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Mediernas Gestaltning Av Ishockey

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Examensarbete 15 hp – Journalistik Mediernas gestaltning av ishockey. En kvantitativ studie om Aftonbladets rapportering om SM-slutspelen i SDHL och SHL 2017, 2018 och 2019. Författare: Josefin Petersson Handledare: Britt-Marie Ringfjord Examinator: Kristoffer Holt Termin: HT20 Ämne: Journalistik Nivå: Kandidat Abstract Author: Josefin Petersson Title: Medias configuration of ice hockey, a quantitative study of Aftonbladets coverage about the playoff in Swedish Women´s Hockey League and Swedish Hockey League 2017, 2018 and 2019. Location: Linnaeus University Language: Swedish Number of pages: 44 Sweden has both the Swedish Women´s Hockey League and Swedish Hockey League, both play the sport ice hockey but the gender is different. In this quantitative study, I want to analyze if Aftonbladets coverage of the playoff in Swedish Women´s Hockey League and Swedish Hockey League 2017, 2018, and 2019 is the same, or if the different genders affect the coverage in some ways. Today there is more coverage about men playing the sport than women, according to the database Retrievers material which this study is based on. This study analyzes 139 articles, 19 about the playoff in Swedish Women´s Hockey League and 120 about the playoff in Swedish Hockey League. To strengthen this study three different theories were used when the result was analyzed, framing theory, gender theory, and the theory about news evaluation and news selection. There is not much previous research on Swedish media coverage on this topic, while the research field about American media coverage is much broader. Seen from an international perspective and considering the world ranking, the Swedish women´s national team is ranked 9 out of 40 teams compared with the Swedish men´s national team that is ranked 4 out of 54 teams. The Swedish women´s team is ranked lower, but they both are on the top 10 of the lists. The question is, if Aftonbladet reports differently depending on which league it is about. This could give the reader negative stereotypes about the leagues. This study can therefore show that there is an uneven reporting between the Swedish Women´s Hockey League and Swedish Hockey League. The result of the study shows a difference between the coverage of the Swedish Women´s Hockey League and the Swedish Hockey League in Aftonbladet. The study shows for example that there are more men who write about the Swedish Women´s Hockey League than women who write about the Swedish Hockey League. Besides that many of the results were quite similar, in order to see if the differences occur every season, a bigger amount of material and more seasons need to be analyzed. In order to draw the conclusion that the result is representative for all seasons. Especially considering the small amount of material that has been analyzed about the Swedish Women´s Hockey League in this study. Nyckelord Ishockey, genus, gestaltning, nyhetsvärdering, SDHL, SHL, Aftonbladet, SM-slutspel. i Innehåll 1 Introduktion och problembakgrund _____________________________________ 1 2 Litteraturgranskning _________________________________________________ 2 2.1 "The Canadian State of Mind" _______________________________________ 2 2.2 "The State Of Sport Photojournalism" _________________________________ 2 2.3 "Diversifying the Sports Department" _________________________________ 3 2.4 "The Invisible Woman?" ___________________________________________ 3 2.5 "Women reporting sport: Still a man´s game?" __________________________ 4 2.6 Gestaltningsteori __________________________________________________ 4 2.7 Genusteori _______________________________________________________ 6 2.8 Nyhetsvärdering och nyheturval ______________________________________ 8 3 Syfte _______________________________________________________________ 9 3.1 Frågeställningar _________________________________________________ 10 4 Metod _____________________________________________________________ 10 4.1 Kvantitativ innehållsanalys_________________________________________ 10 4.2 Variabler _______________________________________________________ 11 4.3 Material och urval ________________________________________________ 12 4.4 Reliabilitet och validitet ___________________________________________ 14 4.5 Forskningsetik __________________________________________________ 15 4.6 Metodkritik _____________________________________________________ 16 5 Resultat ____________________________________________________________ 17 5.1 Forskningsfråga 1 ________________________________________________ 17 5.1.1 Hyllande, kritisk eller neutral rapportering ________________________ 17 5.1.1.1 Hemmalaget ____________________________________________ 19 5.1.1.2 Bortalaget ______________________________________________ 20 