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Het Versierde Woord Het versierde woord De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620 Nicoline van der Sijs bron Nicoline van der Sijs (ed.), Het versierde woord. De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620. Contact, Amsterdam / Antwerpen 1999. Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/sijs002vers01_01/colofon.htm © 2007 dbnl / Nicoline van der Sijs Het versierde woord De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620 Nicoline van der Sijs bron Nicoline van der Sijs (ed.), Het versierde woord. De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620. Contact, Amsterdam / Antwerpen 1999. codering DBNL-TEI 1 dbnl-nr sijs002vers01_01 logboek - 2007-11-27 DH colofon toegevoegd verantwoording gebruikt exemplaar eigen exemplaar dbnl algemene opmerkingen Dit bestand biedt, behoudens een aantal hierna te noemen ingrepen, een diplomatische weergave van Het versierde woord. De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620 zoals heruitgegeven door Nicoline van der Sijs in 1999. redactionele ingrepen Bij de omzetting van de gebruikte bron naar deze publicatie in de dbnl is een aantal delen van de tekst niet overgenomen. Hieronder volgen de tekstgedeelten die wel in het origineel voorkomen maar hier uit de lopende tekst zijn weggelaten. Ook de blanco pagina's (p. 6, 8 en 40) zijn niet opgenomen in de lopende tekst. [pagina 1] Het versierde woord [pagina 3] Nicoline van der Sijs HET VERSIERDE WOORD De Epitheta of woordcombinaties van Anthoni Smyters uit 1620 1999 Uitgeverij Contact Amsterdam/Antwerpen [pagina 4] Deel 1 van een reeks heruitgaven onder redactie van Nicoline van der Sijs Met speciale dank aan Hans Geluk, Marianne Göbel en Piet Verhoeff. Alle rechten voorbehouden Copyright Nicoline van der Sijs Omslagontwerp Zeno, Amsterdam Typografie Sander Pinkse Boekproductie, Amsterdam isbn 90 254 9833 7 d/1999/0108/628 nugi 943 [pagina 7] Inhoud Leven en werk van Anthoni Smyters 9 Anthoni Smyters 9 De Epitheta 12 Encyclopedische informatie 15 Het voorbeeld: Maurice de la Porte 17 Taalopbouw en taalzuivering 19 Bij de heruitgave 22 Gevolgde werkwijze en dankbetuigingen 22 Opgenomen woorden 22 Omspelling 22 Betekenis 23 Hertaling 25 Zet- en spelfouten 25 De onderdelen van de lemmata 25 De trefwoorden en verwijzingen van Smyters 26 Twee varianten van het trefwoord 27 Uniek 27 Literatuur 29 Enige sonnetten van Smyters 32 Het voorwoord van Smyters 34 Titelpagina van de Epitheta met hertaling 39 De heruitgave van de Epitheta van Smyters 41 2 Nicoline van der Sijs, Het versierde woord 5 Voorwoord Deze uitgave is de eerste in een nieuwe reeks heruitgaven die verschijnt bij Het Taalfonds van Uitgeverij Contact. In deze reeks zullen boeiende werken over taal toegankelijk worden gemaakt voor een algemeen publiek. Het gaat daarbij om gedrukte werken die verschenen zijn in de periode vanaf de zestiende eeuw, de renaissance, tot begin twintigste eeuw. Vele publicaties uit het verleden hebben nog steeds waarde, omdat zij interessante culturele of taalkundige informatie geven, een treffend tijdsbeeld schetsen of gewoonweg curieus zijn. Voor een groter publiek bestaan al wel heruitgaven van literaire werken en geïllustreerde non-fictiewerken, maar boeken over taal en cultuur zijn eigenlijk alleen beschikbaar in een beperkt aantal uitgaven voor specialisten. De boeken die in de reeks heruitgaven uitkomen, zullen voorafgegaan worden door een moderne inleiding over auteur en werk, geschreven door een kenner. Alle heruitgaven worden in meerdere of mindere mate bewerkt om ze toegankelijk te maken. Jongere werken worden in principe omgespeld naar de moderne spelling. Oudere werken worden meestal zowel omgespeld als hertaald. Omspellen houdt in dat de woorden, volgens goed lexicografisch gebruik, geciteerd worden in de moderne spelling; dus zeventiende-eeuws keersse wordt kaars. Bij het omspellen wordt het Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal als richtlijn gebruikt. Waar nodig wordt aan de omgespelde woorden een betekenisaanduiding toegevoegd. Vaak is omspellen niet voldoende om oudere teksten toegankelijk te maken, want zoals de Britse schrijver L.P. Hartley treffend heeft opgemerkt: ‘Het verleden is een ver land; het gaat daar anders toe.’ Niemand vindt het vreemd dat Franse, Deense of Russische literatuur voor ons niet zomaar begrijpelijk is, maar velen beseffen niet dat hetzelfde geldt voor Nederlandse teksten uit de zeventiende eeuw. Daarom is hertalen vaak noodzakelijk. Dit houdt in dat de tekst vertaald wordt naar modern Nederlands, dat wil zeggen dat de tekst niet alleen wordt omgespeld, maar dat ook de zinsstructuur, woordvolgorde, gebruikte voornaamwoorden e.d. aangepast worden aan het moderne gebruik. Daarbij wordt echter zo min mogelijk ingegrepen om het karakter van de tekst zoveel mogelijk intact te houden, zodat ook vakgenoten met deze heruitgaven hun voordeel kunnen doen. Voor deze vakgenoten, die toegang hebben tot de oorspronkelijke teksten, zorgen wij dat de tekst controleerbaar is. Daarom heb ik bijvoorbeeld bij de heruitgave van Smyters tussen haakjes het trefwoord vermeld zoals Smyters het spelde. Zo kunnen de lezers bovendien de procedure bij het omspellen beoordelen. Ik hoop dat deze serie van aan de vergetelheid ontrukte boeken de lezers veel plezier en kennis zal bezorgen. Nicoline van der Sijs Nicoline van der Sijs, Het versierde woord 9 Leven en werk van Anthoni Smyters Anthoni Smyters In onze kennis van het leven van Anthoni of Anthonius Smyters zitten allerlei witte vlekken. Uit de verschillende bronnen (zie literatuur) is het volgende bekend. Smyters is in Antwerpen geboren en vermeldt dat ook nadrukkelijk in zijn werken: ‘Anthoni Smyters van Antwerpen.’ Wanneer hij geboren werd is onbekend, waarschijnlijk rond 1545. Hij is in Amsterdam gestorven, maar de sterfdatum is onzeker: ergens tussen juli 1625 - toen verscheen nog een lofdicht van hem in een werk van Zacharias Heyns - en februari 1626. De naam Smyters zal uitgesproken zijn als Smieters. Dat blijkt uit de doopakte van zijn dochter Anna uit 1571. In deze akte werd de vader namelijk Smiters genoemd. Smyters, die tot de welgestelde Antwerpse burgers behoorde, was schoolmeester en gaf van 1566 tot eind 1584 in Antwerpen les, met een onderbreking in 1571. In dat jaar verbleef hij in het nabijgelegen Lier. Misschien was dat omdat de grond hem te heet onder de voeten werd: in deze periode kreeg hij namelijk tijdelijk een onderwijsverbod vanwege zijn hervormingsgezindheid. Kennelijk was hij gereformeerd, want later, in 1622, bestemde hij bij testament een bedrag voor de armen van de Amsterdamse gereformeerde kerk. Smyters was lid van het Antwerpse schoolmeestersgilde van Sint-Ambrosius en in 1583-1584 was hij zelfs deken van dit gilde. Een ander lid van dit gilde was Peeter Heyns (1537-1598), wiens leven nauw met dat van Smyters verbonden was. Zij waren collega-leraren, hielden zich beiden bezig met het schrijven en vertalen van boeken - Heyns schreef onder andere het belangrijke schoolboekje Cort onderwys van de acht deelen der Françoischer talen - en waren ook in de privésfeer nauw gelieerd. Jacques, de zoon van Heyns, ging namelijk bij Smyters school, terwijl Anneke of Anna, de dochter van Smyters, bij Heyns onderwijs genoot (waarschijnlijk had Heyns een meisjesschool en Smyters een jongensschool). Dit leidde tot iets moois, want later, in 1595, trouwden Anneke en Jacques met elkaar in Amsterdam. Het einde van de zestiende eeuw was een slechte periode om in Zuid-Nederland te wonen: midden in de Tachtigjarige Oorlog (1568-1648) en midden in een tijd met veel godsdiensttwisten. Nadat Antwerpen in 1585 door de Spanjaarden was bezet, vluchtten velen van het zuiden naar Noord-Nederland. In deze periode (wanneer is onzeker) voegde ook Smyters zich bij de stroom vluchtelingen. We weten niet waarheen hij ging, maar in 1590 duikt hij weer op: hij is dan onderwijzer in Hamburg en hij krijgt daar een zoon, Jan (Hans) Anthonisz geheten, die later net als zijn vader schoolmeester in Amsterdam wordt. In 1600 blijkt Smyters zich in Amsterdam gevestigd te hebben. Ook Peeter Heyns vluchtte, eerst naar Duitsland en vervolgens naar Haarlem. Zijn zoon, de Nicoline van der Sijs, Het versierde woord 10 drukker en schrijver Zacharias Heyns, ging net als Smyters naar Amsterdam. Uit het feit dat Smyters verschillende lofdichten in werk van Zacharias Heyns schreef, blijkt dat de twee vriendschappelijke betrekkingen onderhielden. Zacharias was een van de oudste leden van de Brabantse rederijkerskamer Het Wit Lavendel te Amsterdam, die omstreeks 1585 opgericht was door uit het zuiden gevluchte schrijvers. Waarschijnlijk was ook Smyters lid van deze rederijkerskamer. In Amsterdam hield Smyters school en onderwees de jeugd, naar eigen zeggen, in goede zeden, Frans, de schrijfkunst, de rekenkunst en boekhouden. In deze periode publiceerde hij een aantal werken. De meeste hiervan verschenen bij de Rotterdamse drukker en uitgever Jan van Waesberghe. Deze kwam net als Smyters uit Antwerpen, waarvandaan hij in 1585 gevlucht was; zijn vader, die eveneens Jan van Waesberghe heette, had een uitgeverij in Antwerpen en volgde in 1589 zijn zoon naar Rotterdam. Een belangrijk onderdeel van het Rotterdamse fonds waren de leerboekjes, vooral voor de Franse scholen en dikwijls geschreven door van origine Zuid-Nederlandse leraren. Smyters paste dus prima in dit fonds. Het oudst bekende werk van Smyters is geen gedrukt boek maar een handschrift, en er bestaat dus maar één exemplaar van. Het is een schrijfboekje getiteld Een grondlyck formulaerboeck ende getrouwe onderrichtinge
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