March 2006

Whatcom County Master Gardeners Weeder’s Digest

Message From the Program Coordinator Master Gardeners provide public education We are ready to start the latest schedule, which will be in gardening and home horticulture based on annual Master Gardener train- kept up to date. That is the way research-based information from Washington ing. The first class is set to to be sure of the date of the begin Thursday, March 2nd classes you wish to attend. State University Extension. with 40 students signed up. We Who said you must be will be holding the class in the careful of what you wish for? Central Lutheran Church and In the last newsletter I said “Cultivating Plants, People and Communities since 1973” will have plenty of room for vet- something about wanting some erans to refresh their memories colder weather to slow things by coming to audit classes. down! Well, what we got was a The last newsletter contained a little bit over-kill, hopefully your Calendar schedule for your use, however tender plants will survive this March 11 that one has already been arctic express! March 2 Foundation Board Meeting Fruit Tree Grafting Clinic changed so please consult the Come to the Grafting Class Extension Office Tenant Lake Interpretive web site (http://whatcom.wsu. on Saturday, March 11th. 10 a.m. to Noon Center edu/mastergardener) for the ~Al McHenry 9 a.m. to Noon March 2 First day of 2006 Class April 5 Central Lutheran Church Hovander workdays begin 9 a.m to 4 p.m. 9 a.m. to noon

March 6 Ongoing Phytophthora ramorum Master Gardener Break- Educate To Detect Pro- fasts gram, 7 to 8:30 p.m. Babe’s in Ferndale Snohomish County Wednesdays 7:30 -9 a.m. See February newsletter for more information.

March 9 Monthly Foundation Mtg. Extension Office 7 to 9 p.m.

Cooperating agencies: Washington State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Extension programs and employment are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance may be reported through your local Extension Office. Foundation Notes

I was chatting with one of the decisions. ruit ree rafting linic veterans at the last meeting. She The Greenhouse Operating Com- F T G C exclaimed, “I’m just sure that most mittee (you can call it the old green- – Saturday, March 11, 2006 Master Gardeners are not aware of house committee if you must) has a Just a reminder to attend the Fruit all the activity that is going on.” She’s greenhouse full to the gills with great Tree Grafting Clinic. The Clinic is open undoubtedly correct, so here’s a sam- plants for the May sale. Potting sup- to both Master Gardeners and the pling. plies are available for our use as we public. We hope you will attend and A year ago, a group gathered to divide the plants in our gardens. bring your friends and neighbors to this explore needs for continuing educa- The Scholarship Committee has rewarding event. Master Gardeners tion. Plant identification emerged as a distributed information outlining our will earn three hours advanced educa- critical need. In response, Karen program and the means to apply. That tion for attendance. Gilliam has been leading a self-orga- information is available at counseling The clinic is held at the Tenant nized group focusing on plant identifi- offices throughout the county. Lake Interpretive Center from 9 am to cation and nomenclature. They have Al has been meeting with members 12 noon. Our expert and entertaining toured gardens and poured over texts. of the 2006 class making sure they ‘Master Grafters’ will review plant phys- They have learned much about plants know what they are getting into. And, iology, rootstock and fruit varieties. A and have also learned how truly large the Welcome Committee is planning a demonstration will follow of commonly the subject is. They will be continu- great get together for February 28. used grafting techniques. Finally, we ing their education. At the same time, The Office Clinic continues to solve will assist you in grafting your own tree they believe they can share some part home garden problems thanks to the to take home! Dwarf and mini-dwarf of what they have learned with other extraordinary efforts of the faithful few. , and a few rootstock Master Gardeners. To that end they Feeling guilty? Call the office to sign and many different scion wood variet- will be putting on several seminars. up. ies will be available for a nominal fee. More information about the seminars Finally, 2006 classes start on There is much interest in Asian will be forthcoming as their ideas gel. March 2 and a copy of the schedule and heirloom , so please In order to help others benefit, is available at our site. The instruc- bring scions from any trees you may Karen has said that she would be will- tors are great and Al keeps the group have. Scion wood should be cut from ing to help other self-organized groups going. What’s needed is veterans to a section of last year’s vegetative get started. She is willing to share respond to ad hoc questions, help with growth, up to 12” or so long and about what worked and even what did not the plant/weed/ id, and generally a pencil-width diameter. Seal the ends work in her team. If you have a spe- build relationships. Please drop in as with paraffin or tree-seal, or place in a cific interest and want to be part of ad- your schedule allows. zip lock bag, and refrigerate. The trick ditional study teams come to the next A huge thank you to all of you who is to keep the wood from drying out foundation meeting and sign up. This contribute in so many ways! and keep it dormant until it is grafted. is a really good opportunity to help Labeling as to variety is critical. design a continuing education program — Gretchen White, MGF President Contact the Foundation office at around your interests. Don’t be shy. 360.676.6736 or Luana Schneider for Luana Schneider and her team more information. are gearing up for the Grafting Clinic to be held Saturday, March 11. They will teach attendees about fruit trees March Master Gardener Foundation Meeting and propagation methods. Then the – Fiber Colors from the Garden fun begins: attendees purchase for You have a treasure store of colors in your garden. Dr. Toby Smith, who a nominal fee root stock and scions recently taught at Fairhaven College, WWU, and lives in North Vancouver, has and then proceed to locate one of the a great love of textiles and gardening and will share her knowledge of common talented presenters to help them make plants used to dye fibers. Her talk will consist of a basic presentation of the plants, sure their grafts are successful. along with many samples showing the range that can be acquired from simple The New Greenhouse Committee garden plants such the Marigold, Coreopsis and Dahlia as well as some uncom- is touring greenhouses and green- mon plants for our region such as Indigo and Madder. The order of the meeting house manufacturers. They will con- will be reversed so Toby will be speaking at 7:00 pm and the business part of the tinue to gather and sift information to meeting will follow refreshments. This will allow visitors to leave after attending equip them to make knowledge-based her presentation.