5.1.1.3 Enskild spelare __________________________________________ 22 5.1.1.4 Rubrikens inriktning ______________________________________ 23 5.1.1.5 Ingressens inriktning ______________________________________ 24 5.2 Forskningsfråga 2 ________________________________________________ 25 5.2.1 Vem fick komma till tals________________________________________ 25 5.3 Forskningsfråga 3 ________________________________________________ 27 5.3.1 Artikellängd _________________________________________________ 27 5.4 Forskningsfråga 4 ________________________________________________ 28 5.4.1 Förekomsten av bilder _________________________________________ 29 5.4.2 Typ av bilder ________________________________________________ 30 5.4.3 Vem eller vad gestaltades på bilderna ____________________________ 32 5.5 Forskningsfråga 5 ________________________________________________ 33 5.5.1 Journalistens kön _____________________________________________ 33 6 Analys och diskussion ________________________________________________ 34 6.1 Övervägande del hyllande rapportering om både SDHL och SHL __________ 35 6.2 Spelare kommer oftast till tals i både SDHL och SHL____________________ 35 6.3 Långa och få artiklar eller korta och många artiklar _____________________ 36 6.4 Det är oftast en bild i både SDHL och SHL ____________________________ 37 6.5 Manliga kan skriva om båda, kvinnliga skriver oftast om SDHL ___________ 39 6.6 Sammanfattning _________________________________________________ 41 ii Referenser ___________________________________________________________ 43 Bilagor _______________________________________________________________ I Bilaga A: Kodbok _____________________________________________________ I Bilaga B: Kodningsmanual ____________________________________________ III Bilaga C: Förteckning över artiklar _____________________________________ IV iii 1 Introduktion och problembakgrund I Sverige finns både dam- och herrishockey och båda spelar i varsin högsta liga. De utövar samma sport, men är nyhetsrapporteringen i Aftonbladet likvärdig under SM- slutspelen 2017, 2018 och 2019 eller påverkas rapporteringen av spelarnas kön? Det finns betydligt fler artiklar om herrarna än om damerna och frågan är om det finns andra skillnader i Aftonbladets rapportering? MacArthur et al. (2017) kartlägger i sin forskning att det under de Olympiska spelen 2014 rapporterades avsevärt mer om manliga än kvinnliga deltagare. I studien kom de fram till att 61,2 procent av rapporteringen handlade om manliga idrottsutövare. Med det här som utgångspunkt vill jag undersöka om Aftonbladet gjorde skillnad i sin rapportering, om SM-slutspelen 2017, 2018 och 2019 när det gäller Svenska Dam Hockey Ligan (SDHL) och Svenska Hockey Ligan (SHL). Studien är kvantitativ och undersöker hur Aftonbladet gestaltade dam- och herrishockeyn under SM-slutspelen de tre åren. I undersökningen analyserades nyhetsartiklar och tillhörande bilder som publicerades under SM-slutspelen de aktuella åren. Sett ur ett internationellt perspektiv och i enlighet med IIHF:s (International Ice Hockey Federation) världsranking på dam- och herrlandslag i ishockey, ligger det svenska damlandslaget på plats 9 av totalt 40 lag. Det svenska herrlandslaget ligger på plats 4 av totalt 54 lag (IIHF, 2020). Damerna är rankade lägre, men båda är med på topp 10. Utifrån världsrankningen borde det rapporteras tre gånger så mycket om SHL jämfört med SDHL. Enligt studiens urval på 685 artiklar rapporteras det sju gånger mer om herrarna än om damerna. Förhållandet borde egentligen utifrån världsrankningen vara 33 procent, respektive 66 procents förekomsten i rapporteringen. Studiens samhällsrelevans och allmänintresse bottnar i att undersöka om Aftonbladet rapporterar på olika sätt, beroende på om artiklarna handlar om SDHL eller SHL. En snedfördelad rapportering i media kan bidra till negativa stereotyper hos läsaren, vad det gäller dam respektive herr ishockey. Studien bidrar därmed till att belysa den ojämna rapporteringen mellan SDHL och SHL. Aftonbladet som studieobjekt och urvalram motiveras av att de, enligt Orvesto Internet och Orvesto Konsument (2020) har 202 miljoner sidvisningar på sin hemsida varje vecka. Jämfört med Expressens 74 miljoner sidvisningar per vecka enligt Orvesto Konsument (2020). 1 2 Litteraturgranskning Studiens ämne är relativt outforskat, speciellt inom svenska medier och svensk ishockey. Studier som gjorts tidigare analyserar amerikanska medier, det här gör denna studie inomvetenskapligt relevant. Litteraturgranskningen baseras på fem vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från ledande tidskrifter inom det journalistiska fältet samt relevanta teorier, gestaltningsteori, genusteori, nyhetsvärdering och nyhetsurval. 2.1 ”The Canadian State of Mind” I ”The Canadian State of Mind: Coverage of Men and Woman Athletes
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