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27.03.2021 for Prelims and Mains DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 DAILY NEWS DIARY Of 27.03.2021 FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS 1 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 Warm Greetings. ➢ DnD aims to provide every day news analysis in sync with the UPSC pattern. ➢ It is targeted at UPSC – Prelims & Mains. ➢ Daily articles are provided in the form of Question and Answers • To have a bank of mains questions. • And interesting to read. • Providing precise information that can be carried straight to the exam, rather than over dumping. Enjoy reading. THE HINDU - TH INDIAN EXPRESS - IE BUSINESS LINE - BL ECONOMIC TIMES - ET TIMES OF INDIA - TOI 2 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 INDEX Editorial 1. Gender crisis embedded in the pandemic crisis……………………………………………………………………………………..04 GS 2 ➢ Polity 1. Poll bond scheme…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..05 ➢ Governance 2. Right to Information (RTI) applications and rejections…………………………………………………………………………..06 ➢ International Relations 3. Eritrea-Ethiopia Peace Scenario……………………………………………………………………………………..….....….…07 Snippets: 1. Jim Crow (segregation) era…………………………………………………………..................................................08 3 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 ESSAY PAPER EDITORIAL Q- Comment upon the rising gender crisis embedded in the pandemic crisis? INTRODUCTION = The COVID-19 pandemic’s role in amplifying gender inequality has exacerbated one of the toughest challenges to the India story. Women are being pushed out of the workforce at an alarming rate as several economic surveys and a special series of reports in this newspaper have highlighted. Women’s labour participation rate in India was worryingly low to start with. But the economic blow of the pandemic has fallen disproportionately hard on women – 1. With the female labour participation rate falling from around 11 per cent between mid-2018 and early 2020 to 9 per cent, according to data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). 2. By November 2020, 49 per cent of total job losses were of women, who were already present in fewer numbers in the workforce. 3. Again, while India was an outlier in the distressingly low levels of female urban workforce participation, the devastation of service sectors and the textile industry, which tend to employ more women, has battered urban women incomes. 4. For women across several strata, the statistics add up to economic distress, layoffs and more precarious work in the informal sector. They also mean a reversal of journeys from small towns to cities, from familial dependence to financial autonomy. 5. Cultural notions about work appropriate for women and restrictions on their mobility have always played a role in holding women back from economic mobility. Indian society has largely chosen to incentivise male earnings and wealth at the expense of women’s labour and “place” in the house. 4 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 6. The prolonged closure of schools and the increased burden of carework on women that the pandemic has entailed imply that women will find it that much harder to return to paid work. In a scenario of widespread economic distress, families are also unlikely to pay for childcare that enables women to step out of the house. GS 2 ➢ Polity Q- What are the justifications given by the Supreme Court for the poll bond scheme to go ahead? BACKGROUND = The Electoral Bond scheme began in 2018 and continued in 2019 and 2020 without “any impediments”. And the Supreme Court refused to stay the sale of electoral bonds prior to the Assembly elections in crucial States such as West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. The judgment came on an urgent application moved by an NGO, Association for Democratic Reforms, represented by advocate Prashant Bhushan, to stay the sale of the bonds scheduled between April 1 and 10. Justifications – 1. The sale of bonds before the elections would “further increase illegal and illicit funding of political parties through shell companies”. 5 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 Court - agreed that the scheme protects the identity of purchasers of electoral bonds in a cloak of anonymity, but highlighted that such purchases happened only through regular banking channels. The State Bank of India would eventually know the identity of the buyer. 2. While the identity of the purchaser of the bond is withheld, It is ensured that unidentified/unidentifiable persons cannot purchase the bonds and give it to the political parties. Court - Under Clause 7 of the scheme, buyers have to apply in the prescribed form, either physically or online, disclosing their particulars 3. The charge of electoral bonds facilitating anonymous and hefty donations from corporate houses to political parties. Court - Anyone buying bonds would have to fulfil KYC (Know Your Customer) norms. 