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GJ-18-217.Pdf Geochemical Journal, Vol.18, pp.217 to 232, 1984 P etr o gr a p h y a n d m aj o r ele m e nt c h e m istry o f th e v olc a n ic ro c k s of t h e A n d es, s o u th e rn P e r u SHIGEO A RAMAKI,1 N AOKI O NUMA2 and FELIX PORTILL03 Earthquake Research Institute,University ofTokyo,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113,1 Departm entofEarth Sciences,Ibaraki U niversity,Mito 3102 and Instituto GeologicaMinero y M etalurgico,Lim a,Peru (R eceived Decem ber12,1983, Accepted M ay 29,1984) M ore than 200 sam ples oflate Tertiary to Quaternary volcanic rocks have been collected from the northern sector ofthe central volcanic zone oftheA ndean belt occupyingsouthern Peru . The m ostabun- dantrock typeisthepyroxene andesite. M any oftherock sam plescarry hornblende and/orbiotite pheno- crysts. Sm allam ounts ofshoshonites occur on the back arc side nearPuna and Siquaniand olivine-augite basanites occur on the western shore of Lake Titicaca. The Si02 frequency has a m odein the 60-65% range which is about 5% high er th an the Quaternary volcanic rocks ofJapan. The K20 contentshows a distincttendency to increase away from the front,while the Na20 content tends to decrease in thesam e direction. The K,Sr and Bacontentsofthelate Tertiary to Quaternary volcanicrocksofthe northern partofthe central zone ofthe Andean volcanic belt (southern Peru) show regularincrease aw ay from the volcanic front. Atthesam etim e,aslight northwestwardincrease alongthearcisdetected. TheNacontentregularly decreases away tr om the front m aki ng a strong contrastto the Japanese Quaternary volcanic arcs, which does not show any regular change. The Na contentisconspicuously higherin the northw estern frontal zonethantherest. INTRODUCTION Prediction, Tohoku U niversity, seism ology) and N. FUJII (D epartm ent of Earth Sciences, K obe A cooperative project on the geochem ical U niversity, volcano physics). The Peruvian study of central A ndean volcanic zone w as research group consisted of the staff of carried out during the period from M ay, 1980 IN G EM M E T, C. G UEVARA (Chief, G eology through M arch, 1982, inclu ding the field w ork section), F. PORTILLO (geology), M . M ONTOYA and laboratory analyses. The project w as co- (geology) and J. A. L AJO (geology). sponsored by the O verseas Scientific R esearch, O ur objective w as to elucidate the processes Ministry of Education (M om busho) ofJapan and of generation and evolution of the m agm a Instituto Geologico M inero y M etalurgico form ed through the chem ical interactions (IN G EM M ET) of Peru. The Japanese research betw een the subducting N azca plate and the group consisted of N. O NUMA (Project leader, m antle at depths on the basis ofthe geochem ical D epartm ent of Earth Sciences, Ibaraki U ni- studies of A ndean andestiesin the centralA ndes versity, trace elem ent geochem istry), S. volcanic belt (southern Peru) w here volcanism is A RAM AKI (Earthquake R esearch Institute, U ni- taking place over the crust w hich is the thickest versity of Tokyo, geology and m ajor elem ent (about 70km )in the w orld. geochemistry), K. N OTSU (Institute of Chem - The m ain field w ork took place in the sum - istry, U niversity of Tsukuba, Sr isotope geo- m er of 1980 for about 70 days and the area chemistry), I. K ANEOKA (G eophysical Institute, covered ranged from 14'S to 18'S crossing the U niversity of To kyo, K-A r dating), A. w hole width of the A ndean volcanic belt (Fig. H ASEGAW A (Observ ation Center for Earthquake 1). The area is located at the northernm ost 217 2 18 S.A RAM AKIetal. sector of the central zone of the A ndean vol- straintsstated above. canic belt w hich overlies the N azca plat e sub- ducting eastw ard, and corresponds to a transi- SAM PLE C OLLECTION tion zone betw een the norm al- and abnorm al subduction segm ents of the N azca plate (H ASE- Selection of the sam pling locality depended GAWA and SACKS, 1981). The northern lim it of totally on the extensive inform ation already the central zone roughly corresponds to the collected by IN G E M M E T, Peru. Based on the northern lirn it of the part of the N azca plate published and unpublished geologic quadrangle