KYOTO 08 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA
Population:1,401,212 EX.2 2 EX.2 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:340.6km Fukuoka Method Sustainable Cities in Japan
FUKUOKA CITY Fukuoka Method landfill generates less Fukuoka Method promotes decom- 1. polluted leachate 3. position / stabilization of waste In the Fukuoka Method landfill, stabilization of landfills Advantages of the Fukuoka is enhanced by making it possible to use the completed Method landfill sites for other purposes in a shorter period. The effective utilization of completed landfill sites has Fig.2 shows the change of BOD concentration in been practiced in Fukuoka City. leachate, which was, generated from the on-site scale experiments. From this graph, the quality of leachate Fig.3 After use of the completed Landfill in Fukuoka Method Fukuoka improves significantly and more rapidly in semi-aerobic landfill (Fukuoka Method) than anaerobic landfill. Fukuoka Method provides an affordable This offers considerable advantage in doing secondary treatments of leachate. solution to upgrade open-dumping sites Fig.2 Landfill type and change in leachate BOD over time
Why talk about municipal solid better understanding of waste degradation process. waste landfill? The Fukuoka Method landfill is simple to construct: perforated pipes (leachate collection pipes) embedded in It is a well-established fact that the world is urbanizing pebbles and graded boulders are laid at the bottom of the rapidly. Much of this growth is taking place in developing landfill in order to drain out leachate as quickly as possible, countries. As per the UN estimates, Less Developed preventing it from stagnating in the waste material. In regions accounted for 78% of the world’s increase in urban addition, series of vertical gas venting pipes connected to population between 1950 and 2000. This trend will continue the horizontal pipes form a network that allows fresh air to but with a greater vigor. By 2030 almost 80% of the world's circulate through the waste by convection. urban population of 5 billion would be living in developing Heat generated by microbial activity in the landfilled Fukuoka Method landfill generates countries. waste layers causes the temperature inside the landfill to less harmful gases, such as Methane, The rapid urbanization in developing countries is rise. Air convection generated by the temperature difference hastening the growth of existing cities as well as the 2.Hydrogen Sulfide. between the inside and the outside of the landfill makes it Fukuoka Method allows a high degree emergence of new ones. The speed is so great that many possible for air (oxygen) to enter the waste layers through of freedom in the selection of materials cities are finding it difficult to manage the growth. As a the leachate collection pipes. This phenomenon promotes In the Fukuoka Method landfill, the generation of result basic urban services are lagging behind. Facility methane gas is reduced, thus contributing to the prevention 4. aerobic condition in waste layers and causes a rapid like municipal waste landfill seldom receives the priority it microbial decomposition of waste and purifies the leachate. of global warming. The technology is cost-effective and simple to construct deserves, partly because located away from the main cities, Under anaerobic conditions, decomposition of reclaimed and operate, and allows a high degree of freedom in the landfills seldom draw public interest. Unfortunately, problems Fig.1 Fukuoka Method: A diagrammatic view waste will take quite a long time, so that the generation selection of materials for pipes and accessories. of methane gas will continue even after the completion of do not go away simply because we do not see them. Fig.4 Wasted tires are used as leachate Environmental consequences of open dumping are well landfill work. collection pipes documented and well-known. With the expected increase in the urban population and the number of cities, the problem Table.1 Landfill Types and the generation ratio of gases by volume. will magnify. Municipalities often cite lack of money and lack of know-how as the two main reasons for their inability to Landfill type 2 4 adopt an environmentally responsible landfill method. The CO CH Fukuoka Method, developed in the city of Fukuoka in Japan, might provide an answer to this problem. What’s the Fukuoka Method? An aerobic Landfill 50 50 The Fukuoka Method landfill is a semi-aerobic landfill researched and developed in Fukuoka City some 40 years ago. Today some 70% of the cities in Japan have adopted Fukuoka Method 80 20 this method. It is simple to construct and operate, allowing municipalities to add more “technology” as they acquire a
09 FUKUOKA FUKUOKA 10 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OUMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA
EX.2 EX.2 Sustainable Cities in Japan Fukuoka City Sustainable Cities in Japan Case Study 1: Malaysia request of UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office, Fukuoka City and After Fig.11 After improvement (2003) Fukuoka University provided technical expertise on the Researchers tested the activated carbon absorption subject. Before Fig.5 Before improvement (1988) treatment of leachate by using the wasted activated carbon. Fig.13 Practical on-site training in Nepal (See Fig.8) (2005) Fig.8 Activated carbon absorption treatment
An open dump site was upgraded to a sanitary landfill using Fukuoka Method in Samoa in 2003. Fig.11 shows the same landfill in 2003. Scool kids are studying solid waste After Fig.6 After improvement (1996) management at the site. Case Study 3: Weifang in Shandong Province, China Fig.9 shows the comparison of leachate color. From the right, sample leachate, aerated leachate and activated UN-HABITAT promotes technical cooperation, including FUKUOKA CITY carbon absorption treated water. Their trial was successful. technology transfer, across the globe on the principle of Fig.9 Treated leachate color informed choice. The UN-HABITAT Regional Office for Asia The Asian-Pacific region is drawing global and the pacific (ROAP) and Fukuoka City of Japan have been attention for its remarkable economic growth. collaborating in introducing a particular type of landfill design This rapid economic expansion has, how- and operation, commonly known as the Fukuoka Method ever, also aggravated urban problems associated since 1998. Collaborative partnership between UN-HABITAT with a massive influx of new residents. Fukuoka Office, Fukuoka City and Fukuoka University has Fukuoka City has been promoting friendship made significant contribution in realizing Fukuoka Method and mutual cooperation in Asian-Pacific region Landfill in Weifang, China. toward solution of urban problems and network- Transfer of the Fukuoka Method was successfully Fig.12 Fukuoka Method Landfill in Weifang, building for further development of Asian cities. implemented in Seberang Perai Municipal Council in China Fukuoka has announced its bid for hosting Malaysia. One of the important points is that the locally the 2016 Olympics Games. Taking advantage available resources were used as much as possible for the of the past exchange activities with other Asian improvement work. Flexible ideas brought surprisingly good cities, Fukuoka aims to host the Olympics, results. providing dreams, hopes and inspiration to the Fig.7 photo shows the installation of main and several children around the globe and bridging Asia with branch leachate collection pipes. The main pipe is made of the rest of the world. concrete and the branch pipes are made of bamboo. Bamboo was utilized for the pipes because it was easy Case Study 2: Samoa to obtain and not expensive in Malaysia. Fig.7 Bamboo leachate collection pipes Fig.10 Before improvement (2002) Before
