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Konservasi Hayati Vol. 08 No. 01 April 2012 ISSN 0216-9487 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Variasi warna Nepenthes mirabilis DAFTAR ISI Halaman Tanaman Obat yang Terdapat di Kota Bengkulu yang Berpotensi Sebagai Obat 1-15 Penyakit dan Gangguan Pada Sistem Pencernaan Manusia Welly Darwis Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes spp) di Kecamatan Selebar 16-21 Kota Bengkulu R.R. Sri Astuti, Rochmah Supriati, Gustina Dewi Jenis-jenis kupu-kupu (Butterflies) yang Terdapat di Taman Nasional Kerinci 22-28 Seblat Resor Ketenong Kecamatan Pinang Belapis Kabupaten Lebong Propinsi Bengkulu Helmiyetti, Syalfinaf Manaf, Kiki Hartaty Sinambela Keanekaragaman Jenis Makrozoobenthos Sebagai Bioindikator Untuk 29-35 Mengetahui Tingkat Pencemaran di Muara Sungai Jenggalu Kota Bengkulu Syarifuddin, Darmi, Tirta Wardana Struktur Komunitas Burung di Taman Wisata Alam Pantai Panjang dan Pulau 36-43 Baai Bengkulu Jarulis, Juliansyah, Rizwar, Syarifuddin Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan yang Dimanfaatkan oleh Masyarakat Desa 44-50 Tanah Hitam Kecamatan Padang Jaya Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara Rochmah Supriati, Steffanie Nurliana, Febrianto Malau Konservasi Hayati Vol. 08 No. 01 April 2012, hlm. 16-21 ISSN 0216-9487 INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp) DI KECAMATAN SELEBAR KOTA BENGKULU R.R. Sri Astuti1, Rochmah Supriati1, Gustina Dewi1 1) Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Bengkulu Jl. WR. Supratman, Gedung T UNIB Bengkulu e-mail: [email protected] Accepted December 26th, 2011; Revised January 13th, 2012 ABSTRACT To study has been conducted from January to March 2009, by using several methods; interview, exploration, data collection and identification. The data was analyzed descriptively. It was found 3 lowland species of Nepenthes. Those were Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, Nepenthes gracilis Korth, and Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miq. Each species characterized by stem form, leaf form, bladder form, bladder cover form, flower, and habitat. Key words : Nepenthes, Selebar Bengkulu city PENDAHULUAN terhadap keanekaragaman hayati dalam Provinsi Bengkulu kaya dengan keaneka- skala lokal adalah pembinasaan habitat- ragaman sumberdaya hayati. Hutan habitat alami dan spesifik (Santoso, 2008). tropisnya memiliki sumber kekayaan flora Kota Bengkulu terdiri dari 8 kecamatan, dan fauna yang dapat dikembangkan salah satu diantaranya adalah Kecamatan menjadi objek wisata. Kekayaan flora yang Selebar. Kecamatan ini terdiri dari 6 sudah terkenal dan telah menjadi objek kelurahan yaitu Betungan, Pekan Sabtu, wisata hutan di Bengkulu adalah Rafflesia Sukarami, Bumi Ayu, Pagar Dewa, Sumur arnoldii, Amorphopalus gigantenum dan Dewa (BKPMD Bengkulu, 2008) yang Shorea spp. Sementara kekayaan fauna yang masih banyak menyimpan keanekaragaman berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi hayati dan tumbuhan langka seperti objek wisata diantaranya harimau Sumatera, Nepenthes. Pada daerah ini khususnya pada rusa, gajah, tapir, kerbau liar. kelurahan Bumi Ayu dan Betungan memiliki Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman habitat yang mendukung Nepenthes untuk hayati di Provinsi Bengkulu masih belum hidup dan berkembang biak karena