subducting at an angle of about 30 degrees m aps and reports, sites w ere selected for the (norm al subduction). T o the north of this, the representative Q uaternary volcanic suites in N azca plate dips at about 30 degrees for the southern Peru. In principle, rocks designated first 100km of the descent from the tren ch, as Barroso group (see K ANEOKA and G UEVARA, but rem ains nearly horizontal for the next 1984, Fig. 2) w ere our m ain target w hile those 300 km and then dips agai n at about 30 degrees of the Senca and Tacaza w ere excluded. It (abnorm al subduction). The horizontal portion w as h oped that by restricting the geologi c age roughly corresponds to the northern extension 80" e O' W ofthe centralvolcanic zone. T he virtualabsence of the young volcanic activity in this area m ay ~ ~~ be due to the shallow depth of the subducting ¥ N azca plate and the very thick (about 70km , ¥ C OC OS¥ - C UM MlNGS and SCHILLER, 1971) crust acting P LAT E I $' together to restrict the am ount of the astheno- l~ sphere edge below this area (H ASEGAW A and Oq ':= / /:/ SO U TH Oo Galapagos AM ERICA N SACKS,in preparation). This reportis one ofa series ofpapers result- Is. l P LAT E ing from the current project and deals with the ¥ sum m ary of petrography, m ajor elem ent geo- ¥ chem istry and chem ical m apping ofthe volcanic N A ZC A ~o~<(~¥A'L - rocks. PL ATE "t;~;¥ A bundant volcanic cente rs and volcanic ¥ .'5 20q e o l '.e 20'S m aterials occur in the studied area spanning in '~~; :c t ' age from early T ertiary to historic tim e. Strati- ~~a~L:Oc~ ~):~¥ rfT:l,l .. graphy has been extensively studied by the ~ l . IN G EM M ET scientists but radiom etric dating 2~l ~ has been so far very lim ited (K ANEOKA and o l '1F I l JL /. G UEVARA, 1984). Therefore one of the m ain Chlye ~)fse t difficulties in characterizing the A ndean vol- l 40" canism in com parison with m ore w ell-defined 4 0q 18 t. volcanic arcs such as those in the Japanese I " A N TA R C TIC Lt ~ islands is to distinguish the spatial variation of s the volcanic m aterials from the tem poral one. P L ATE ¥' ' ¥~~~ ~ ~ M ajor and m inor elem ent data published by - ~ _ LEF~VRE (1973, 1979) cover the southern half of the area of the present study. H e dem on- iO O' 80' strated a clear tendency ofincreasing K content Fig. 1. Index m ap of the A ndean volcanic belt. D ots aw ay from the volcanic front but his results indicate the distribution of the Quaternary volcanoes. also cannot escape from the tem poral con- O bliquely ru led area correspondsto Fig.2. Volcanicrocks oftheA ndes 219 cz-03 PERU Illczc-z0-2ol SICUANI ~) N ,~- PPD- 30' l/ 'PPD-so "', PP0-56t op-ﾏ op-02 op-ol tl PPD0_-4781'~' rd~ PPo-'08' op-045¥~¥~;¥~:~;¥.;¥･･/c~~cM~__05045 e AYAV'Ri ,1 PA *04 tPPD-~ol oPp~oe7 ¥¥l /ctt-02 t CORACORA l COTAHUAS'op-08~~'¥~;~¥: CAILLOAdA PU-04 ¥ , ll~t [PA{012 .~csoja_ _/ opice _ 'c'l-ol PUP-Uos- .¥ PA-06 pA03 ¥c~sol' optlto cv-02 'I~l'PU-ot t/ ¥ ¥ PA-05~ic~si06/~/1' i¥04 ¥~~~_opt2t JULIACA Pu-06 f" cso ¥ opt3 /cv-041~cv-08 l/~l~Ac~-A0c3-04~/ op~5 op14 l"l"¥ '+¥~*~cv-0076 _~Il!l1~( Ac-02 L~ CHALA 'cs15 cv-c0v3-05AP-08 Ac-of t csll cv-ot }AR-09 cH-ol PU-05 LTITICACA ¥ cs12 I PVPv--fo09/~//~"' ~~ cs-13 AR0oa20ol2~t~'I pv-oe/=/;~~/~ 'Ac-c5¥)9¥1 t~~]1 cs-t4 i;AP~;I0~7/~;~' /A:~I"//./"c;_H-'0T~;U3~8ol_cH-07 pv-07 jtgl21/'¥_LIiLo~¥._~~~ AR06 /1~ ~///~ cH-05 J]uuJL03¥_)~~~~~l AR04 l'j'e If cH-06 oM-t4 'JL-'O / AR03 '~1R~QUIPA ¥ oM-on o'a-~6 IMc-02 'JYL-1tl/~-_ CAMANA /AR~{17 ¥¥AARARjC~H:0~t4'~~3~¥4t¥~~¥~~oN¥Ill~0'M1-c:ol'MCos AR*t65 - . et l MAZOCRUZ .¥ l - f~. AR-oi o'Ma-0o2e e~p "*~~:o"M-1*213IFr-¥-_MNc-0os4'/' PACIFIC OCEAN oM-ot:/1 ~ FTA~t2 ~'~~!~baMcc-0067 oTtA'-057j~/~//~;7)/~"/'~'r¥TA_~oT-AB.-1: '-'¥~/P'tc/-08 MOQUEGUA TA'02 '¥TATIAo09 ¥¥~M;c"-dLco-09 BOLIVIA TTAA--o0~4 Mc-ll TA*05 ¥¥d'¥¥Mct'-c13-i2lt TA-0076 'dc-14//t M~/c~/ ¥¥ 20 40 50 80 ~eokfn l 1f ¥ ¥ ;TACNA j d-¥" // t/ -'--'~. CHIL E ~' L Fig.2. M ap showingthelocality ofthesam ple. Num bersreferto Appendices I and 2. of the sam ples as close as possible, the spatial sam ples w as over 200. T he m ost recent m ate- characterization ofthe m agm a chem istry m ay be rials apparently form snow-clad high peaks and best achieved.
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