Case Study 4: Workshop in Kathmandu, Nepal
His Majesty’s Government of Nepal, Ministries of Physical Planning & Works, Municipal Association of Nepal, and UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office co-organized a workshop on the Fukuoka Method landfill design and operation in Kathmandu, Nepal from 5 to 7 December 2005. At the
11 FUKUOKA FUKUOKA 12 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU
Population:988,782 EX.3 2 Conquering Pollution EX.3 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:488km Sustainable Cities in Japan KITAKYUSHU CITY Lessons learned from overcoming pollution problems Private enterprises actively undertook measures to [Driving forces in overcoming pollution: counter pollution, including improving production processes, Urban renewal through partnership] installing pollutant removal and treatment facilities, and marking greater greenery provision in plants. In order to overcome its grave pollution probrems, While implementing these actions, they the City of Kitakyushu was the first among local authori- Initiatives by acquired not only end-of-pipe technologies ties to implement pollution countermeasures. such as effluent and emission treatment The local community partnership that Private Enterprises but also introduced technology to promote was built up through the process of overco- pollution control through the improvement Conquering Pollution ming pollution is still very much of manufacturing facilities and processes and alive in today's town plan- the efficient use of resources and energy(low Lessons learned from ning and local environ- pollution production technology=cleaner mental improvenment ������������� production). Not only did cleaner production activities. overcoming pollution problems Initiatives by ������������� improve the environment but it also resulted in Furthermore, the the economic benefit of raised procuctivity. partnership is highly app- Residents ����������� raised internationally as a Reduction in Power Consumption The light and dark side of Japan's Water pollution model of environmental im- In addition to being a semi-closed water system, Dokai Bay provement. modernization was subject to the discharge of untreated wastewater from Initiatives by ① ② [Industrial Prosperity] factories as well as domestic Fig.3 The first to speak up about pollution Local Since the opening of the government-operated Yawata effluent. Pollution thus became problems were mothers who formed a citizens'movement ① Moving lights bulbs closer to places of work Government 20% increase in brightness Steel Works in 1901, the Kitakyushu region developed as extremely serious, and a survey because they were concerned about their children's in 1966 found the dissolved Changing external windows from opaque plastic an area of heavy and chemical industries. With the use health. Under the slogan"We want our blue skies back", ② okygen level of Dokai Bay to be the mothers took their own initiatives to monitor air to transparent glass of iron ore from China and abundantly available coal from 0mg/ℓ and the chemical oxygen pollution and used the results to lobby private companies 30 to 40% increase in brightness the Chikuho coal mines, the demand(COD)to be 36mg/ℓ. and the government to implement improvement measures. Introduction of Cleaner Production Effecient use of heavy and chemical industries Dokai Bay was referred to as the *Evaluation and improvement for the use of raw materials. Resources and *Improvement of manufacturing processes, and through maintenance. energyRaised Productivity developed rapidly backed by "Sea of Death", where even e-Coli *Capacity building. could not survive. + the Japanese government Fig.2 Dissolved boat screw Improvement of the policies of the 1950s. The City KITAKYUSHU CITY Environment of Kitakyushu became one [Conquering pollution] Kitakyushu City was born in February 1963 of the four leading industrial through the merger of five cities, all having long The citizens,the local goverment,and the industrial histories. Such a merger of five municipalities on an zones of Japan. sector have all joined forces to combat this damage to our equal basis was unprecedented in the history of the Fig.1 Construction of environment. In the past, not even bacteria could live in the world. Today, Kitakyushu City has the population of 1 the Yawata Steel Woks million and the City area of 485 square kilometers. Doukai Bay area, known then as the “Sea of Death”Now, over [Resulting environmental activism] Located at the northernmost tip of Kyushu 100 species of fish have returned to the bay. While once the While working to overcome serious pollution problems, Island in the west end of the Japanese Archipelago, [Generation of pollution] Kitakyushu lies halfway between Tokyo and Shanghai. sky rained down the highest level of polluted precipitation in Kitakyushu accumulated a wealth of environmental In the 1960s, Japan underwent a period of rapid The close proximity to various Asian metropolises Japan, earning it the moniker of “The Seven-Colored Smoke,” know -how. In addition to encouraging environ- economic growth, with heavy and chemical industries, benefits Kitakyushu significantly. the skies have improved to the point where Japan offcially mentally friendly development locally, the city has Kitakyushu has long been home to various namely steel, machinery and chemicals, as the major driving selected us as a “starry sky city.” Finally, Kitakyushu has also actively worked to share its knowledge overseas. modern industries. While contributing to Japan's force. reclaimed its beautiful seas and skies. modernization as an industrial city, the City has Economic development and industrial prosperity brought accumulated advanced industrial technologies and about pollution problems of a magnitude never before expertise. Today, Kitakyushu is advancing diverse activities experienced. In Japan, where industrial and residential zones under the key word 'internationalization'on the were located close together because of space limitations, basis of the fundamental plan of the 'Kitakyushu serious pollution damage resulted. Kitakyushu was no Renaissance', whose basic concept is 'Toward Fig.6 ESCAP ministerial Becomeing an International and Technological exception. Fig.4 Receiving trainees conference on environment and Polluted Dokai Bay(1960s) Revived Dokai Bay(Today) development in asia and the City with Waterfront, Green Environment and Kind- Air pollution from overseas pacific in Kitakyushu(2000) heartedness'. In the Shiroyama district of the Dokai Bay area where Despite being a large city with one million numerous large industorial plants were clustered together, residents, Kitakyushu has its natural environment. the largest smoke dust fall in Japan was recorded in 1965, a The City seeks to maintain harmony with natural staggering annual average of 80 tons per month per square environment; to this end, the City is committed to promoting the harmonization with environment kilometer(with an all-time high reaching 108 tons per month). In including the development of environmental industry, 1969, Japan's first smog alert was issued here in Kitakyushu. The while at the same time constructing extensive area suffered such phenomenal air pollution that the Shiroyama "Sky with Seven Colors of Return to blue skies F i g . 5 UNCED Local infrastructures. district came to be known as a scrap heap for pollution. Severe Smoke"(1960s) (Today) Government Honours(1992) Fig.7 Johannesburg summit(2002) air pollution led to a large number of asthma sufferers.
