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Le Niébé Vigna Unguiculatu Dans Les Systèmes De Cu Lture Du Niger

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Le Niébé Vigna Unguiculatu Dans Les Systèmes De Cu Lture Du Niger lli®~ 1 Jl®~~J]},(~J~®~ @Jlitlliôl®IB°l0éIDJ1Ir®~ ®IB J&jfJrii(illlill® 1905 Les légumineuses alimentaires en Afrique Colloque organisé par l'université de Niamey du 19 au 22 novembre 1985 En collaboration avec: - L' Association des universités partiellement et en ti èrement de langue française (AU PELF) - La Commission des commun autés européennes (CEE) - Le Centre de rec herches pour le développement intern ati ona l (C ROI ) du Canada - Le Centre tec hnique de coopérati on ag ri co le du royaume des Pays-Bas (CTA) - L'Office all emand de coopérati on tec hnique GTZ - L' UNESCO - L' Agence de coopérati on culturelle et tec hnique - Coordination sc ientifique du Co ll oque Jacques HUIGNARD Professeur à l'Université de Tours Les textes publiés ne sauraient engager la responsabilité de l'AUPELF ni celle des institutions auxquelles appartiennent leurs auteurs. ISBN 2-920021-27-3 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec Bibliothèque nationale du Canada © Octobre 1987 Remerciements Les participants au colloque sur Les légumineµses alimentaires en Afrique. réunis à Niamey du 19 au 22 novembre 1985 adressent leurs vifs et sincères remerciements au Général de Brigade, Président du Conseil militaire suprême. Président du Conseil des ministres, Chef de l'État. son Excellence Monsieur Seyni Kountche, au Gouvernement et au peuple de la République du Niger pour avoir accepté d'abriter la présente rencontre à Niamey. pour l'accueil très honorable qui leur a été réservé et pour les moyens mis à leur disposition pour le succès de ce colloque. A. A.f l:E de Oci::u1 .. ::1lltla Table des matières SÉANCE D'OUVERTURE - Allocution de bienvenue de Monsieur Abdou Hamani. recteur de l'Université de Niamey . 11 - Allocution de Monsieur Nazaire N' Nouka. représentant de l'AUPELF... .... ........ ............. .. ... ...... 13 - Allocution de Monsieur le Ministre de !'Éducation nationale. de I' Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche du Niger . 15 - Allocution de Monsieur T. S. KABRE. président du Comité scien- tifique interafricain de technologie post-récolte . 17 LE COLLOQUE - Présentation du colloque 22 Thème 1: Les légumineuses alimentaires en Afrique - La culture associée céréale-légumineuse. Systèmes traditionnels et possibilités d'intensification en milieu tropical. par J. P. Baudoin et R. Maréchal . 27 - Intérêt de l introduction et de la domestication de m~uvelles espèces dans les régions sahéliennes. Le cas de cordeauxia edulis. par J. Miège . 34 - Le point des recherches sur les systèmes de cultures associées maïs• légumineuses dans l'ouest du Cameroun. par P. Salez . 40 - L'amélioration du niébé (vigna unguiculata) (L) Malp au Niger de 1959 à 1984, par 1. M. Magah. .. 47 - Le niébé vigna unguiculatu dans les systèmes de cu lture du Niger. par K . C. Reddy et A. Oumara . 52 - Les recherches effectuées à l'Institut international d'agriculture tropicale (IITA) sur l'amélioration du niébé (vigna unguiculata). par BR. Ntare . 59 - Le voandzou (1 •oand:eia subterrw1ea L.). Son importance au Mali. Les problèmes posés par sa culture. par 0. Kodio . 66 - Recherches sur la morphogenèse de la pousse annuelle chez les légumineuses arborescentes, par L. F. Haba . 75 5 - La production des légumineuses alimentaires au Rwanda. par P. N yabyenda . 79 - Répartition des niébés entre Mandara et Logone <Cameroun). par R. Pasquet . 87 - Rapport de synthèse. par J. Miège et R. Maréchal . 93 Thème 2: L'importance des légumineuses dans l'alimentation en Afrique - Place des légumineuses dans l'alimentation humaine en Afrique. par J. C. Dillon . 97 - Contribution à l'étude de la valeur nutritive de quelques légumineuses en Afrique centrale: cas de psophocarpus scandens. spheno.wylis stenocarpa. plwseo/us /1111at11s. par P. M. L. Onyembe et K. Kembola....................... 106 - Contribution à l'étude de vigna 1·exillata: biologie florale et valeur nutritive des tubercules. par N. Luyindula. P. M. L. Onyembe. L. Karabaranga. K. Kembola. N. Mbaya .............................................. 119 - Les facteurs toxiques des graines de légumineuses. parJ. Miège ............................................ 125 - Consommation des légumineuses cultivées au Congo. parT. Kinkela .......................................... 131 - État sanitaire des légumineuses alimentaires vendues sur les marchés en Côte d'ivoire, par K. Foua-Bi. K. Bekon. 138 - Utilisation et transfonnation des légumineuses alimentaires au Sénégal. Expériences et perspectives. par M. Diouf. 143 - Rapport de synthèse, par P. M. L. Onyembe et J. C. Dillon ....................... 148 Thème 3: Les ravageurs des légumineuses alimentaires - Les micro-organismes pathogènes du niébé vigna 1111gùic11/ata au Niger, par T. Adam et C. Oum . 