 Weeder’s Digest Tis the Season Your Monthly Gardening Guide by Faye Agner The warm weather in February has quarters, with the first two quarters oc- is the time for completion of the entire been unusual. We have had rain, sunny curring when the moon is waxing and late spring pruning, such as fruit trees, days and an arctic blast of frigid air. The the last two when it’s waning. Some raspberries and ornamentals. There plants have been fooled by the moder- folks narrow down the principle we ex- is still time for shaping other shrubs. ate weather and are showing some plained even further: The third quarter is Do not prune spring blooming plants signs of spring. The frigid air came at a the time to plant bulbs and below ground now, but wait until after the flowering is bad time. crops and the fourth quarter is a time to finished. Don’t forget to apply the last of This is the best time to add farmyard rest or to do non-planting work, such as your winter dormant spray manure or compost to the garden as weeding. Seeds of tomatoes and peppers the nutrients will be present for the new Whether or not you choose to believe should be started now to be set out in growth. If added in the autumn a lot of that the moon influences the way your May. Seeds of annuals, which take the “goodness” is leached away over garden grows, organizing your chores 70-90 days to bloom, should be started the winter, particularly the nitrogen. If into a schedule is a good idea. And who indoors or in a greenhouse early in barn yard manure is used, it is best if it can disagree with a plan that even builds March. The quicker maturing ones, such is well rotted so it does not burn the new in a time for rest? as marigolds, zinnias, asters and other growth. To start your begonias, plant the that need only 60 days for blooming can Bulbs are up and showing buds, tubers in a shallow wooden box or flat, be seeded indoors by the end of March crocuses are in bloom, a sure sign that “cup side up”. If you are planning to pot Things and stuff: Set out strawberry the growing season approaches. your begonias, start them directly in their plants now. Try to obtain only certified Many of the flowering trees are burst- containers. Plant 1 tuber per 6 inch pot plants (that is plants that are certified ing into bud, forsythia and many others and 3 tubers per 8”-10” pot. If sprouts resistant to some diseases) to save you show their bloom. Weeds are also ram- are broken off, don’t worry, more will disappointment of diseases. Now is the pant and need to be controlled before follow. time to sow some varieties of perenni- they spread seeds. Every weed you pull Use moist peat moss (4 parts) als and cool weather vegetables directly now cuts down on the work for the rest and vermiculite (1 part) or a prepared in the prepared planting area. These of the season. Lawns are beginning to planting mix. Put about 3 inches of the include beets, carrots, lettuce, peas, need care. If they are spongy underfoot, planting mix in the flat, place the tubers radishes and spinach. Seeds of flower- you need to do a good job of thatching on the planting mix cup side up on the ing plants including arabis, columbine, to let the lawn breathe and ready it for planting mix in the flat, and cover with coral-bells, delphiniums and veronica the summer. about ½ inch of the planting mix and may be seeded directly into the ground. For those who thought gardening water thoroughly. Place the flat where it Remember that standing water should by the moon was just an old wives tale, will have good light, but not in direct sun. not be allowed as it attracts mosquitoes. research is showing that at least some The temperature should be about 65-70 Keep the soil moist and give your of it makes senses scientifically. degrees. Keep the mixture moist to the fall planted garlic a shot of fishmeal now, Since the moon affects the tides and touch but never soggy. Do not fertil- and you will get bigger cloves in the the atmosphere, therefore affecting the ize during this early growth stage. Be summer Remember: It’s chic to reek— weather, it only makes sense that there patient during this starting period after eat homegrown garlic! is a certain rhythm to weather patterns. dormancy, begonias normally require Enjoy your gardening! And gardeners are always looking for 2 to 3 weeks to begin growing. Once ways to use the weather to their advan- they have started they will grow quickly. tage. ho am When the sprouts are 3 to 4 inches tall W I? There are hundreds of rules to follow I am one of the first shrubs to bloom and have developed their third leaf they in gardening by the moon—and some of each year. As early as January, you can are ready to move outdoors as long as them seem to contradict each other. But take a budded stem indoors, place in all danger of frost is passed. Begonias here are a few general principles to get water in a sunny window and watch my take about 10 – 12 weeks from starting you started. buds break into bloom. I come in colors until bloom. Everyone seems to agree that the ranging from bright red-orange to soft Now is the time to plant evergreen best time to plant vegetables and flowers pastel pinks and even white blooms. I trees and shrubs and other bare root all that bear fruit and flowers above ground even have double blooms. through the month of March. Check on is when the moon is waxing—the time Last month, Erica. drainage and take steps to control it be- between a full and a new moon. fore planting your new treasures. March The lunar cycle can be divided into whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener  Plant of the Month: Maiden Hair Tree By Cheryll Greenwood Kinsley