13 KITAKYUSHU KITAKYUSHU 14 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA IIDA
Population:107,593 EX.4 2 Making Partnerships EX.4 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:658.76km Sustainable Cities in Japan
and the city government work together to enhance attractive preservation for future generations. IIDA CITY features of Iida City, particularly the streets lined with apple trees. IIDA CITY
Community-based environmental campaigns In 1996, the city adopted a vision of developing Iida into an environmentally-conscious and cultural city. Ever since, the city has been committed to various environmental campaigns. Making Partnerships The city’s Master Plan for Environmental Preservation stipulates a numerical target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 10%. To achieve this goal, the city has adopted Sustainable community development through the “Regional Plan for Promoting Use of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Conservation”. As one such measure Iida City is located in the southern west area partnerships between the city and residents (ahead of other Japanese municipalities), the city began of Nagano Prefecture, which stretches north promoting installation of solar panels on roofs of private to south in central Japan. The city, embraced homes. To date, a total of 775 homes have solar panels Grassroots community Buildings and a row of apple by the South and Central Japan Alps, was development ini- trees in the redeveloped district installed. constructed on the riverbank along the Tenryu tiatives Tatsuoka Solar panels installed on the roof of a childcare center Free School, which river and flourished as a castle town. Today, it received the “Mu- has a population of 108,000 as of the end of tosu” Iida Award March 2006. The city area is 658.76km2. 2005 In addition to abundant natural blessings, and a particularly mild climate and scenic beauty that feature seasonal change, residents of Iida are proud of its long history and traditional “Mutosu” urban development plan culture. The city streets are lined with apple trees, and Iida is well known for Iida Puppet Residents of Iida City are committed to community Junior high school development with the slogan “Mutosu” (self-rule, students taking Show Festival and Toyama Shimotsuki Festival care of apple trees (harvest festival), the latter being designated independence autonomy), “Mutosu” originated from a In addition, the city is by the national government as an important Japanese team: “ntosu”, which is listed at the very end of the committed to an eco-friendly Downtown area redevelopment project “Intangible Folk-Cultural Property” most famous Japanese dictionary (Kojien). Since 1982, the utility service through the By attracting more people to live in and visit downtown Since 1937, when Iida became a “city” city has been using “Mutosu” as a slogan to inspire residents partnerships between areas, the City intends to revitalize entire city areas. The under the modern municipal system, Iida has to make Iida an ideal city. Although the original meaning residents, enterprises, and City's urban redevelopment originated in 1949, when most continued to develop as a pivotal city in southern of the team is “I will” or “we will”, the resolution is to create the municipal government. part of the city was destroyed by a large fire. Before the fire, Nagano prefecture. Today the city is promoting though residents’ voluntary activities, a lively community An energy supply company, Iida was a beautiful castle town, dubbed “little Kyoto” (Japan's various types of tours, including “eco-tours” and where residents are happy and proud to live in. originally established by an ancient capital). In the course of reconstructing Iida as a “green tours”. These “tours” offer participants The city has also created annual “Mutosu” Iida awards, NPO, and funded by investment from around the country, is model city of improved disaster preparedness, junior high opportunities to experience agricultural activities to commend organizations that contribute significantly engaged in community-based photovoltaic power generation school students planted 47 apple trees on both sides of the and “educational tours” that enable tourists to to community development. Last year, the “Mutosu” Iida and the management of a shopping mall (ESCO), which is City’s main street, wishing its successful completion. Today, access regional resources. By seeking optimal award was presented to Tatsuoka Free School, which was operated by solar power. The company is also engaged in the street lined with apple trees has become a symbol of the regional management the municipal government established by a group of residents desiring to contribute promoting effective use of “green electricity” environmental city. and its residents are committed to sustainable to communities with their expertise. The school holds an education for young children and a co-generation project To increase the urban population, the city is currently community development so as to croak an outdoor program for elementary and junior high school using wood pellets. In this way, the environmental campaign committed to an urban integrated redevelopment project, “autonomous cultural and economic city”. children to cultivate rice and vegetables on paddies and of Iida City features fusion of the local economy with locally featuring construction of housing and other facilities. As Furthermore, by re-evaluating various assets that fields, holiday classes to assist children with their studies and produced energy. an organization responsible for the project, a company the city has inherited and using them effectively, other events. Another unique initiative is the appointment of about (Iida Urban Development Company) was established with the city aims to promote a sustainable regional There are many more groups in the city. Some are 110 environmental monitors among the residents who are the funds of residents, enterprises, financial organizations society, under the slogan “Mutosu” (self-rule, committed to training people for community development, over ten years old (fifth grade of elementary school). The and the city government. In addition to implementing the independence autonomy), residents participating others make local products by using local materials, monitors are asked to report whenever they recognize plant redevelopment project, the company is committed to various in community development projects at creating and others are engaged in various other activities. By and species as indices of a clean environment. The city services, including the management of tenants, operation a friendly community, where all residents are commending and supporting such organizations, Iida City analyzes their reports to reflect them in its environmental of shops and restaurants, organization of events, support of linked through heart-to-heart communication. promotes collaboration with its residents and the government policies. cultural activities, and provision of welfare services. policies of the Japanese government that deal with industrial Involving many residents in this way, the city promotes To promote tourism, private businesses, tourist bureaus zones. residents’ awareness of the importance of environmental
15 IIDA IIDA 16 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA MURORAN
Population:98,686 EX.5 2 Creating An Eco-Industrial Hub City EX.5 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:80.65km Sustainable Cities in Japan
Projects that play key roles in the creation of an eco- in Muroran in other areas MURORAN CITY industrial hub are categorized into three types according Means : Ut iliz ing te c h nolog ie s and te c h nolog ical to the purpose, means and other elements, so that we are development functions accumulated around the key able to take a strategic and conscious approach toward industries accomplishing each purpose: Strategy: With the aims of revitalizing peripheral companies and creating new businesses, we promote strategic Creating An Eco-Industrial Hub City 1.Core Project operation of environmental businesses outside this Purpose: Creation of the core of an eco-industrial hub area, in which recycling demand is low. By utilizing Means : Utilizing accumulation of key industries and technologies developed in Muroran, companies Our goal is to become logistics functions available in the City are launching new businesses or commercializing Strategy: Regarding recycling, hazardous substances treatment products through academia-industry-government a sustainable eco-industrial city and new energy businesses as the core projects, we collaboration, and will propose prototypes through focus our efforts not only on the promotion of existing model projects or demonstration tests. recycling businesses, but also on the startup of core through academia-industry-government environmental businesses that have a strong impact, 3.Foundation projects such as PCB waste treatment, for which officials Purpose: Realization of sustainable “eco-industrial city” collaboration permits have already been obtained, and recycling Means : Fostering community culture that supports the of agricultural plastics. Once Muroran City gains environmental industry recognition for these businesses, we will move on to Strategy: Community-based actions are taken to pursue of environmental load, such as waste and carbon dioxide. other projects. environmental-friendly jobs, lifestyles and urban History and current status of Under these circumstances, we established in 2001 a council development, while promoting the revitalization of local industries in Muroran City to promote the environmental industry in the Muroran 2.Dissemination projects other industries and the startup of new businesses. area, as a partnership between industry, government Purpose: Operation of environmental businesses that sprang The City has developed as a center of heavy industries and academia. Based on a shared understanding of the in Hokkaido. Its key industries being iron and steel, cement, need