banyak dilakukan dan data yang ada belum Nepenthes adaptif pada tempat berair seperti memadai. Diduga, populasi flora dan fauna rawa atau dekat sumber air pada substrat yang dilindungi dari tahun ke tahun terus yang bersifat asam atau miskin hara. berkurang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya Dalam dunia pengetahuan Nepenthes peningkatan laju pembangunan sektor merupakan kajian yang sangat menarik perkebunan, industri, dan perumahan untuk dipelajari, dikembangkan dan maupun perkantoran. Beberapa aktivitas mendapatkan perhatian khusus; karena manusia yang mengancam flora dan fauna Nepenthes merupakan tumbuhan unik yaitu antara lain “illegal logging”, pembukaan mempunyai kemampuan untuk mencerna lahan dan perburuan. J ika ini dibiarkan flora serangga yang terperangkap dalam organ dan fauna langka di-perkirakan akan punah berbentuk kantong pada ujung daun untuk pada tahun 2015. Tekanan yang sangat kuat memenuhi kebutuhan proteinnya 16 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Vol. 08 No. 01 April 2012 ISSN 0216-9487 (Handayani dan Syamsudin, 1998). label lapangan, kantong plastik besar ukuran Nepenthes dapat dijadikan sebagai tanaman 35 x 45 cm, alkohol 70%. hias yang memiliki nilai komersial tinggi. Inventarisasi Nepenthes dilakukan Selain itu Nepenthes juga dapat digunakan dengan metode wawancara dan metode sebagai tanaman obat tradisional (cairan dari eksplorasi (jelajah). Dari setiap jenis kantong yang masih tertutup digunakan Nepenthes yang ditemukan, diambil tiga sebagai obat mata dan obat batuk), dan individu untuk dikoleksi dan tujuan bahkan ada yang dapat dijadikan petunjuk identifikasi. Bagian yang diambil mencakup sebagai indikator iklim (keberadaan seluruh bagian tubuhnya berupa akar, komunitas Nepenthes gymnamphora menun- batang, daun, serta bunga dan buah jika ada. jukkan tingkat hujannya cukup tinggi, Pengambilan Nepenthes dilakukan dengan kelembaban di atas 75%, dan tanahnya memperhatikan ciri-ciri seperti bentuk miskin unsur hara) (Mansur, 2006). kantong dan ukurannya, warna kantong, Keberadaan Nepenthes sekarang ini bentuk batang dan ukurannya, bentuk daun semakin langka, habitatnya semakin sempit dan ukurannya, bentuk bunga dan buah (jika dikarenakan oleh aktivitas manusia secara ada) beserta lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya. langsung maupun tidak langsung seperti Setiap sampel yang dikoleksi diberi label pembukaan kawasan tambang, kawasan dan difoto. Tumbuhan nephentes yang untuk tambak, dan eksploitasi jenis tertentu didapat kemudian diidentifikasi dan dibuat untuk dikomersialkan. Dalam menggali dan herbarium, dilakukan determinasi dengan memanfaatkan kekayaan sumber hayati, rujukan Slack (1980), Tamin dan Hotta usaha eksplorasi dan inventarisasi masih (1986), Cheek dan Jebb (2001), Handoyo sangat diperlukan dan harus diintensifkan, dan Sitanggang (2006), Mansur (2006), dan mengingat bahwa kini keberadaan Tamin (2008). Nepenthes di alam terancam rusak bahkan Informasi habitat dan informasi hampir punah karena perburuan. Berdasar- ekologis lainnya dicatat di buku catatan kan uraian di atas, perlu dilakukan upaya lapangan. Pada saat pengambilan sampel pengumpulan data tentang Nepenthes yang dilakukan pula pengukuran faktor-faktor terdapat di Kecamatan Selebar Kota abiotik untuk masing-masing Nepenthes Bengkulu. Hal ini dikarenakan belum yang ditemukan, meliputi temperatur, adanya data lengkap dan tertulis tentang kelembaban, dan pH (derajat keasaman) Nepenthes di Kecamatan Selebar Kota tanah, dan ketinggian. Bengkulu. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN BAHAN DAN METODE Dari hasil pengumpulan data di enam Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Kelurahan pada Kecamatan Selebar Kota Januari sampai Maret 2009 di Kecamatan Bengkulu (Betungan, Pekan Sabtu, Suka Selebar Kota Bengkulu, dilanjutkan dengan Rami, Bumi Ayu, Pagar Dewa, Sumur identifikasi jenis di Laboratorium Biologi Dewa) diperoleh tiga jenis kantong semar Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan yaitu Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, N. Gracilis Alam Universitas Bengkulu. Alat dan bahan Korth, dan N. reinwardtiana Miq. Tiga jenis utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Nepenthes tersebut ditemukan pada berupa termometer udara, hygrometer, ka- ketinggian 18-28 m dpl. Mengacu pada mera digital, soil tester, GPS, mistar, alti- Danser (1928), jenis- jenis Nepenthes yang meter, gunting tanaman, papan pengepres, ditemukan tersebut termasuk ke dalam jenis buku catatan lapangan, karton, botol sampel, Nepenthes dataran rendah. 17 Jurnal Ilmiah Konservasi Hayati Vol. 08 No. 01 April 2012 ISSN 0216-9487 a. b. c. Gambar 1. Jenis-jenis Nepenthes yang terdapat di di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Bengkulu a). Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, b). Nepenthes gracilis Korth, c). N. reinwardtiana Miq Deskripsi jenis Nepenthes yang panjang 2,4-2,6 cm dan lebar 2,7-2,8 cm. ditemukan di Kecamatan Selebar Kota Pada kantong bawah, pada bagian bawah Bengkulu, adalah sebagai berikut : sampai setengah kantong membesar dan 1. Nepenthes mirabilis Druce sampai keatas menyempit sedikit berbentuk Merupakan tumbuhan menjalar dan seperti bulat telur dengan ukuran tinggi 3- memanjat. Bentuk batang bulat, Permukaan 7,3 cm, lebar 2,3-3,5 cm, terdapat sayap batang licin dan kuat dengan ruas batang dengan panjang renda 0,4-2,5 mm terlihat yang jelas. Panjang batang 3-5 m dengan jelas. Tutup ka ntong berbentuk bulat telur diameter batang 7-9 mm. Daun berbentuk dengan ukuran 2,1-2,5 cm dan lebar 2,3-2,4 lanset, mempunyai tangkai berwarna hijau cm. ukuran taji 1 3 mm. Mulut kantong dan pertulangan daun terlihat sangat jelas. berukuran panjang 2-2,5 cm dan lebar 1,9- Panjang dan lebar daun 18,3-31 cm dan 4,2- 2,4 cm. Bunga berbentuk tandan dengan 7,9 cm dengan ujung runcing, pangkal panjang keseluruhan 55,5 cm. Jenis ini meruncing, tepi bergerigi ada juga yang rata. ditemukan di tanah podsolik merah, rawa Panjang sulur 9-18,5 cm. Kantong atas, berair. Hidup menjalar dan memanjat pada berbentuk menyerupai labu botol dengan tanaman Acasia sp, Melastoma sp, dan ukuran tinggi 11-15 cm dan lebar 2,5-4 cm. Gleichenia sp pada ketinggian 18-28 m dpl Tidak memiliki sayap. Tutup kantong dengan corak warna yang beragam yaitu berbentuk elips dengan ukuran panjang 3,6- hijau semburat merah, hijau, merah, dan 3,7 cm dan lebar 2,7-2,8 cm. Terdapat taji hijau bercak merah. Peristom tebal berwarna dengan ukuran panjang 4-6 mm. Mulut merah, hijau dan hijau kekuningan. kantong datar dan menyempit ke pangkal Menurut Mansur (2006) N. mirabilis penutup dengan ukuran panjang 3,7-4,3 cm memiliki daya adaptasi
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