me straight quick, after flinching as if I’d excellent ‘city tree’ that grows well through- called an eagle a crow. out the mid latitudes today.” It is an ideal Two things about unfamiliar big trees landscape tree with many fine attributes. seemed true to me then: Larix was note- It demands nothing more than a sheltered worthy as a deciduous conifer and Ginkgo place in the sun and soil that drains well. biloba--also a deciduous conifer--was truly It’s not fussy about care. It’s cold hardy, an unpleasant tree. The first remains true, not bothered by pests or diseases, and image courtesy OSU Landscape Plants Database but I was really off base on the other. I’d resistant to oak root . Only female Family: Ginkoaceae (Ginko family) walked on sidewalks dodging the squishy, trees drop those fruits that make sidewalks Genus: Ginko bad-smelling fruit that dropped from the slippery. Male gingkoes, readily available Species: biloba branches of ginkgo trees and wondered in the marketplace and clearly marked, why anyone would plant such things any- don’t make messes at all. I’m going to take a few liberties this where close to where people congregate. And its suitability for home gardens? month. I don’t usually write about trees But after my dictionary discovery I de- The species trees grow to at least fifty in these columns, particularly deciduous cided to learn a little more about this tree, feet. Because their leaves and form are so trees, especially the tall ones used for pub- given its status as a lone survivor. And as beautiful, however, plant breeders have lic landscaping, commonly called “street I’ve found to be true time after time, once I gone to work and now several very attrac- trees.” These articles are after all for home gather some information about something tive, slow-growing dwarf forms are avail- gardeners. But recently while looking I don’t think I like, my opinion is likely to able, some with deep-green leaves and up the spelling of “loathe” in the diction- change. Now I respect the gingko’s ancient some with leaves tipped in gold. Be on the ary, I noticed “living fossil” one column heritage and even understand about those lookout for G. biloba ‘Mariken’, cultivated over. Hmmm. Anyone who’s ever had any squishy fruit. The mess isn’t the fault of the from a witches’ broom found on a species contact with teenagers knows that term tree, but of the people who chose to plant gingko. Or ‘Jade Butterflies’, very small, well. I read the definition--an organism that females rather than males. with its leaves in tight clusters. There may has remained essentially unchanged from It’s true there’s only one species--bi- be only one species of Gingko, but there earlier geologic times and whose close loba--of the genus Ginkgo left on earth. are many cultivars. If you want something relatives are usually extinct. The ginkgo And the tree is extinct in the wild. It’s been new in your home landscape this year, you biloba tree was given as an example. That here for 200 million years in the same form may want to check some of them out. caught my attention. An ancient survivor, we see it today but now survives only in Oh, and it seems to me I’ve heard the only one left of its kind! cultivation, according to the Museum of rumors that claims have been made about Now, my history with Gingko biloba is Paleontology at the University of Califor- the health benefits of potions made from uneven at best. When I set out to learn nia, Berkeley. It’s still with us due to the parts of gingko trees. But for the life of me, about plants, I started from the ground up, efforts of “the Chinese priest classes” who I can’t remember what they might be. so to speak, and worked my way through grew it alongside their temples for centu- annuals from ageratums to zinnias. Then I ries. “Some speculate that Ginkgo biloba’s moved on to herbaceous perennials, took decline in the wild may be related to the one side path to bulbs and another through extinction of a seed disperser during the ornamental grasses and landed lately Pleistocene extinctions. Ginkgo seeds are The author of our Plant of the Month at dwarf conifers. I know not very much difficult to germinate, which some have feature since 1997, Cheryll is a writer and about forest trees, or trees that grow along suggested may be related to the require- an editor and a dedicated Master Gardener boulevards in cities or stand tall in the ment that they pass through the gut during in Whatcom County. Next to the people in open countryside. Beyond Douglas firs and dispersal. However, such a scenario is dif- her life, words and plants—their history, their habits, and their needs—are her redwoods and red cedars and mountain ficult if not impossible to evaluate scientifi- favorite things. When she’s not at her key- hemlocks--with their little bent-over tops-- cally.” There is some evidence that the gut board, you might find her helping others and perhaps Ponderosa pines, I was lost. in question was provided by a raccoon. learn about gardening or tending her own No one can live in our part of the country No need to dwell further on that theory, small plot—chasing horsetail, counting without knowing those. But once I casually just to add that today the ginkgo doesn’t ladybugs, and looking for a spot where she referred to a Larix laracina--a tamarack-- naturalize where it’s grown. However, it can wedge in just one more Cryptomeria. You can reach her, if you’d like, by e-mail: as a juniper. I was standing next to a wise has managed to recapture “much of its an- [email protected]. Western naturalist at the time and he set cient biogeographic range because it is an  Weeder’s Digest Garden Friends & Foes: the Question of By Kristine K. Schlamp