and expectations of the environmental industry, the oil refining and other materials production industries, as council developed an action plan aimed at creating the Implementation of major projects for creating eco-industrial hub well shipbuilding, plant and machining industries that environmental industry in the Muroran area (in fiscal 2002), use iron and steel as materials. In the vicinity of the 1.Core Project 2.Dissemination projects 3.Foundation projects which is now under way. key manufacturers, there are small and medium-sized companies that supply materials or provide machining, maintenance and other services. To win customers from Objectives of creating an eco- Narasaki Seisakusyo Co., Ltd. Bio-Treat among the employees of these companies, many shops and industrial hub Chiyoda Ute Co., Ltd. Nippon Petroleum Refining Co., Ltd. Endocrine disrupting Turbid water treatment system Manufacture and sales Sulfur solidified concrete (RECOSUL) eating and drinking establishments were set up and thrived. Heavy metal treatment system chemical purification Muroran City aims to become an eco-industrial hub in of plasterboards Laboratory equipment in operation system using micro- During the decade beginning from 1965, when Japan Development of a cooling Northern Japan by concentrating environmental businesses system using snow organisms experienced rapid economic growth, the City’s population in the Industrial City as a means of regaining vitality. and industrial growth peaked. Since 1975, the prolonged Hydro-Device To realize this goal, we make use of the accumulation Fuel cell capable structural and high-yen recession has forced local companies of generating hydrogen at of advanced technologies in Muroran City. A city of Nittetsu Cement Co., Ltd. to downsize or rationalize their operations, dampening Recycling of waste into cement materials and ambient temperature for manufacturing; ports and other logistics functions; research Carrying-in from outside power generation production activities. Hokkaido fuel for cement manufacturing and development establishments, including the Muroran ●Container and package plastics ● Sewage sludge, meat-and-bone meal, waste ●Agricultural waste plastics tires, etc. Institute of Technology; and networks of academia, industry ● Receipt of ashes from IPP electric power plants NTT East Hokkaido Actions toward new growth industry Reuse and recycling of and government. By creating an eco-industrial hub, we are used IT equipment Although the City suffered shrinking industrial output attaining the following objectives: Muroran Port (Recycle Port) Japan Environmental and population, it remains in the top ranks in Hokkaido ● Industrial development in this area (Reorganizing local Safety Corporation in terms of the shipment value of manufactured products industries and capturing new added value by using PCB Waste Treatment Programs (ranked first according to the 2004 preliminary estimates environmental concerns as leverage) Muroran City of shipment values of manufactured products), maintaining ● Regional development of this area (Curbing the population ●Formulation of the new energy vision ●Formulation of the energy saving the highest level of industrial accumulation (employers, drain and revitalizing the community by job creation and vision existing facilities and technologies, etc.) in Northern Japan. other measures) ●Subsidized project on household photovoltaic power generating By creating new businesses that effectively utilize existing ● Contribution to the environment in this area (Reducing systems industrial accumulation, we will be able to curb further local environmental load, and creating a recycling-oriented ●Implementation of the eco-office plan outflow of population and contraction of the local economy, community) and lay the foundation for future industrial and regional ● Contribution to the environment outside this area Wanishi shopping district The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. promotion association development. Among other things, the environmental industry (Contributing to resolving or mitigating waste problems in ●Recycling of waste tires Eco-friendly shopping street is particularly promising. In this industrial field, we can make other regions and global environmental problems) Muroran Advancement Center ●Biogas power generation ●Installation of composting the most of the advanced technological abilities and high of Industrial Technology and ● Hydrogen storage alloy refrigeration systems Management system ●Implementation of Eco Tours temperature heat treating furnaces, such as coke ovens and ●High-speed composting system Specific projects that contribute Establishment of the hydrogen Nippon Steel Corporation cement kilns available in Muroran City. In addition, society energy/fuel cell project ●Hydrogen manufacturing plant to creation of eco-industrial hub ●Wind power generation Recycling of container is expected to attach greater importance on the reduction and package plastics
17 MURORAN MURORAN 18 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA MURORAN
EX.5 EX.5 Sustainable Cities in Japan Muroran City Sustainable Cities in Japan
has already set up a subsidiary that manufactures rotor take the following actions: for CO2 Reduction Model Area program, and successfully Progress of implementation blades for wind turbines. The blade manufacturer has Promotion of collaboration between the industrial and obtained approval this fiscal year. Under the program, local 1.Core projects commenced production and, this year it will start the full- 1.civilian sectors utilizing the accumulation of industrial corporations are working to install wind and photovoltaic scale production of large blades, including a 40-meter blade, assets that can be diverted for consumer use, such as power facilities to supply electricity to public facilities. Nippon Steel Corporation Muroran Works started a one of the largest wind blades in the world. corporate technologies and exhaust heat from factories; We continue to vigorously promote environment-related waste plastic recycling business in 2002. In the coke-oven businesses so that information on new businesses and chemical materials recycling process, container and package Development of a wide-area resources and energy 2.Dissemination projects technologies will be disseminated within Japan and abroad plastics are charged into a coke oven carbonization chamber, 2.recycling system, in which recyclable resources that Two venture firms sprang from the Muroran Institute of from the entire area of Muroran as an eco-industrial hub city, carbonized at high temperature of 1200ºC in the absence of are difficult to treat properly are transported from the Tokyo Technology, a local university. Bio-Treat Ltd. is developing contributing to environmental protection. oxygen and thermally decomposed into coke, hydrocarbon oil metropolitan area or other regions to undergo advanced a wastewater purification system using a novel species and coke-oven gas. Coke is used as a reducing agent in blast pre-treatment at the Recycle Port (a recyclable resources of microbe that degrades endocrine disrupter chemical furnaces, hydrocarbon oil as a material for plastics, and coke- logistics base port designated by the Ministry of Land, MURORAN CITY (Nonylphenol), aiming to commercialize the system. Hidro- oven gas as a fuel for power Infrastructure and Transport) for recycling; Device is working to bring to market its portable fuel Muroran is located in the southwestern plants. The annual amount Promotion of creation of environmental businesses cell, which is capable of generating hydrogen at ambient part of Hokkaido, Japan, at approximately of plastic waste transported that spring from small and medium-sized companies temperatures using finely pulverized aluminum. The Muroran 3. 42 degrees North latitude, 140 degrees East to this facility from in and and universities, by encouraging joint research or other Institute of Technology also established an environmental longitude. Covering a total area of 80.64 square outside Hokkaido for recycling forms of collaboration between industry and academia, science and disaster control research center. Amid kilometers, the city stretches 12 kilometers increased from 20,600 tons such as between the Muroran Institute of Technology and growing awareness among local citizens, corporations and from east to west and 15.2 kilometers from in 2003 to 22,300 tons in corporations and by promoting research on subjects that government, the center promotes research and development north to south on a horseshoe-shaped peninsula 2004, to 23,300 tons in 2005. lead to environmental businesses; and of environment-related technologies that contribute jutting westward into the sea. Along the inner the recycling facility Creation of a “participatory eco-community,” in which Under the national PCB Waste to regional industrial development and environmental side of the horseshoe shape, there are industrial attached environmentally conscious projects that involve citizens, Treatment Programs, Japan preservation. 