Define Personality Describe your own personality - DEFINITION - APPROACHES: PSYCHODYNAMIC – FREUD, ROGERS ADLER  EXPLAIN FREUD’S THREE STRUCTURES OF PERSONALITY

 EXPLAIN FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

 Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize the way a person adapts to the world  FOUR BASIC PERSPECTIVES (APPROACHES) 1. Psychoanalytic 2. Trait 3. Humanistic 4. Social-cognitive  Based on SIGMUND FREUD theory:  Proposes that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality  Viennese physician  Thought his patients’ problems were more emotional than physical  Began his work by using hypnosis and eventually switched to psychoanalysis  He said that people had NO FREE WILL and that human nature is BAD  Freud used cocaine and tobacco and died from oral cancer  More than 100 years later, his work is still influential and very controversial  Freud attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts  Techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

 Divided into three parts: 1. ID: primitive part of the personality  Provided all the energy that runs the psyche  Operates on the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE Wants sex, food and aggression ALL THE TIME Demands immediate gratification  Only cares about itself  2 substructures: 1. EROS: life instinct 2. THANATOS: Death instinct 2. EGO: begins at 6 months - Develops out of the ID to control it - Operates on the REALITY PRINCIPLE - Knows there are limits - “You can’t eat, have sex, and kill all the time.” - Known as the “executive of the personality” - Largely the conscious part of the personality - Satisfies the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain 3. Superego NORMAL PERSON - Selfless - Cares about EVERYONE ELSE ID EGO - Social part of the personality SUPEREGO - provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations - 2 substructures - CONSCIENCE: keeps you from doing what is morally wrong - EGO IDEAL: motivates you to do what is right

 Study of the Id, Ego, and the Superego  Freud argued:  Ego will cater to the ID b/c it provides the energy  Human nature is bad…people are naturally bad!!

 CHILDHOOD is the most important time in one’s life  First 6 years of life  According to Freud, everyone has this psychosexual energy that travels around your body  LIBIDO: energy that comes from EROS  FIXATION: some of the libido becomes permanently invested in a certain part of the body  RETENTIVE –  Occurs when parents are too strict or conservative

 EXPULSIVE –  Occurs when parents are too lax or liberal

1. ORAL: birth to 1 ½ years  Libido in mouth  Due to food  Too strict: oral retentive Adults don’t do much orally (speak, anorexia)  Too lax: oral expulsive Adults who tend to talk a lot, smoke, drink

2. ANAL: 1 ½ to 3 years  Potty training occurs during this time  Freud: biggest part of life  Too strict: anal retentive Very frugal with money, bottle –up emotions, clean houses, OCD  Too Lax: anal expulsive Adults who blow their money on anything and live in filth 3. PHALLIC  3 to 6 years old  Tend to touch themselves a lot  BOYS: become just like dad and heterosexual OEDIPAL COMPLEX  Wants to have sex with mom and kill dad CASTRATION ANXIETY  Afraid that dad will cut his parts off  GIRLS: become just like mom and heterosexual (Freud thought that women were inferior to men) ELECTRA COMPLEX  Wants to have sex with dad and kill mom PENIS ENVY  Mom cut off her penis and she works hard to get it back so she marries a man and has sons 4. LATENCY  6 years to puberty  Due to drama from the previous stage, conscious puts all sexual interest aside  Comes out in dreams 5. GENITAL  Adolescence to adulthood  Sexual reawaking  2 marks are reached: love and work  Freud said that conflict will still arise due to the ID pressing for expression Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

STAGE FOCUS

Oral Pleasure centers on the mouth-- (0-18 months) sucking, biting, chewing

Anal Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder (18-36 months) elimination; coping with demands for control

Phallic Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with (3-6 years) incestuous sexual feelings

Latency Dormant sexual feelings (6 to puberty)

Genital Maturation of sexual interests (puberty on)  EGO is very sensitive  Anxiety: creates stress in ego  Ego protects itself from anxiety  Defense mechanisms become ways to protect the ego 1. REPRESSION: cram unpleasant or unacceptable events into the unconscious  “Wooly Mammoth Theory” 2. REGRESSION: when you behave as if your in an earlier stage of development

3. DISPLACEMENT: direct aggression to source other than original - hitting, alcohol abuse 4. RATIONALIZATION: people justify what happened 5. DENIAL: deny something even happened 6. PROJECTION: attributes bad traits to someone else 7. SUBLIMATION: socially- approved displacement - getting it out in a healthy way; exercise, play video games  POSITIVE:  Pointed out the unconscious part of the mind that affects you  Argued for the importance of a good childhood  NEGATIVE:  Not empirical (cannot be measured)  Cannot be reproduced!!!  Good in retrospect, but has very little predictive power  Place more emphasis on Ego, not the id 1. CARL JUNG: believed that we all born with all of the knowledge that has been learned up to this point - Collective unconscious - Archetypes: emotionally laden ideas and images that have symbolic meaning in all people (p. 389 – 390) 2. ALFRED ADLER (p. 390)