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Infrageneric Categories Proposed up Largely Based on Leaf Subgenera and Generic Rank, Although Such Consequently Schizoloma, In

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Infrageneric Categories Proposed up Largely Based on Leaf Subgenera and Generic Rank, Although Such Consequently Schizoloma, In The Lindsaeoid ferns of the Old World III. Notes on Lindsaea and Sphenomeris in the Flora Malesiana Area K.U. Kramer Botanical Museum and Herbarium, University of Utrecht THE GENERA in In the Flora Malesiana area recent authors have distinguished the following genera the ferns: Isoloma Lindsaea group of J. Smith, Lindsaea Dryander (often misspelled and Odontosoria “Lindsaya”; see Copeland 1947, p. 53, Kramer 1957a, p. 156), Fee, Protolindsaya Copeland, Schizoloma Gaudichaud (or Schizolegnia Alston), Sphenomeris In Maxon, Tapeinidium (Presl) C. Christensen, and Xyropteris Kramer. my account of American I Asiatic Fee the species (Kramer 1957a) included the genus Schizolepton Lindsaea the in the group, on Copeland’s authority, without sufficiently looking into since its matter. Holttum (1958) has shown that affinities are withSyngramma and has subsequently (1960) combined it with Taenitis, although Pichi-Sermolli (1966) denies the any close affinity of two last-named genera. As stated before (Kramer 1957a, 1967) I am convinced that Schizoloma cannot be maintained as a distinct genus and prefer to treat it as a section of Lindsaea. With regard toOdontosoriaIsoloma I have reached the same conclusion, as explained below. sensu does stricto not occur in Asia. Xyropteris is still monotypical, as originally described (Kramer 1957b), and Tapeinidium, including Protolindsaya, as correctly stated by Christensen forms the of The (1934), subject a separate paper (Kramer 1968). notes in the be Lindsaea present paper can thus restricted to and Sphenomeris. SUBDIVISION OF LINDSAEA Infrageneric categories proposed up till now in Lindsaea were largely based on leaf and of these described and architecture venation; many were as subgenera some were then raised such characters to generic rank, or vice versa. Although may serve to natural in distinguish groups they are my opinion too weak a basis for separating sub- genera or even genera. Consequently Schizoloma, in Holttum's (1954) very natural circumscription, Isoloma, and Synaphlebium J. Smith are not kept separate here from but of Lindsaea maintained as sections, together with a number others, as enumerated below. As I think natural be regards subgenera two very groups may distinguished in die Old World: Lindsaea, with an essentially terrestrial, short- to moderately long-creeping rhizome with radially symmetric or almost symmetric stele, and Odontoloma, with an epiphytic or scandent, wide-creeping rhizome with strongly dorsiventral stele. Further differences are observed in some but not all species of Odontoloma and cannot be used for Odontoloma is and almost diagnostic purposes. a purely gerontogean entirely tropical BLUMEA VOL. No. 558 XV, 2, 1967 subgenus, ranging from Madagascar and Assam to Ryukyu, Hawaii, and Queensland. Lindsaea is a pantropic subgenus comprising all the New World species and extending considerably into subtropical regions; it is much less homogeneous thanOdontoloma. As sections I treat apparently natural species groups that are not necessarily quite sharply defined. So far very few infrageneric categories have been described in Lindsaea This results explicitly as sections. in comparatively many new descriptions or combinations on that level. I. Subgenus LINDSAEA Rhizome essentially terrestrial, short- to moderately long-creeping, the stele radially symmetric or nearly so. Pinnules always inserted on the edge of the adaxial face of the pinnule-bearing rachis, or (rarely) lamina simple. In I sections the Flora Malesiana area distinguish 9 of which the following synopsis be may given: KEY TO THE SECTIONS Lamina with the conform terminal I. bi-(tri-)pinnate, upper pinnae graduallyreduced, a pinna wanting; with and or simply pinnate (rarely simple), equal-sided pinnules anastomosing veins; combinations of both possibilities occur in one species sect. I. Schizoloma 1. Lamina bipinnate, with a conform terminal pinna; or simply pinnate, with free veins, or with anastomosing veins and dimidiate pinnules. Lamina rachis 2. simply pinnate, with ± equal-sided pinnules; ± sclerotic. 3. An articulation at the base of each pinnule sect. 8. Isoloma No Psammolindsaea 3. articulations at the bases of the pinnules sect. 7. Lamina 2. bipinnate, or if simply pinnate, with dimidiate pinnules; rachis various. Lamina rachis carinate. 4. simply pinnate, the strongly sclerotic, abaxially sharply sect. 6. Tropidolindsaea 4. Lamina bipinnate, or, if simply pinnate, the rachis not simultaneously sclerotic and abaxially carinate 5 5. Veins anastomosing, sometimes only irregularly so sect. 3. Synaphlebium Veins 5. free. 6. Spores monolete; lamina simply pinnate, with abaxially rounded rachis and (except in sori Osmolindsaea small forms) interrupted sect. 5. 