and 123 species. The family is noted cortical galleries of 20-25 mm (.79-.98 for containing some of the best wasp in) long and cut into the phloem, are 25 mimics among all of the . The mm (.98 in), grayish white with a brown common name ‘clearwing’ comes from head. Pupae can be found pushed out the lack of scales covering both pairs from exit holes in the bark of the host of wings hence one of the reasons they plant. can be mistaken for a wasp. Not only Clemson University - USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series, www.forestryimages.org at first glance do they look like wasps Damage specific to but they also behave like wasps, some myopaeformis: There is nothing in a that produce a buzzing sound in flight, oth- In , until the 1960’s, the apple tells you it’s going to be a butterfly. ers perform abdominal movements that clearwing has been regarded as one - Buckminster Fuller imitate stinging and still others have the of the secondary pests of apple trees ability to hover in one place as do bees that were previously stressed by other Have you seen this critter? A new and wasps. Remarkable! They are factors. It was thought that the damage pest of some concern: Synanthedon mostly diurnal species and frequently was rarely serious as the larvae can only myopaeformis commonly called the visit flowers which compound their develop in declining trees in which the red-belted clearwing or if you’re in mimicry. are known as sap circulates poorly. Europe the apple clearwing moth. clearwing borers because their larval But now, in Europe, with the changes Last summer (2005) yielded an excit- stage () bore in the stems, in apple production technology it has ing new find in the unique fruit growing trunks, and/or roots of various plants. become a significant pest. High pro- region of British Columbia’s Similka- Damage from the tunneling larvae can duction, intensive orchard plantations meen Valley. In two apple ( sp.) be severe and lead to the decline and were established and rootstocks with orchards in Cawston, a mere 14 miles death of the host trees, especially in low growing capacity were introduced. from the Washington border of Okano- younger plants. Economically important These stressful conditions may result in gan County, several adult clearwing species include the ash borer and the the early death of young trees that find moths (Sesiidae) were found. After peachtree borer, just to name a couple. themselves under attack by this previ- careful examination by taxonomic spe- Many of the more pestiferous spe- ously non-threatening pest. The larvae cialists, the specimens were determined cies have synthesized sex of the apple clearwing moth have been to be the red-belted clearwing moth, which aid greatly in Integrated Pest Man- reported to cause some damage to fruit Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhau- agement programs worldwide. These trees in parts of Europe (Belgium, the sen). Which, up until now has not been pheromones can be used for monitoring Netherlands). known to occur in North America. The techniques as well as control measures moth is native to Europe from southern such as mass trapping, mating disrup- Where are we now: Scandinavia through central Europe to tion and attract and kill. (This in itself is The Canadian Food Inspection North and Asia Minor. a lesson for a different time.) Agency (CFIA) has not yet determined a Continued on page 7 What Host trees to watch out for: Specific description ofSynanthedon The host range includes important myopaeformis: As the IPM Coordinator for Whatcom horticultural and landscape trees in the The adult moth has a 20-28 mm County, Kristine K. Schlamp is well suited for this position. She holds a Master’s of Rosaceae family, including members of (.79-1.1 in) wingspan. It has a long Pest Management degree from Simon Fra- and slender body, with dark blue-black the stone fruits as well as such popu- ser University, British Columbia, and has lar favorites as apple, pear, hawthorn, thorax and abdomen with a red horizon- worked extensively in the field on various and mountain ash. tal band. Wings of course are clear (do pest problems through which she has been not have scales). Forewings are narrow exposed to a variety of systems, including Some notable comments on the Fam- and slightly smoked on the side, the hind urban, agricultural, horticultural and even wings are much shorter and triangular forestry projects. With this exposure and ily Sesiidae: her experiences, she is quite ready and with veins. This family occurs worldwide with willing to apply herself to the horticultural over 1,000 different species. Closer to The larvae, which will be found in concerns of Whatcom County residents in home, North America boasts 20 genera tree trunks where they bore deep sub- both, agricultural and urban settings. whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener  Whatcom Weeds: Flowering Rush – Butomus umbellatus By Laurel Baldwin

