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Novel Observations of Peroxiredoxin-2 Profile and Protein Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2018 Novel observations of peroxiredoxin-2 profile and protein oxidation in skeletal muscle from pigs of differing residual feed intake and health status Brian Michael Patterson Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Patterson, Brian Michael, "Novel observations of peroxiredoxin-2 profile and protein oxidation in skeletal muscle from pigs of differing residual feed intake and health status" (2018). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16649. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16649 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Novel observations of peroxiredoxin-2 profile and protein oxidation in skeletal muscle from pigs of differing residual feed intake and health status by Brian Michael Patterson A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Meat Science Program of Study Committee: Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan, Major Professor Steven M. Lonergan Nicholas K. Gabler The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship within was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2018 Copyright © Brian Michael Patterson, 2018. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ xii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1 Literature Cited .............................................................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Lawsonia intracellularis ......................................... 5 Residual Feed Intake and Biological Efficiency ........................................................... 6 Residual Feed Intake and Reactive Oxygen Species ..................................................... 8 Reactive Oxygen Species ............................................................................................ 11 Reactive Oxygen Species Impact on Tissue........................................................... 13 Reactive Oxygen Species as Signaling Molecules ................................................. 14 Hydrogen Peroxide ................................................................................................. 14 Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase ............................................................. 16 Protein Oxidation ......................................................................................................... 18 Protein Carbonylation............................................................................................. 19 Diagonal Gel Electrophoresis ................................................................................. 20 Antioxidant Proteins Implications for the Live Animal .............................................. 22 Peroxiredoxins ............................................................................................................. 24 Structure ................................................................................................................. 25 Catalytic Cycle ....................................................................................................... 25 Fully Folded vs. Locally Unfolded Conformations................................................ 29 Classification Based on Reactive Cysteine Number .............................................. 30 Quaternary Structure of Peroxiredoxins ................................................................. 30 Gel-based Methods on Measuring Peroxiredoxins ................................................ 32 Peroxiredoxin-2 ........................................................................................................... 33 Peroxiredoxin-2 and Human Health ....................................................................... 33 Peroxiredoxin-2 and Livestock Oxidative Stress Response ................................... 36 Peroxiredoxin-2 and Meat Quality Implications .................................................... 38 Other Peroxiredoxins in Meat Quality ................................................................... 40 Summary ...................................................................................................................... 41 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................ 41 iii CHAPTER 3. NOVEL OBSERVATIONS OF PEROXIREDOXIN-2 PROFILE AND PROTEIN OXIDATION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE FROM PIGS OF DIFFERING RESIDUAL FEED INTAKE AND HEALTH STATUS ........................... 54 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 54 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 55 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................ 57 Animals, Treatment, and Experimental Design ..................................................... 57 Pig Inoculation and Sample Collection .................................................................. 58 Sarcoplasmic Protein Extraction and Sample Preparation ..................................... 59 One-Dimensional SDS-PAGE ............................................................................... 60 Gel Transfer ............................................................................................................ 61 Western Blotting..................................................................................................... 61 Carbonyl Content Assay ......................................................................................... 63 Diagonal Gel Electrophoresis ................................................................................. 64 Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Western Blotting ............................ 65 Statistical Analysis ................................................................................................. 66 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................ 66 Health Challenge Response and Growth performance........................................... 66 Protein Oxidation ................................................................................................... 68 Peroxiredoxin-2 Profile .......................................................................................... 72 Correlations ............................................................................................................ 79 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 80 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 82 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................ 82 Tables and Figures ....................................................................................................... 88 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS .................................................................. 112 Literature Cited .......................................................................................................... 113 iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 2.1 Residual feed intake (RFI) is calculated based on expected average daily gain and back fat deposition. More efficient pigs that eat less than expected have low residual feed intake, while their less efficient, high residual feed intake counterparts eat more than expected for the same amount of body weight gain. ........................................................................ 10 Figure 2.2 Graphical depiction of the effect of selection for the Iowa State University model for residual feed intake (RFI). Low RFI selection was conducted over 10 generations, while selection for high RFI was conducted over 6 generations following 4 generations of random selection. At the 10th generation, the LRFI line had 241 g/d lower RFI (Hsu et al., 2015). ........................................................................................
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