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Russian-American Relations, March, 1917-March, 1920

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Russian-American Relations, March, 1917-March, 1920 AS (SiOtntil Htttnetaitg 2Itbtatg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 DATE DUE 11^3^221?=^ r - nn^iK z:jm^ Cornell University Library DK 266.A3F71 Russian-American relations, March 1917- 3 1924 028 409 690 ^ RUSSIAN-AMEKICAN EELATIONS March, 1917 — March, 1920 DOCUMENTS AND PAPERS COMPILED AND EDITED BY C. K. GUMMING and WALTER W. PETTIT UNDER THE DIHECTION OF JOHN A. EYAN, D.D. J. HENRY SCATTERGOOD WILLIAM ALLEN WHITE AT THE BEQUEST OP THE LEAGUE OF FREE NATIONS ASSOCIATION NEW YORK HARCOURT, BRACE AND HOWE 1930 A H'^'lc 3S' OOPTaiGHT. 1020. BY THB LEAGUE OF FRBB NATIOKB ASSOCIATION THE QUINN a BODEN COMPANY RAHWAY. N J. FOREWORD The League of Free Nations Association, through encourage- ment of research hy competent scholars, through the organiza- tion of study groups and open forums in all parts of the coun- try, and by means of its own publications, is working for a liberal and constructive American foreign policy. It stands for America's entrance into the present League of Nations with the object of aiding its development into a truly democratic and world-inclusive organization. It is axiomatic that upon the re-establishment of normal cul- tural, commercial, and political relations with the Russian peo- ple depends any adequate solution of the problems of food supply and the revival of industry and trade which involve the whole world. In the belief that the first requisite for the renewal of these essential relationships between the United States and Russia is a fuller knowledge of our Government's Russian policy during the past three years, this Association on August 2, 1919, invited Dr. John A. Ryan, Mr. J. Henry Scattergood, and Mr. William Allen White to direct a study of Russian-American relations since the overthrow of the tsar. The result is this volume of documents which, because of its objective and non-partisan character will, we believe, contribute towards the formation of an enlightened public opinion on this most important aspect of our foreign relations. This Association plans to conduct, as one of its activities, further investigations of similar character into other phases of our foreign policy. James G. McDonald, Chairman of the League of Free Nations Association. 130 West 42nd Street, New York City, March I, 1920. ' 4 PEEPACE This collection of documents and papers is the result of a decision taken last summer by the Executive Committee of the League of Free Nations Association to undertake an inquiry into the relations between the United States and Eussia since the Eevolution of March, 1917. The responsibility for such an historical study was given to a committee of three. The gen- eral purport and spirit of the inqtiiry are indicated by the fol- lowing extract from the letter written by the Chairman of the Association, asking members to serve on this committee: "It is not intended that this study should go into the question of the relative merits of Bolshevism or of the forces fighting Bolshevism in Eussia, but that it should be merely an attempt to make clear to the American people what the actual facts have been in our governmental dealings with the various groups in what was the Eussian Empire." Those responsible for the work do not pretend that even the limited objective suggested by the Chairman has been attained in any degree of fullness. The story told by this compilation is necessarily fragmentary and incomplete. Many important facts are doubtless embodied in documents which are not acces- sible and it is to be hoped that this collection may be sup- plemented by others from authoritative quarters. The docu- ments which have been included vary greatly in value and sig- nificance—some are official and some unofficial; and the in- equality in the volume of materials available for different periods gives a certain effect of disproportion to the study as a whole. Yet it BJay well be claimed that these documents, here brought together for the first time, throw light on many impor- tant aspects of our recent relations with Eussia. Every such piece of ^ork, seriously ahd dispassionately undertaken, may jifeefregawied as a contribution to the task of interpretation and ; : vi PREFACE appraisement which awaits the future historian of our Eussiam policy during this critical period. The documents fall into three main categories (1) Documents already published in English in Senate Eeports, State Department publications, The New York Times, the Current History Magazine (the monthly published by the New York Times Company), TJw Nation, etc. (2) Original translations from various Russian ofScial and unofScial newspapers; (3) Materials hitherto unpublished, contributed by Colonel Raymond Robins and others. The arrangement followed has been a simple chronological one, save in a few instances where