4. areas, mainly of key industries, surrounded such as Eco Shopping District and Eco Tour, have become Environmental Safety Corporation is constructing a regional by abundant nature. The 1,380-meter-long firmly established. PCB waste treatment facility that will cover Hokkaido and 3.Foundation projects Hakucho Bridge crosses over the mouth of 15 other prefectures in the Tohoku and other regions. The In the Wanishi shopping district, one of the local the bay, making a loop for this “circle city” of facility, which is scheduled for commencement of operation Conclusion shopping streets, the Wanishi shopping district promotion approximately 100,000 residents. in October 2007, is expected to treat approximately 4,000 Our actions described above led to the selection of association has carried out environmentally conscious The history of Muroran dates back to the tons of PCB waste. Muroran City as a model city for creation of environmental- activities: installation of kitchen waste composting systems; Keicho era (1596-1615), when the Matsumae Nippon Oil Corporation developed a method of recycling friendly city designated by the Urban Renaissance implementation of an initiative to reduce the use of clan set up a trading post in Etomo at the edge by-products from the petroleum refinery process and Headquarters of the Japanese Cabinet Secretariat (in supermarket plastic bags; establishment of Eco Shops; and of the peninsula. With the visit of the British fishery and other waste into reformulated sulfur solids (to June 2003). Since local corporations, universities, citizens organization of Eco Tours of local corporations’ environmental ship “Providence” to Etomo in 1796, the port be marketed under the name of “RECOSUL”). The new and government participate in the development and industrial facilities in collaboration with local NPOs. This became internationally known as a good natural material is manufactured by mixing reformulated sulfur, implementation of these projects and actions in their fiscal year, Muroran City will start separate collection of port. With the opening of the Port of Muroran in which is produced by adding an additive to sulfur recovered respective capacities, our Urban Renaissance initiative has waste plastics as recyclable resources. 1872, a railroad connecting Hakodate, Muroran from hydro-desulfurization unit, with coal ash and scallop gained momentum, making steady progress. Muroran City is In addition to the above projects, some companies and Sapporo and a regular sea-line, Muroran and other shells. Sulfur-solidified concrete is superior to drawing much attention of those involved in administration set up business operations or launched a new business in prospered as a land and marine transportation conventional concrete in its strength, impermeability and at the national and local level and, it seems, is gaining Muroran City. Chiyoda Ute Co., Ltd., a manufacturer and hub for Hokkaido. The steel plant and iron acid resistance. recognition as an environmentally conscious city. supplier of plasterboards, constructed a new plant on the site works constructed at the end of the Meiji period The company constructed In April of this year, Muroran City was selected again adjacent to Nippon Petroleum Refining Co., Ltd., aiming to (1868-1912) led to the development of Muroran experimental sulfur concrete by the Urban Renaissance Headquarters as a model area produce plasterboards using gypsum recovered from the flue as an industrial port city. In the postwar period, manufacturing equipment on for global warming and heat island countermeasures, for its gas desulfurization process in the refinery’s power generation oil refineries started operations here, adding the a business scale, and launched plan to implement anti-global warming projects using new business. NTT East Hokkaido started computer recycling heavy chemical industry to the city’s list of key field tests to demonstrate energy sources. As one of those projects, the City applied services, including erasing of hard drive data, to promote the industries. early attachment of algae on to the Ministry of Environment to join the Renewable Energy reuse and recycling of used personal computers, servers and the artificial substrates. Upon other IT equipment. completion of the demon- stration test, the recycling the sulfur-solidified concrete Future actions: Dissemination of business is scheduled to start manufacturing system attached in fiscal 2006. eco-brand image To create an eco-industrial hub, government, citizens, Regarding the new ener- corporations and all other stakeholders in the community gy business as one of its core need to participate and collaborate in the promotion of businesses, the Japan Steel environmentally-friendly urban development and lifestyle, Works, Ltd. Muroran Plant instead of relying solely on the utilization of key industries. will start the distribution of In all industries, let alone manufacturing, companies must power generating facilities, pursue environmentally conscious business management. with the view of realizing a When these goals are accomplished, an eco-brand domestically-produced wind image of Muroran City will be created. To this end, we will power plant. The company blades manufactured
19 MURORAN MURORAN 20 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA TAHARA
Population:66,354 EX.6 2 Sustainable Urban Development and Education EX.6 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:188.58km Sustainable Cities in Japan
In 2004, the PTA of Kinugasa Elementary School Comparing the amounts of solar radiation between shady and sunny places donated a compact wind turbine generator to the school. The TAHARA CITY generator adopts a “hybrid” method: a combination of solar power and wind power generation. The electricity produced by the generator is used for lighting. Using the City’s subsidy to promote ecological education programs, a panel board was added in 2005 as a tool for environmental education. On the panel, how to generate electricity from natural energy Sustainable Urban is described and the amounts of power generated by wind and solar energy respectively and the wind velocity are indicated. Development and Education Environmental education in Involving all generations in junior high schools How does the amount of sunlight differs depending on the Tahara Junior High School has held a learning session on panel angle? Tahara City’s “Eco Garden City Concept” on an annual basis promoting sustainable development as a part of its general learning program, inviting a lecturer from the city office. generation because the amount of solar radiation in the Tahara City’s “Eco-garden city region is the largest in Japan. In fact, approximately 2.7% Case Study 3: Eco-project using colza flowers of house owners in the city have installed a solar power concept” The aim of this project is to promote the recycling of generator, which is the highest rate in Japan. In 2003, Tahara City started its initiative of “Tahara resources. Colza flowers are grown in unused farmlands to Eco-Garden City Concept” to achieve a sustainable urban Case Study 1: Workshop on the new energy improve the soil quality, and the colza oil is used for cooking. development and to create an affluent and environment- generation method (solar energy generation) Moreover, used cooking oil is refined into a bio diesel fuel friendly city. To that end, efforts are being made in a wide (BDF) and used as an alternative to light oil fuel. range of areas. Solar energy generators were purchased to show After receiving a lecture about the project in class, With four key themes, (1) involve all generations in students how to generate energy from sunlight (natural students went out to the farm to sow colzas with NPO promoting the community development, (2) revitalize energy). The purpose of the program was to help students Through the experience of assembling the generator kits members engaged in the eco-project. Colzas, whose industries and achieve an affluent life, (3) best utilize local deepen understanding of current environmental concerns on their own, the students took more interest in solar power diameter is 2 mm, are so tiny that it is difficult to know where resources, and (4) reduce environmental burden to create represented by global warming and raise their awareness generation. They eagerly examined how the solar panel the seeds are sown and where not. Therefore, students tried a sound global environment. The city has worked on towards creating an energy-saving and recycle-oriented angle and weather conditions affected the power generation to work together to the same rhythm to make sure the seeds seven major projects. Those are (1) ecology project using society. efficiency. are sown evenly on the entire field. colza flower, (2) waste recycling project, (3) “eco-energy” After explanation was provided by the teacher regarding Sowing colzas; a rare experience for students introduction project, (4) energy-saving promotion project, (5) the basic concept of solar power generation, students divided Case Study 2: Wind Power Generator donated by “compact city” project, (6) “green network” project, and (7) into small groups, took out new solar power generator kits the PTA “eco-industry” project. from the box and assembled the generators while looking at In implementing the projects, the city government is the instruction book. Compact hybrid wind-power generator donated by the PTA proactively collaborating with not only corporations and citizens, but also elementary and secondary schools to Students learning how the system works through assembling the kits promote “Eco Garden City Concept.” Introduced here are educational programs conducted in schools to promote the development of sustainable environmental-friendly city. Environmental education in elementary schools There are 20 elementary schools, seven junior high Case Study 4: Energy Saving Project schools and three high schools in Tahara City. Concerns This project is designed to promote an ecology-conscious about the contamination of Shio River that runs through lifestyle by encouraging the use of energy-saving lighting the city raised public awareness towards environmental equipments, for example, so as to reduce the amount of conservation. Educational institutes are now proactively energy consumed and thus help alleviate global warming. organizing in-class programs and after-school activities Described here is one of these programs. Students and the regarding environmental issues. city office staff visited a sales branch of an electric power In 2004, using the city’s subsidy to promote ecology company to learn what induction heating (IH) is. education programs, Tahara Chubu Elementary School held Students listened to the manager’s lecture in a serious a class on a new energy generation method. The weather and earnest manner. After that, they had a joyful time condition in Tahara City is quite suitable for solar power making pancakes on the IH cookers. How did the pancakes taste.