using mechanical or chemical means. rhizomes. Flowering rush occurs at Silver Lake, in MANAGEMENT OPTIONS: Flow- Whatcom County. It is illegal to buy, sell ering rush is difficult to control, once or transport flowering rush in Washing- established. To prevent the spread of ton State. this, and other, aquatic weeds, all boats DESCRIPTION: Flowering rush is and equipment should be inspected an aquatic perennial, which can grow ei- before being moved between water bod- ther as a submersed or emergent plant. ies. Flowering rush can be controlled A freshwater species, intolerant of brack- using mechanical and chemical control. ish water, it grows on the banks of rivers, Cutting and digging can be used to con- lakes and ponds, and in marshes and trol this plant, but only if extreme care wet areas. Flowering rush can grow on is taken to remove all plant parts from dry banks of water bodies and in water, areas with water. It is difficult to control Photo: Kitty Kohout and Wisconsin State up to 6 feet deep. The leaves are fleshy with herbicides, but chemical treatment Herbarium and triangular in cross-section, growing may be effective on plants growing on THREAT: Flowering rush, a native of either erect or floating on water surface, land or in very shallow water. To be ef- Asia, was probably introduced to North depending on the form of the plant. The fective, control work must be continued, America as a garden ornamental. It has white to pink flowers are borne in umbels as needed, throughout several growing escaped cultivation and invades fresh- atop a single flower stalk. Flower stalks seasons. Contact the weed control water areas, where it can form dense are usually taller than the leaves and board for chemical recommendations. stands, displacing native vegetation and can reach up to 3 feet above the water interfering with boat traffic. It spreads surface. Flowers are produced from by seeds, root fragments and rhizomes, summer to fall, depending on the depth Laurel Baldwin can be reached through the which can be dispersed by water, boat- of the water. Flowers produce beaked Whatcom County Noxious Weed Control Board. 901 W. Smith Road, Bellingham, ing equipment and . This plant fruit, about ½ inch long. Some flowering rush plants do not produce flowers, mak- WA 98226. Phone: 360.354.3990 is still also used in gardens. Flower- http://www.co.whatcom.wa.us/publicworks/ ing it difficult to identify. Flowering rush ing rush is difficult to control, whether weeds spreads vegetatively by means of fleshy