clearness and continuity could be better secured by a slight departure from that plan. The documents have been allowed to speak for themselves with only such annotation as seemed absolutely required. Uni- formity in the spelling of Russian names and in such matters as capitalization throughout the book has not been attempted. A minimum of punctuation has been introduced into the cables and telegrams in order to render them intelligible to the reader, (signed) Johk A. Ryan, J. Heney Scattergood, WiLiiiAM ALiiEN White. March 1, 1920. CONTENTS PAGE FOBEWOBD .... iii PBEFAOE I y Intbodtjotion . xiii DOCDMENT 1. statement by the Provisional Government of Busaia, March 16, 1917 1 2. Address by Paul K. Miliukov, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Representatives of the Allies, cabled to all Russian Diplomats abroad, March 18, 1917 2 3. Manifesto by the Provi^onal Government of Russia to the People, March 20, 1917 ; 4 4. Statement conveying Recognition of the Provisional Government by the United States and the Provisional Government's Reply, March 22, 1917 6 5. Proclamation by the Petrograd Soviet to the Peoples of the World, March 27, 1917 .7 6. Statement by the Provisional Government regarding the War, April 9, 1917 9 7. Communication by P. N. Miliukov, Minister of Foreign Affairs, to the Russian Diplomats in the Allied Countries, ^&,y I, 1917 11 8. Explanation of P. N. Miliukov's Communication to the Russian Diplomats in Allied Countries, furnished by the Provisional Government to the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, May 4, 1917 12 9. Appeal by the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, May 4, 1917 13 10. Cable from Samuel Gompers, President of the American Federa- tion of Labor, to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, May 7, 1917 . 14 11. Appeal by the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Depu- ties to the Socialists of all Countries, May 15, 1917. 16 12. Declaration by the Second Provisional Government, May 18, 1917 19 13. Call by the Petrograd Soviet for an International Congress, June 2, 1917 22 14. Note from President Wilson to the Russian Government, May 26, 1917 23 15. Note from the Provisional Government to the Allies, published June 16, 1917 28 16. Note from Secretary Lansing, explaining the Aims of the Ameri- can Extraordinary Mission to Russia, published June 19, 1917 27 17. Address delivered by the Honorable Elihu Root, to the Russian Provisional Government, June 15, 1917 . 28 18. Address by President Wilson, welcoming Boris A. Bakhmeteff, the new Russian Ambassador to the United States, July 5, 1917 31 19. Statement by Mr. Root on the Work of the Mission, July 10, 1917 32 20. Statement by the Provisional Government to the Allied Powers, August 1, 1917 33 21. Speech by Mr. Root in New York, August 12, 1917 .... 34 vii viii CONTENTS DOCDMBNT PAGE 22. Message from President Wilson to the National Conference in Moscow, August 26, 1917 36 is. Statement by the Provisional Government, October 8, 1917 . 36 24. Kerensky's Interview with The Associated Press, November 1, 1917 39 25. Decree of Peace 41 26. Soviet Government's First Note to Allied Ambassadors, Novem- ber 22, 1917 44 27. Note from Soviet Government to Bepresentatives of the following Neutral Countries Norway, the Netherlands, Spain, land, Denmark, and Sweden, November 23, 1917 ... 45 28. Replies to the Soviet Note of November 23 46 29. Letter from General Judson to the Chief of the Russian General —'. ^^ StaflF, November 25, 1917 .... ^^--^ , 47 30. Statement issued to the Press by Colonel Wffliam Boyce Thomp- ~"\^ son, . with regard to American Supplied/November 27, 1917 , 48 31. Second Letter from General Judson to the Chief of the Russian General StaflF, November 28, 1917 48 32. Statement by Allied Military Attaches at the Russian Staff Head- quarters, November 23, 1917 49 33. Statement by the Chief of the French Military Mission, General Berthelot, addressed to General Dukhonin, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armies, November 25, 1917 50 34. Note from the Soviet Government to the Diplomatic Representa- tives of Allied Countries regarding the Beginning of Armistice Negotiations, November 28, 1917 51 35. Statement by the British Embassy, November 29, 1917 ... 51 36. Reply of the Soviet Government to the Statement of the British Embassy, November 30, 1917 52 37. Statement by Lieutenant-Colonel Kerth to General Dukhonin, November 27, 1917 53 38. Statement by Trotsky regarding the Note of Lieutenant-Colonel Kerth, December 1, 1917 54 39. Statement by the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, re- garding the Visit of General Judson to Trotsky, December 1, 1917 55 40. Note from Trotsky to the Allied Ambassadors, December 6, 1917 56 41. Cable from Edgar G. Sisson to George Creel, December 18, 1917 57 42. Denial by the American Military Mission of the Presence of American OflScers with General Kaledin 58 43.
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