21 TAHARA TAHARA 22 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA TAHARA
EX.6 EX.6 Sustainable Cities in Japan TAHARA CITY Sustainable Cities in Japan
The branch manager of an electric power company giving a Students were looking at the vehicle excitedly. Can it lecture Environmental education in high really run on the fuel cell? To understand the mechanism A windmill installed in school of the fuel cell car, knowledge of not only mechanical Atsumi Agricultural High engineering but chemistry also is necessary. School (1997) Having been designated by the Japan Productivity The fact that approximately 80% of the students took Center for Socio-Economic Development as a site for energy interests in the fuel cell through the actual experience of education for three consecutive years since 2002, Aichi running the fuel cell car was quite a meaningful result for the Prefectural Atsumi Agricultural High School has conducted program organizer. workshops and learning sessions in classes and after school Although not many students understood why efforts activities to teach students about various energy sources. were being made to develop such a fuel cell vehicle and how Case Study 5: Workshop on energy environment energy and environmental issues were interrelated with each other in our life, approximately 70% said that they felt the The High School is offering a class of agricultural fuel cell would be necessary in the future as an important A solar power generator energy source. built in Atsumi Agricultural machinery, in which students study the mechanism of High School (1997) machinery and engines. Case Study 6: Other initiatives using the fuel cell Making pancakes on the IH cooker, an energy saving A program was held to deepen students’ understanding car equipment of energy environmental issues through the learning of what is the fuel cell and how it works. According to a survey Participation in an eco-car race TAHARA CITY conducted prior to the program, while 81% of the students knew about the hybrid vehicle, only 35% were informed of the fuel cell. It is likely that the recognition rate was low Tahara City is located on the Atsumi Pe- because the fuel cell has not been commercialized yet. ninsula, the southeast part of Aichi Prefecture. The city was opened 500 years ago as a castle Learning about “clean” energy using the fuel cell town and is known in connection with WATANABE Kazan, an artist and liberal politician in the late Edo Period. Integrated with Atsumi City in 2005, the city now covers the whole peninsula and has a population of 66 thousand. The city has started its initiatives to become an affluent and vigorous city where harmony between urban development and agriculture is achieved. Having one of the nation’s best farm areas, Members of Industrial Club of Atsumi Agricultural High the city boasts the largest yield of agricultural School decided to participate in an eco-car race as part of Visiting the city office hall to see the solar power products in Japan. The city is also ranked generator on the roof the school’s energy education program. Based on what they 13th place for output of industrial products. learned in the workshop, the club members installed a fuel In its 1,100-hectare industrial district along the cell in one of their eco-cars and made an entry in an eco-car coast, Toyota’ race. s Tahara Factory The participation in the race further motivated the and many other students to learn about the fuel cell and provided them with A fuel cell car kit was used in the workshop because it transportation an invaluable experience in activities outside school. was the most effective way to help students understand the machinery ma- mechanism and theory of the fuel cell. Case Study 7: Wind and solar power generators nufacturers are Experiment of running a fuel cell car in operation. In 1997, with the assistance of the Prefectural In 2003, Ta- government, the High School installed a wind turbine and a hara City laun- solar power generator in its premises and built a greenhouse ched its “Eco- that is run by wind and solar energy. The electricity Garden City Con- generated by the wind turbine is used to open and close cept” to address the house’s curtains while solar power is mainly used as an the global war- energy source for the control panel. ming. Citizens The city government is taking the leadership in Since the greenhouse serves as a good example of and the muni- introducing solar power generators. While awarding clean energy utilization, the High School often has visitors cipal government subsidies to citizens to install solar power generators in from other elementary and junior high schools and non- are working together to achieve a sustainable their houses, the city government is also encouraging public educational organizations to see the facility. In 2004, an urban development to create an affluent and facilities to introduce the solar power generation system. explanatory panel was installed using the city’s subsidy environmental-friendly society. The city office hall has installed a solar power generator with for ecology educational programs to help students and the capacity of 20kW, which is producing nearly 4% of the visitors easily understand how the clean energy is used for total energy consumed in the office building annually. agriculture.
23 TAHARA TAHARA 24 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA OMIHACHIMAN
Population:68,946 EX.7 2 Preservation of Landscapes EX.7 Sustainable Cities in Japan Area:76.97km Sustainable Cities in Japan
Cultural Landscape in OMIHACHIMAN CITY Japan. What are the cri- teria when people choo- se a place to live for life? When unique cha- racteristics of Japanese local cities and towns Passing Traditions to The Next are being lost, what does O m i h a c h i m a n City have to offer to differentiate itself from other places? Generation Through Preservation The city government concluded that the crucial factor is Important cultural landscape ; beautiful landscape. In urban development of the 21st century, landscape does play a key role. Therefore, the of Landscapes waterfront views of omihachiman city government has established the water landscape The area extending from the western shore of Lake Biwa preservation plan to protect, enhance and newly create Landscape plays a key role in urban development to the northeast of Omihachiman City presents beautiful beautiful landscapes. sceneries of reed fields, intricate canal networks, paddy designated the area as a historic district to preserve old fields, villages and then small mountains. These beautiful Restoration of the Hachiman buildings. In 1991, the area was designated by the national landscapes with water represent the most traditional aspects OMIHACHIMAN CITY government as an Important Preservation District for Groups of Japan. Canal Located nearly in the center of the main of Historic Buildings. During the Edo and Meiji periods, Omihachiman was island of Japan, Shiga Prefecture has been a [Residents Campaign to Restore the Hachi- Currently, subsidies are provided for renovation of well known for its reed products, and many commodities hub for transportation between three economic man Canal] buildings designated as “historic buildings” to facilitate made from marsh plants such as rush mats (Omi-omote regions of Kinki, Chubu and Hokuriku. Taking programs to preserve landscape of the area. As a result tatami) and quality linen garments (Omi-jofu) were traded by The city of Omiha- the geographical advantages, many cultural of lessened financial burden on residents of the area and Hachiman merchants from Hachiman at a central wholesale chiman has a well- traditions and industries have developed in enhanced citizen awareness towards the preservation of market in Nihonbashi, Edo (Tokyo). Blinds, screens, organized grid-pattern the prefecture over a long period of time. landscape, culturally valuable buildings in the area are now partitions and other quality furniture items made of reed are layout consisting of 12 Omihachiman City is located in the center of the preserved and maintained. still manufactured in Omihachiman. Despite the decline in north-south streets and prefecture. In the eastern part of the city, Koto Maintenance of Hachiman Canal is also underway by the number of manufacturers of those products, the vast four east-west avenues, Plain is spreading from the foot of Suzuka Range citizen volunteers led through “Association of Hachiman reed fields are properly maintained by using traditional which were constructed that serves as a border between Shiga and Mie Canal Preservation”. These people are conducting programs agricultural methods such as burning of reed fields. when the Hachiman-yama Prefectures. The northeastern part of the city such as cleaning and planting of flowers and trees along the However, Lake Sainoko and reed fields in the area Castle was built in 1585 by HASHIBA (TOYOTOMI) Hidetsugu, is an urban area developed on the fan-shaped canal. underwent drastic changes, and it was necessary to take nephew