153 - Quelques aspects de la biologie du macrophomina phaseolina. Parasite du nébé (vigna unguiculata) au Niger, par T. Adam ......................... '................... 156 - Échanges de populations de ravageurs entre végétation naturelle et légumineuses alimentaires en Afrique, par Y. Gillon et G. Germani . 163 6 - Observations écologiques sur les pucerons du haricot et du pois au Burun~i et perspectives de lutte biologique. par A. Autrique. G. Remaudière. P. Stary .................... 176 - Étude de la densité et de la dynamique des populations dïnsectes rencontrés sur sept variétés de niébé au Burkina Faso. par A. P. Ouedraogo . 179 - Les coléoptères bruchidae nuisibles aux légumineuses alimentaires cultivées dans la région afrotropicale. par J. E. Decelle . 188 - La protection des légumineuses contre les bruches. terrain de pré­ dilection des solutions écologiques. par V. Labeyrie .................... .' . 201 - Activité reproductrice et développement d"une espèce de Bruchidae bruchidius atrolineatus dans les cultures de niébé associées ou non au mil, par J. Huignard, 1. Alzouma. B. Leroi. 205 - Étude de la dynamique de deux populations de bruchidae bruchidius atrolineatus et callosobruc/ws maculatus dans un système traditionnel de stockage au Niger, par J.F. Germain et J. P. Monge ........................... 217 - Étude des fluctuations des populations de bruchidae bruchidius atro­ lineatus et callosobruchus maculatus dans les stocks de l'igna 1111- guiculata au Togo, par 1. Glitho et Y. Nuto. 224 - Dynamique de la contamination des graines de phaseolus 1•11/garis par la bruche du haricot acamlwscelides obtectus dans un stock et migration des adultes hors de ce stock. Quelques éléments pour la protection des cultures et des récoltes de haricot. par M. Jarry . 230 - Analyse comparée de différentes populations de la bruche du haricot acanthoscelides obtectus dans l'aire d'extension de cette espèce: Importance adaptative, par J. C. Biémont, 1. Butare, P. Garaud ..................... 239 - Analyse de l'évolution des populations de clllyedon serratus sur Bauhinia rufescens au Niger. par D. Pierre. 246 - Étude de la reproduction de deux espèces de bruchidae clllyedon serratus et caryedon congense. Analyse des possibilités de conta­ mination des gousses d'arachide (arachis hypogaea) au Congo. par N. N'Kouka et D. N'Dioulou........................... 252 - Le stockage des légumineuses en milieux villageois traditionnels en Côte d'ivoire, par A. Pollet. 260 7 - Évaluation des pertes causées par les insectes aux graines de légu­ mineuses stockées. par G. Pierrard . 268 - Inventaire des méthodes traditionnelles de conservation du niébé (vigna tmguiculata) au Niger. par S. D. Maïga . 274 - L'emploi des feuilles d'lbora riparia pour la conservation des lé­ gumineuses alimentaires, par Luc Van Puyvelde . 281 - L'utilisation de l'huile de neem (a:adirachta indica A.) dans la protection du niébé (l'igna 1111g11ic11/ara) contre callosobruchus maculatus, par M. Dreyer. 284 - Effet des feuilles vertes de Boscia senegalensis sur la biologie de bruchidius atrolineatus et de callosobruchus maculatus ravageurs des graines de niébé vigna unguiculata, par 1. Alzouma. A. Boubacar . 288 - Méthodes traditionnelles de stockage du niébé (l'igna 1111g11iculata) au Togo, par W. Zehrer . 296 - Allocution de clôture, par Bernard Knockaert . 301 Annexes - Propositions des participants au colloque sur les légumineuses ali­ mentaires en Afrique . 307 - Recommandations à l'organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA) .... 312 - Liste des participants . 313 8 Séance d'ouverture Allocution de bienvenue de Monsieur Abdou Hamani Recteur de l'Université de Niamey - Messieurs les Ministres, - Monsieur le Représentant du Secrétaire général de l'AUPELF. - Chers collègues, - Mesdames, Messieurs, C'est avec beaucoup de cordialité que nous vous souhaitons la bienvenue à l'Université de Niamey. Nous vous sommes reconnaissants de l'honneur que vous avez bien voulu faire à notre institution en choisissant d'y venir. L'événement qui nous réunit tire sa signification. me semble-t-il. d'un profond besoin d'échanges et de concertations. Cette conviction commune me paraît soutenir l'à-propos et lintérêt du thème soumis ~t notre examen: la conservation des légumineuses alimentaires en Afrique. Il est bon de rappeler, Mesdames, Messieurs, qu'aucun pays africain ne dispose, à l'heure actuelle, d'un inventaire complet des méthodes tradi­ tionnelles de conservation des denrées alimentaires. Les solutions préconisées çà et là ne dépassent guère le cadre des frontières nationales par insuffisance des échanges d'expériences entre pays. De ce fait, ce colloque a un but précis: il est destiné à faire mieux connaître ce que représente l'effort de recherche à l'ensemble des personnes qu'il concerne, dans la sphère politique, dans les mondes économique.
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