4. Fears that electoral bonds would help foreign corporate houses influence domestic electoral politics. Court - The bonds could be purchased only by a person who was a citizen of India or incorporated or established in India. 5. Electoral bonds purchased using white money through banking channels could be re-purchased by an anonymous entity using black cash. Court - This contention arises out of ignorance of the scheme. Under Clause 14, the bonds are not tradeable. Moreover, the first buyer will not stand to gain anything out of such sale except losing white money for the black ➢ Governance Q- Analyze the rate of Right to Information (RTI) applications and rejections over the years establishing its efficiency? BACKGROUND = Right to Information Act 2005 mandates timely response to citizen requests for government information. It is an initiative taken by Department of Personnel and Training, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions to provide a– RTI Portal Gateway to the citizens for quick search of information on the details of first Appellate Authorities,PIOs etc. amongst others, besides access to RTI related information / disclosures published on the web by various Public Authorities under the government of India as well as the State Governments. Analysis - Public authorities under the Central government received 13.7 lakh RTI requests in 2019-20, out of which 58,634 were rejected for various reasons. Rejection rates have fallen since the 13.9% rate in 2005- 06, and have been steadily trending downwards since the 8.4% spike in 2014-15. In 2019-20, they hit their lowest level so far. According to the Central Information Commissioner’s annual report - The Centre has only rejected 4.3% of all Right to Information (RTI) requests in 2019-20. ▪ However, almost 40% of these rejections did not include any valid reason, as they did not invoke one of the permissible exemption clauses in the RTI Act, according to an analysis of report data by RTI activist Venkatesh Nayak. ▪ This includes 90% of rejections by the Prime Minister’s Office. ▪ The CIC’s annual report covers more than 2,000 public authorities across the Central government as well as the union territories. 1. Home Ministry had the highest rate of rejections, as it rejected 20% of all RTIs received. 2. The Agriculture Ministry’s rejection rate doubled from 2% in 2018-19 to 4% in 2019-20. 3. The Delhi Police and the Army also saw increases in rejection rates. 6 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 Rational for Rejections - ▪ The RTI Act allows public authorities to reject RTI requests on a number of grounds, ranging from information which would endanger life and safety to that which involves irrelevant personal information, Cabinet papers, foreign governments, copyrights, or sovereignty, security and intelligence matters. ▪ Public authorities are expected to cite the relevant clause of the Act to invoke the exemption. ▪ In 38.7% of rejections in 2019-20, however, public authorities failed to cite these permissible exemption clauses, and were classified under the ‘Others’ category in the CIC data. This is an increase from the 33% seen the previous year. ▪ The Finance Ministry alone rejected more than 10,000 cases (40% of its total RTI rejections) without providing a valid reason under the Act. ➢ International Relations Q- Write a short note on the Eritrea-Ethiopia Peace Scenario? ▪ Ethiopia and Eritrea fought a border war beginning in 1998 that left tens of thousands dead and resulted in a two-decade stalemate. 7 +91 9000066690 [email protected] Page DAILY NEWS DIARY 27.03.2021 ▪ Recently, Eritrea will pull its troops out of Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region, said the Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, a potential breakthrough in a drawn-out conflict that has seen atrocities carried out against civilians. ▪ Mr. Abiy won his Nobel in large part for initiating a rapprochement with Mr. Afwerki after taking office in 2018, but Eritrea and the TPLF remained bitter enemies. ▪ Mr. Abiy sent troops into Tigray on November 4 after accusing the region’s once-dominant ruling party, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), of attacks on Army camps. ▪ The announcement comes as Mr. Abiy, winner of the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize, faces mounting pressure to end fighting, in which both Eritrean and Ethiopian troops stand accused of abuses, including mass killings and rapes. The Ethiopian National Defense Force will take over guarding the border areas effective immediately. Snippets GS 2 ➢ International Relations Q- What is a restrictive voting law and how is it reminiscent of the Jim Crow (segregation) era? ▪ The U.S. State of Georgia passed a law, making ballot access more restrictive as Republicans across the country consider similar moves. Democrats and other critics of the law said it was targeted against Black voters and reminiscent of the Jim Crow (segregation) era. Several activist groups have mounted legal challenges to the law. ▪ Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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