of HASHIBA (TOYOTOMI) Hideyoshi (a great soldier). land in front of Lake Biwa. An area extending an immediate action to protect the landscape of the area. The Hachiman Canal was also constructed at that time as a from the western shore of Lake Biwa presents To pass down the traditional Japanese landscape to future means for water transportation as well as a moat to protect Before beautiful sceneries of reed fields, complicated generations, the Omihachiman city government established the castle. Linking to Lake Biwa, the canal served as an canal networks, paddy fields, villages and small an ordinance to preserve the environment of the area. To artery for transportation and played an important role in mountains. These beautiful landscapes with develop a waterfront landscape preservation plan based sustaining economic activities of merchants in the Hachiman water, represent the most traditional aspect of on the ordinance, the municipal government worked with region because all vessels traveling on Lake Biwa were Japan. In the urban area under the Hachiman- residents of the area whose life was deeply related to the obliged to visit the port of Hachiman. yama Castle built by TOYOTOMI Hidetsugu in lake and marshes as well as experts and specialists to Despite the prosperity of that time, the canal became 1585, rows of old merchant buildings are still decide what should be done for the preservation. This obsolete along with the progress of motorization, by preserved. was the first initiative conducted in Japan to preserve which land vehicles began to be used as a main means of T h e l a n d local scenery. Proactive initiatives have been conducted transportation, replacing boats and ships. Furthermore, the area of the city, After to promote the program. For example, public hearing was canal water was heavily contaminated with sludge and algae 12.6 km in width held to collect opinions from citizens, and requirements for generated by domestic waste-water. It was nearly 30 years from east to west landscape protection were ago that a plan was presented to fill in the canal and create and 15.4 km from identified based on the ideas parking lots and a park on the site. However, residents who north to south, is and opinions collected. wanted to preserve the tradition and culture of the area 76.97 km2. The Furthermore, Omihachi- along with the landscape protested against the plan. The p o p u l a t i o n i s man City became an admini- protest evolved into a city-wide movement aiming for not only nearly 70 thousand, the city is playing a key role stration body responsible revitalization of the Hachiman Canal but also preservation in the mid part of the prefecture. of old buildings and streets of Hachiman merchants, for the waterfront landscape leading to the formation of an urban development plan preser-vation plan. As a result Photo by Shigeru Júfuku by Omihachiman City. Responding to the movement, the of these efforts, the waterfront City started construction work to renovate the canal and area of Omihachiman was designated as the first Important
25 OMIHACHIMAN OMIHACHIMAN 26 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA UN-HABITAT
Partnerships between Japan and UN-HABITAT
and primary/junior high scools in Baghdad. Details of the project Target cities ● Supporting victims, particularly women and children, to Samawah, Baghdad and Basrah help them resume their day-to-day activities ● Reconstructing houses, water supply and sewage facilities, To help Iraqi people to achieve national reconstruction public halls and other community infrastructure to help Partnerships between Japan at the earliest possible stage, this project has been designed residents resume their daily activities to swiftly foster young Iraqi engineers and educators, who are ● Creating employment opportunities in the areas struck by expected to play leading roles in the national reconstruction. tsunami so as to revive local economy Out of the various education facilities whose operation is and UN-HABITAT ● Building community systems to ensure peoples’ difficult due to damages inflicted by the war and plunder and the aging of facilities caused through the economic participation in the projects sanction, the project places priority on the reconstruction Target cities With the support from the Japanese government, the suspend the project in order to Samawah: Collective housing (without water service) of engineering and education colleges as well as vocational Galle, Batticaloa, Kattankudi, Kilinochchi and Jaffna UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office is committed to construction ensure security of both workers before the project schools for practical training. In this project which was of housing, community infrastructure, and school facilities. and beneficiaries. Despite such initiated in August 2004, rehabilitation has been completed Project Approach The major projects currently under way include post- obstacles, residents are extremely ● Establishing community forums and strengthening their capacity for four vocational schools and five engineering colleges. In ● Promoting peoples’ participation in preparation and implementation of conflict rehabilitation projects in Iraq, post-Indian Ocean eager to have their houses rebuilt. addition, nine colleges are currently under reconstruction. In reconstruction plans Tsunami/Sumatra Earthquake reconstruction projects in Sri Of the various projects in Iraq, Baghdad, construction work has been completed for eleven ● Promoting the reconstruction of destroyed facilities rather than Lanka, post-conflict community reconstruction projects in rebuilding houses is one of the construction of new facilities in other locations primary schools. ● Securing peoples’ rights of residence to land, and property Afghanistan, poverty alleviation projects in Cambodia, and most demanded by local residents. 4.Living infrastructure & ● Securing fair distribution of aid so as to ensure steady progress of peace- projects to support returnees in Somalia. 2. building processes School rehabilitation project community rehabilitation project Details of the project [Story of a girl who lost her house in tsunami] Case Study 1: IRAQ Details of the project Rebuilding approximately 200 school buildings Kachi, a twelve-year-old girl in Sri Lanka, lived with In all post-conflict rehabilitation projects in Iraq, the UN- Rebuilding waste treatment facilities, sewage plants, (kindergartens, primary schools and junior and secondary her mother and younger brothers. HABITAT contracts local construction firms, employs local orphanage and other facilities for sick and vulnerable people high schools) that had extensive damage caused by the war After her father died in a terrorist workers, and purchases nearly 100% of construction and Target cities and economic sanction attack, the family had no regular other materials locally. The number of local people employed Baghdad, As Samawah and Kirkuk Target cities income source. At the end of 2004, for such projects up until now totals approximately 420,000. the great tsunami hit her village, Samawah, Basrah and Nasiriyah In this way, UN-HABITAT projects are significantly contributing washing away her house. to revitalizing Iraqi economy, improving technological levels It is believed that Iraqi people’s educational level rapidly Basrah: Bombed labo- ratory of a technolo- Kachi’s mother had no way to Kachi at the ground- declined during the former regime, with their literacy rate breaking ceremony of Iraqi workers and enhancing competitiveness of local gical college rebuild the house. When the family businesses, thus stabilizing Iraq society. dropping to 50 – 90% of the previous level. As a result of (left:before theproject; right: under rebuilding) were utterly at a loss, the UN-HABITAT decided to rebuild the this project, enrollment ratio of Iraqi children, particularly villagers’ houses in its reconstruction project funded by the Rehabilitation projects in girls, are increasing. In addition to providing proper and safe Iraq Case Study 2: SRI LANKA Japanese government. In Kachi’s village, all 4,600 residents, Iraq funded by Japanese Community educational environment, the project aims to Kirkuk Rehabilitation Project including Kachi, are Islam. Although traditional Islam government Syria broaden children’s perspectives by giving them Community infrastructure and housing Iran women seldom participate in public events, Kachi attended Baqubah many options, and to inspire them to ponder reconstruction project in the areas devastated by the ground-breaking ceremony with her family members. Baghdad School Rehabilitation Project about peace from various angles. Living Infrastructure the tsunami All villagers agreed to support the reconstruction project, & Community Najaf Rehabilitation Project In Sri Lanka, the UN-HABITAT first established community promising to cooperate with each other in order to complete Samawah Nasiriyah forums in each target districts. Through the community forums, the house reconstruction as soon as possible.
