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Cameroon Social Safety Nets by Carlo Del Ninno and Kaleb Tamiru, June 2012

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Cameroon Social Safety Nets by Carlo Del Ninno and Kaleb Tamiru, June 2012 DISCUSSION PAPER NO. 1404 Abstract This report lays the groundwork for a safety net system that can address the needs of the Cameroon poor in Cameroon. Cameroon does not have a coordinated system of safety nets; rather, small, Public Disclosure Authorized isolated interventions which together do not address the needs. Moreover, food and fuel price Social Safety Nets subsidies which mainly benefit the rich cost around 2 percent of GDP/year—much more than total safety net spending. There is a need for a social protection strategy and an effective Carlo del Ninno and Kaleb Tamiru safety net system to address chronic poverty and food insecurity in Cameroon. This strategy should identify risks and vulnerabilities so they can be addressed by appropriate programs. Investments in human capital and in geographic areas most affected by poverty—the North and Far North—should be priority. Public Disclosure Authorized Africa Social Safety Net and Social Protection Assessment Series Public Disclosure Authorized About this series... Social Protection & Labor Discussion Papers are published to communicate the results of The World Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. For more information, please contact the Social Protection Advisory Service, The World Bank, Public Disclosure Authorized 1818 H Street, N.W., Room MSN G8-803, Washington, D.C. 20433 USA. Telephone: (202) 458-5267, Fax: (202) 614-0471, E-mail: [email protected] or visit the Social June 2012 Protection website at www.worldbank.org/sp. Printed on recycled paper CAMEROON Social Safety Nets Carlo del Ninno and Kaleb Tamiru June 2012 Africa Social Safety Net and Social Protection Assessment Series Until recently, most countries in Africa implemented safety nets and social protection programs only on an ad hoc basis. In the wake of the global economic, food and fuel price crises starting in 2008, however, policymakers in Africa began to increasingly view safety nets as core instruments for reducing poverty, addressing inequality, and helping poor and vulnerable households to manage risk more effectively. During FY2009-2013, to support governments in their quest to understand better how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety nets in their countries, the World Bank’s Africa Region undertook social safety net or social protection assessments in a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. By 2014 assessments have been completed or are under preparation for over 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. These assessments analyze the status of social protection programs and safety nets, their strengths and weaknesses and identify areas for improvement, all with the aim of helping governments and donors to strengthen African safety net systems and social protection programs to protect and promote poor and vulnerable people. They were all carried-out with the explicit aim of informing governments’ social protection policies and programs. With the results of analytical work like these assessments and other types of support, safety nets and social protection programs are rapidly changing across Africa. For a cross-country regional review, please see "Reducing Poverty and Investing in People: The New Role of Safety Nets in Africa," which pulls together the findings and lessons learned from these assessments and other recent studies of safety net programs in Africa. Abstract This report lays the groundwork for a safety net system that can address the needs of the poor in Cameroon. Cameroon does not have a coordinated system of safety nets; rather, small, isolated interventions which together do not address the needs. Moreover, food and fuel price subsidies which mainly benefit the rich cost around 2 percent of GDP/year - much more than total safety net spending. There is a need for a social protection strategy and an effective safety net system to address chronic poverty and food insecurity in Cameroon. This strategy should identify risks and vulnerabilities so they can be addressed by appropriate programs. Investments in human capital and in geographic areas most affected by poverty - the North and Far North – should be priority. JEL Classification: I32, I38, J32, H53 Key Words: social protection, systems, safety nets, social assistance, welfare, administration, public policy, public sector reform, developing countries. GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR January 1 - to – December 31 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit : CFA Franc (CFAF) (as of May 16, 2011) 1 US$ : 464 FCFA WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AfDB - African Development Bank CILSS Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel CRS - Catholic Relief Services CSB - Corn-Soya blend CSPH - Caisse de stabilisation des prix des produits pétroliers CTS - Committee for Monitoring Economic Programs DSCE - Document de Stratégie pour la Croissance et l’Emploi (Growth and Employment Strategy Document) ECAM - Enquête Camerounaises Auprès de Ménages (Cameroon Household Survey) EGS - Employment Guarantee Scheme EMOP - Emergency Operations FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization FEWS NET - Famine Early Warning Systems Network FDI - Foreign Direct Investment FCFA - Franc de la Communauté Financière Africaine GAM - Global Acute Malnutrition GCM - Global Chronic Malnutrition GDP - Gross Domestic Product HDI - Human Development Index HIPC - Heavily Indebted Poor Countries ILO - International Labour Organization IMF - International Monetary Fund LBW - Low Birth Weight i MICS - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MDRI - Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MINADER - Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural MINEDUB - Ministère de l’Education de Base MINEPAT - Ministère de l’Economie, de la Planification et de l’Aménagement du Territoire MINESUP - Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur MINPROFF - Ministère de la Promotion de la Femme et de la Famille MINSANTE - Ministère de la Santé Publique MINAS - Ministère des Affaires Sociales MIS - Management Information System NGOs - Non-governmental Organizations ODA - Official Development Assistance OVCs - Orphans and Vulnerable Children PAD-Y - Projet d’Assainissement de Yaoundé PLW - Pregnant and Lactating Women PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PSNP - Productive Safety Nets Program SAM - Severe Acute Malnutrition SFP - Supplementary Feeding Program SONARA - National Oil Refinery (Société Nationale de Raffinage) SSN - Social Safety Nets UN - United Nations UNDP - United Nations Development Program UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund UNDP - United Nations Development Program VAM - Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping VAT - Value-added Tax WFP - World Food Programme ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This synthesis report was prepared by a team consisting of Kaleb Tamiru (Consultant) and Carlo del Ninno (AFTSP, Task Team Leader) in close collaboration with the government counterpart team at the Comité Technique de Suivi (CTS) of the Ministère de l’Economie, de la Planification, et de l’Aménagement du Territoire of Cameroon. The CTS is led by Mr. Jean Tchoffo (President), and is composed of Mr. Gregoire Mebada (Permanent Secretary), Mr. Michelin Njoh (Research Officer), Alphonse Nigour (Research Officer), and Mme Claudine Bahiya (Research Officer). Valuable guidance and suggestions were provided by: Yasser El-Gammal (Lead Social Protection Specialist, AFTSP), Setareh Razmara (Lead Social Protection Specialist, AFTSP), Lynne Sherburne-Benz (Sector Manager, AFTSP), Maureen Lewis (Advisor, AFTHD), Mary Kathryn Hollifield (Country Coordinator, AFCCM), and Kalanidhi Subbarao (Consultant, SASHD). Peer reviewers for the synthesis report were Phillippe George Leite (Economist, HDNSP), Andrea Vermehren (Senior Social Protection Specialist, SASHD), and Andrew Dabalen (Senior Economist, AFTP3). The team received strong support in Cameroon from Faustin-Ange Koyasse (Senior Economist, AFTP3), Gaston Sorgho (HD Coordinator, AFTHE), Raju Sing (Lead Economist, AFTP3), and Dan Murphy (Senior Country Officer, AFCCM). Administrative support was provided by Natalie Tchoumba Bitnga (Team Assistant, AFCC1) in Cameroon, and Nadège Nouviale (Program Assistant, AFTSP) as well as Ana Makiesse Lukau (Program Assistant, AFTSP) in Washington, D.C. The report draws from five background papers that review analysis of the evolution of poverty and studies of existing social safety nets programs. These background reports were prepared by Andrea Borgarello (Consultant), Ngueste Tegoum Pierre (Consultant), Étienne Modeste Assiga Ateba (Consultant), Zamo Akono Christian (Consultant), Nkama Arsene (Consultant), and Nkou Jean Pascal (Consultant). The team was supported by Cameroon’s National Statistical Institute during the preparation of the background papers. To prepare this report, the team worked closely with its government counterparts and other development partners (particularly the AfDB, the UNDP, UNICEF, and the WFP). Preliminary results from the background reports were discussed in a stakeholder
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