6. Spores trilete;if lamina simply pinnateand rachis abaxially rounded, the sori continuous . 7 Lamina 7. simply pinnate, basally distinctly reduced and / or with more widely spaced pinnules; petiole and rachis abaxially bi-angular; pinnules not more than 2 x as long as wide, or, if longer, deeply incised sect. 9. Stenolindsaea Lamina 7. bipinnate, or, if simply pinnate, basally not reduced nor with remote pinnules and the axes abaxially terete. 8. Lindsaea Sori continuous; pinnules entire sect. 4. 8. Sori interrupted, pinnules ± incised sect. 2. Temnolindsaea Section I. Schizoloma Neerl. — Schizoloma (Gaudichaud) Kramer, Acta Bot.' 15: 571, 1967. Gaudichaud, Ann. Sc. Nat. — Lindsaea Schizoloma 3: 507, 1824, as genus. subgenus (Gaud.) Hooker, Fil. 6: — Spec. I: 219,1844;Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 271,1957. Type species: Schizoloma billardieri Gaudichaud (= Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz). This natural be defined few several of leaf very section cannot in words, as types forms pattern from decompound to simple (in certain of L. ensifolia) occur in it. With the key given above some forms with simple leaf structure cannot be keyed out to K. U. KRAMER: The Lindsaeoid ferns of 'he Old World 111 559 this L. but section, e.g., simply pinnate forms of orbiculata, fully developed specimens of those rule and show what their species are as a bipinnate affinity is. The only point inwhich I disagree with Holttum (1954) with regard to the circtimscrip- that tion of this group is I include some species with quite dimidiate pinnules, e.g., L. nervosa Mett. and L. hainanensis Ching. In my opinion the absence of a truly conform otherwise much terminal pinna is decisive, though it is true that these species show The similarity to species of sections Temnolindsaea or Lindsaea. spores are trilete. Section 2. Temnolindsaea Kramer, Acta Bot. Neerl. 6: 176, 1957. — Type species: L. klotzschiana Moritz in Ettingshausen. As pointed out before (Kramer 1967a), it is not certain that the Old World species classed here really belong with the neotropical ones for which the section was described. be of section They may closer to the next section; actually one species Synaphlebium has that be so irregularly anastomosing veins together with interrupted sori it might placed with almost equal justification in the present section. leaves with conform terminal Species of section Temnolindsaea have bipinnate a pinna, dimidiate, free-veined pinnules with incisions that interrupt the sori, and trilete spores. reduced basal L. kingii Copeland is unique in having some strongly primary pinnae. Section 3. Synaphlebium Diels & Pfl. 4 Neerl. (J. Smith) in Engler Prantl, Fam. I : 221, 1902; Kramer, Acta Bot. 15: 582, 1967. — Synaphlebium J. Smith, Hook. J. Bot. 3: 415, 1841 (nom. nud.); Hooker & Bauer, Gen. Fil. pi. 101, 1842. — Type species: Synaphlebium recurvatum Hooker. cited of The species with Hooker's description the genus Synaphlebium is ‘S. recurvatum There such that he Blume'. is no species; it seems likely confused Lindsaea nitens Blume and L. recurvata Wallich, a nomen nudum at the time of publication ofSynaphlebium; other three species referred to that genus in the same place, on J. Smith's authority, are also should be nomina nuda. It seems to me that Synaphlebium recurvatum Hooker regarded as validly described by a generic-specific description. It is a heterotypic synonym of L. cultrata (Willd.) Swartz. Lindsaea Synaphlebium is a very natural section, although the delimitation against sect. and sect. Temnolindsaea meets with some difficulties. The lamina is simply pinnate, with a conform or bipinnate terminalpinna, the pinnules are dimidiate, in most species incised andwith with the trilete. The interrupted sori, anastomosing veins ; spores are very small and narrow rhizome scales are also characteristic but not confined to this section. Two species, L. malayensis Holttum and L. crispa Baker, have irregularly anastomosing veins and the the bridge gap to related sections, the former to sect. Temnolindsaea, latter to sect. Lindsaea. Anastomosing veins in dimidate pinnules occur also in L. media R. Brown (sect. and in of in L. werneri Ros. and Schizoloma) some species subgenus Odontoloma, e.g. sometimes in Smith and L. rigida J. in Hooker L. pulchella (J. Smith) Mett. ex Kuhn. The character all itself be used by cannot for defining a natural group. No. 560 BLUMEA VOL. XV, 2, 1967 Lindsaea Section 4. Type species: L. trapeziformis Dryander = L. lancea (L.) Beddome. As in sect. Temnolindsaea I am by no means certain that the two paleotropical species with the which the The lamina are cognate neotropical ones among is type. is once or twice pinnate, in the latter case with a conform terminal pinna; the pinnules are dimidiate and free-veined, if fertile entire, with unbroken sori. Section
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