Can You Dig It? .....your extra plants for our annual plant sale, that is. For it’s time to do more than just think about potting all those plant divisions and volunteer seedlings from our gardens. So, put down that coffee cup and leave your cozy kitchen. We need everyone’s help to make the plant sale a success, and we need LOTS of plants to do so. Please start potting up perennials just out of the ground and then some, dormant shrubs and trees, and any plant you would like to donate. If you are potting up day lilies and iris, you MUST have the variety name and flower color, and/or a picture. The sooner the plants are in containers the better they will look by sale time. Be sure to label them clearly, using a pencil to write with, the variety name, color, height, and so on. White plant tags are available at the office and greenhouse. If at all possible, we ask that you store them at your home until the plant sale set-up day. There are assorted pot sizes and compost at the greenhouse to use for this. If you need to bring your plants to the greenhouse to pot, you may do so. If you need assistance digging and potting, call the Diane Rapoza hotline to get help. If you have the time and ener- gy, maybe once or twice, to assist others to dig their plants, call Diane also. She can direct you on how and where to do this. You can do this with a car or a truck. If you do not have a yard or plants to donate, there will be two potting parties at Karen Gilliam’s house March 22 and 29, from 9 a.m. ‘til noon. Helping pot at these will fulfill your donation requirement. We’re counting on EVERYONE! So, why are you still sitting there reading the Weeder’s Digest? Get out there and get potting!!!

 Weeder’s Digest Plant Sale — May 6, 2006 It’s time to start thinking about the plant sale again. Healthy plant donations are always in need. Please start potting them now so they have time to establish and grow in the pots. If you have a ton of plants to donate, or if you are ill or injured, and need help digging the plants for donation please call Diane. She will try to find people to help you. Also call Diane if you are willing to help dig plants for your fellow Master Gardener.

Other Master Gardener Plant sale jobs that need to be filled are: • Advertising Coordinator and team members • Thursday Set-up and Design of sal • Seminar presenter (See David Simonson) • Table Managers (See Linda Bergquist) • Checkers (See Mary Foster) • Cashiers (See Christine Morris) • Holding Area • Information Booth (See Dick Steele) • Traffic Control • Compost (See Joyce Jimerson) • Clean-up.

Please sign up ASAP. Even though the sale isn’t until May 6 we would like to have our rosters filled out so that we can better train you in your job. Look for changes in this year’s sale. We will have more mini seminars. If you would like to make a 10 to 15 minute garden presentation, contact David Simonson. Silent Auctions will take place throughout the day. If you have a donation of a garden related item or a specialty plant contact Linda Bergquist. Joyce will again be doing an outstanding job with compost and will be including rain barrel making this year. The NW Recyclers will have a hop- per at the plant sale to recycle plastic pots. Please pass the word to all your friends that this is where they need to come to get rid of all their old pots. Thank you for your support and thank you for your donations. This year’s sale looks like it’s going to be the best yet!

Garden Friends & Foes Continued from page 5 course of action related to this insect, but will carry out surveys in the Cawston area during the adult flight period this summer (2006) to determine the distribution of this pest. A Pest Risk Assessment (PRA) by the CFIA has been initiated and the quarantine status of the pest is under review. So, keep an eye on your backyard plants from the Rosaceae family and take a second look at those ‘wasps’ you see, do they have a big orangey-red band across their body? If so you might have the notorious unforeseen op- portunity to be the first in Whatcom County to collect a new pest species to North America! Although the photo at the beginning is the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), it bears a striking resemblance to the red- belted clearwing moth, Synanthedon myopae- formis.

“Just living is not enough,” said the but- terfly. One must have sunshine, freedom, and a little flower.” Photographer: K.K. Schlamp - Hans Christian Andersen Watch for sucker growth at the base of trees and flagging in the tree canopy, close examination of tree base could reveal gummosis/resinosis caused by exit holes. whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener  Washington State University Whatcom County Master Gardeners 1000 N. Forest Street, Suite 201

Bellingham WA 98225

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