Saudi Arabia Basrah Post-Tsunami Projects in Sri Lanka we coordinated the various Educational Facilities In the six districts struck by the tsunami, the UN- Rehabilitation Project Kuwait (as of November 2005) demands of residents and Jaffna HABITAT staff members are working with local residents to Settlement: 1 other stakeholders to prepare 1. Beneficiaries: 326 people reconstruct houses, living infrastructures such as roads and Community rehabilitation project Kilinochchi House: 40 houses action plans for community Settlement: 1 Well: 40 drains, community centers and kindergartens. In addition to Details of the project Samawah: School for developing women teachers (left: before the Beneficiaries: 267 people Total value: $248,000 reconstruction and to select project; right: after the project completion) House: 43 houses beneficiaries. help victims restore their daily Building approximately 2,000 houses primarily for poor Well: 2 Batticaloa Total value: $247,000 Settlement: 6 lives as soon as possible, the We hope that the School Rehabilitation Project will Beneficiaries: 6,860 people In implementing plans, families and widows who lost their husbands in the war. House: 158 houses staff members also provide Al Maghrib district in ultimately help Iraqi people to advance long-term peace- Roads: 770 m UN-HABITAT exchanged Baghdad:The ceiling and Playground: 1 Target cities building processes by making schools the places to think Total value: $ 496,000 contract agreements with daily necessities that were stone walls have been washed away by the tsunami. Samawah, Baghdad and Kirkuk destroyed by air raid. about the broad framework of peace. As of November 2005, Kattankudi the communities concerned Settlement: 6 (Photo by the UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office) In Samawah, where public 180 schools and kindergartens were already rebuilt. The Beneficiaries: 8,791 people to ensure that community House: 238 houses Beneficiaries’ meeting order is maintained much more numbers of children desiring to enroll rebuilt schools are Roads: 860 m members take the initiative in Total value: $490,000 rapidly increasing; children at such schools look very happy. Balapitiya than in other cities, the project Beneficiaries: 47 families carrying out projects. Together House: 47 houses with local governments, UN- is progressing as scheduled. In 3. Educational facilities rehabilitation project Community center, park and nursery school Baghdad, however, we have to carry Galle HABITAT provided community Details of the project Settlement: 11 Beneficiaries: 5,881 people members with technological out the project by paying meticulous Rebuilding facilities of universities, technological House: 701 houses Roads: 120 m and other advice necessary for attention to a public order situation, political trends and colleges for developing teachers and other advanced Drains: 90 m Bridge: 1 carrying out the project. the safest time zone of the day. Yet, we often have to educational facilities, along with buildings of kindergartens Total value: $ 923,000 Rebuilding a house (Galle City) A rebuilt house (Batticaloa City)
27 UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT 28 GOVERNMENT KYOTO FUKUOKA KITAKYUSHU IIDA MURORAN TAHARA OMIHACHIMAN UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT FUKUOKA
Partnerships with UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Office
Also at the citizen’s level, private voluntary orga- nizations, such as the Japan Habitat Association and the Fukuoka Prefecture Partnerships of UN-HABITAT Citizens Net for Habitat, play a central role in supporting ope- Located in close proximity of the mainland rations of the Fukuoka, Office, through publicity and fund- of China and the Korean Peninsula, Fukuoka raising activities. has served as a gateway of trade and exchange As a result of these efforts, there is an increased re- between Japan and the continent since ancient Fukuoka Office with cognition of UN-HABITAT activities among citizens in recent times. By promoting various interregional years. In the wake of the Great Sumatra Earthquake and exchanges, Fukuoka Prefecture has managed to Indian Ocean Tsunami and the Pakistan Earthquake, many develop an open society in an area where various Fukuoka Prefecture citizens offered donations through UN-HABITAT to help vic- cultures coexist.. In Fukuoka, which has easy tims in the disasterstruck areas. It is encouraging to see that access to other regions by land, sea and air, many In August 1997, as the regional office for Asia and governments (Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City), private citizens’ support activities to improve the living environments international conferences and events are organized. Pacific of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme companies and civic groups in the region have cooperated in Asia and the Pacific are certainly expanding. More than 5,000 international students from 79 (UN-HABITAT) was established in Fukuoka. Since then, the together to actively support activities of the UN-HABITAT other countries and regions worldwide are studying Japanese government (the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Fukuoka Office, contributing to the improvements of the in Fukuoka. and Transport and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), local living environments for people in the Asia and Pacific region. ●Industries As a center for the production of one million International cooperation through regional partners automobiles, Fukuoka has a cluster of automobile- related companies. Through partnerships involving industries, government and academia, Fukuoka strives to develop new industries, such as Ministry of Land, Fukuoka environment and recycling, information technology, Infrastructure Prefecture and Transport semiconductor (system LSI), hydrogen energy, and Ministry of and biotechnology, nanotechnology, and robotics. Foreign Affairs Fukuoka City UN-HABITAT UN-HABITAT Goodwill Ambassador, Mari Christine, Furthermore, blessed with nature’s bounty, Fukuoka We Support Support & Asia and Pacific introducing the UN-HABITAT activities prefecture is also where high-quality agricultural Fukuoka Cooperation region Office products are produced. Affixed with the “Fukuoka Towards a sustainable society brand” mark, these products have in recent years been exported to other Asian countries. Private Civic groups We are sure that the UN-HABITAT will play an in- Companies creasingly greater role in promoting more sustainable ● Interregional exchange development in the 21st century to create a promising Fukuoka pref, maintains sister affiliation with and prosperous society for all. Fukuoka Prefecture has Hawaii, the U.S. since 1981, friendship affiliations accumulated experience in resolving various environmental with Jiangsu province, China since 1992, and and urban problems. The Prefecture has also carried out Bangkok, Thailand since 2006,The pref, also Forms of support technological development, and promoted new research participates in Governors’ Meeting with the southern toward the realization of a comprehensive resource-recycling- coastal region of Korea (Pusan metropolitan city, Fukuoka Prefecture and Fukuoka City have organized oriented society. Through these efforts, Fukuoka Prefecture Cholla-namdo, Kyongsang-namdo and Chejudo) a Cooperating Committee together with the local business will continue its unique international contribution to resolve every year since 1992. community to directly provide the UN-HABITAT Fukuoka global-scale issues concerning disasters, poverty and the Office with various management supports including financial environment in partnerships with the UN-HABITAT. assistance. On World Habitat Day celebrated in October every year, the Committee organizes a symposium and various seminars to promote citizens’ understanding of UN-
HABITAT activities in cooperation with the Fukuoka Office. Syenyang The most salient characteristics of these partnerships Beijing is that not only the Japanese government but also local Dalian governments, private enterprises, NPOs and citizens Seoul
cooperate together to support the UN-HABITAT Fukuoka Photograph) General Assembly: From left to the right: Mr. Cingdao Busan Office. Hirotaro Yamasaki, Mayor of Fukuoka City; Mr. Wataru Aso, Governor of Fukuoka Prefecture; Tatsuo Kawai, Chairman of the Shanghai Jeju Cooperating Committee for the UNHSP (HABITAT) Fukuoka Office; FUKUOKA The World Habitat Day Ms. Mari Christine, Goodwill Ambassador for UN-HABITAT; and Mr. Madhab Mathema, Former Acting Chief of the UN-HABITAT 2001 Global Conference Hongkong GDP: $138,501 million held in Fukuoka:Keynote Regional Office for Asia Pacific. Per capita GDP: $27,464 speech by Anna Kajumulo Taipei (Based on the 2002 exchange rate of Tibaijuka, Executive The Cooperating Committee for the UNHSP (HABITAT) Fukuoka US$1.00 = \125.39) Office was formed in 1997 by Fukuoka Prefecture, Fukuoka City, Anna Tibaijuka, Executive Director, expressed Overseas Office: Hong Kong, Shanghai, Director, UNHSP (HABITAT) appreciation to local partnerships of Fukuoka, and three economic organizations and 35 private companies in the Seoul, Frankfurt, San Francisco Wataru Aso, Fukuoka Governor, praised the activities of http://www.pref.fukuoka.lg.jp/ region, in recognition of the activities of the UN-HABITAT, to provide HABITAT ( Photographes proved by the UN-HABITAT ) technical assistance to Asian countries.
29 FUKUOKA PREFECTURE FUKUOKA PREFECTURE 30 Sustainable Cities in Japan
Sustainable Cities in Japan KYOTO/FUKUOKA/KITAKYUSHU/IIDA/MURORAN/ TAHARA/OMIHACHIMAN
National and Regional Planning Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of JAPAN http://www.mlit.go.jp/english/index.html E-mail [email protected] TEL +81-3-5253-8352 FAX +81-3-5253-1709