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An economic geography of consumer movement and expenditure patterns in county Durham
Jensen-Butler, Christopher N.
How to cite: Jensen-Butler, Christopher N. (1970) An economic geography of consumer movement and expenditure patterns in county Durham, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10388/
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2 AN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF CONSUMER MOVEMENT
AND EXPENDITURE PATTERNS IN COUNTY DURHAM.
DIAGRAMS
To accompany a Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the University of Durham.
CHRISTOPHER N. JENSEN - BUTLER. B.A.
December 1970.
The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.
No quotation from it should be published without
his prior written consent and information derived
from it should be acknowledged.
i6,Ji]L.i°e4 Percentages of household bijdgets 36 used for various items. 1967 -By household income
32 (a) one man, one womap households, 28
Ik food
20
16
^ transpt. housing 12 services durables clothing
—- fuel
I 12.5 17.5 25 35 Household income £
(b) all households
32
food 24
°/ 'o
transpt. 16
— services housing clot ling
duribles fuel
0 9 • 12.5 17.5 23.5 27.5 • 32.5 37.5 T5
SOURCE-FE.S. Household income £ ( WEEKLY ) 1.
1898 MURTON-- MORPHOLOGY.
housing : 1967 only
m predominantly pre 1900 ward boundary
I I pred. 1900-39 council railway
pred. 1900-39 private, pit area
pred. post 1945 council ov. bvens w : Wood's Terrace ] pred. post 1945 private
1 other settlements
Cold Hesteden
Easingtbn Lane Hawthorn mine INCOME GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTERNS: MURTON.
90 meat (b)
50 INDEPENDENTS CO-OP MULTIPLES percent of households
90
groceries
50
B C D E FG-H B C 0 E FG-H B C D E FG-H
SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTERNS: MUR TON,
90 meat (a)
50 INDEPENDENTS percent CO-OP MULTIPLES of households
100 groceries
50
socio 0 economic 1-6 8 9 10 17 18-21 1-6 8 9 10 1718-21 1-6 8 9 10 17 18-21 group: HOUSEHOLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND PURCHASE
PATTERNS: MURTON
MURTON 3 COMPETING MURTON 3 COMPLETING CENTRES CENTRES
women's clothing 100
\ men's clothing \ \ \ \ 50 N
7o
0 I I I
100
shoes \ washing machine
\ \ \ \ 50 A
/ / 7o /
0
lOOi furniture hardware
50 N
0 -I—I I I 8 9 10 17 1-6 8 9 10 17 s.e.g.- 1-6 8 9 10 17 1-6 8 9 10 17 HOUSEHOLD INCOME GROUP AND PURCHASE PATTERNS:
MURTON.
MURTON 3 COMPETING MURTON 3 COMPETING CENTRES CENTRES
men's clothing jewellery
100 women's clothing hardware
50
shoes furniture
50
7o
nl B.C.D E FG-H '•'II • income group: B C D E FG-H BCDEFG-H BCD E FG-H CROOK U.D. • WARDS
MT
TOW PLEASANT 5UMNISIDE LAW U. BRANCEPETH
CROOK N
.-•I's ,< WILL.W. I WILLINGTON\ VUM, p
f. \ CROOK S^AVBVHELMIN\ WILL.S. A- CROOK E. --..-.'-"-r^owv B - WHEATBOTTCiM. \ HOWDEN .-..'^«Y-
NEW- FIELD
HUNWICK WITTON LE WEAR NBITCHBN\
NEWTON CA£L^ ^'
SHILDON U.D : WARDS
. ^^•^•/^ YcOUNDOlV. \ I GRANGE WINDLESTONE , » ST. ANDR^,
ELDON AUCKLC A- CENTRAL
B- SUNNYDALE
BYERLEY --/j^f^KLEY
NEWTON AYCLIFFE
MURTON PARISH
SEATON (EASINGTON R.D. )
SEAHAM U.D.
, DALTON LE common key ...>>..-.-:.,DALE
HETTON •••• \
) COLD • / EAST _'.,-'HESLEDOI^- ; EAS. / MURTON/ /---•' 3 miles LANE I HAWTHORN N • centre.
HASWELL r.d. or u.d. boundary ward/pari'ih boundary built up areas: Crook, Shildon, Murton.
7. mmm INCOME GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTE RNS - SHI L DON
Groceries "80 INDEPENDENTS CO-OP 60
^0 MULTIPLES
percent Q of households
Meat 80
60
/iO
20 ncome group; BCDEFG-H BCDEFG-H BCDEFG-H
SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTERNS - SHILDON
80 Groceries
60 INDEPENDENTS CO-OP MULTIPLES
1.0
20
percent 0 of households
Meat
80
60
AO
20
S.E.G.: 1-6 8 9 10 11 1718-21 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 18-21 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 18-21
9. SHILDON 5 COMPETING HOUSEHOLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC CENTRES GROUP AND PURCHASE PATTERNS: all durables SHILDON.
SHILDON 5 COMPETING CENTIRES
80 men's clothing shoes
50
7c
0 hardware lOOl
women's clothing
50j
01
SOi furniture washing machine
Vc
1-6
S.E.G.- 8 9 10 11 17 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 IrS 8 9 10 11 17
10. SHILDON 5 COMPETING HOUSEHOLD INCOME GROUP CENTRES AND PURCHASE PATTERNS SHILDON. 50
SHILDON 5 COMPETING CENTRES
_l I L.
shoes men's clothing
50
7o
hardware
women's clothing
50
7o
0
lOOi furniture
jewellery
50
7o
B C D E F G-H B C D E FG-H B C D E F G-H B C D E F G-H - income group -
11. ID
ri INCOME GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTERNS: CROOK. percent of households
50
meat INDEPENDENTS CO-OP MULTIPLES
0 100
50
groceries
income group: B C D E F G-H B C D E F G-H B C D E F G-H SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE PATTERNS: OROOK
90 percent of households INDEPENDENTS CO-OP MULTIPLES 50
meat
100
50 groceries
socio• economic 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 18-21 -6 8 9 10 11 17 18-21 •6 89 10 11 17 18-21 group:
13. CROOK 90 7 COMPETING CENTRES HOUSEHOLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND PURCHASE alL durables PATTERNS: CROOK.
50
7o CROOK 7 COMPBT NG CENTR ES 10 men's clothing y shoes /_ y /
y 5m
7o
0
100 hardware women's clothing
50
7o
furniture washing machine
50
7o
0 -6. s.e g. 8+9 10 11 17 1-6 8^10 11 17 1-6 8^10 11 17 1-6 8^10 11 CROOK 7 COMPETING HOUSEHOLD INCOME GROUP CENTRES AND PURCHASE PATTERNS CROOK.
all durables ^ ^'
CROOK 7 COMPET NG CENTRES shoes men's clothing
50
7o
0 -»—I—I I
100 hardware women's clothing
50
7o
0 -I 1 L. lOOi
furniture washing machine
50 s N 7«
n I B . C D E FG-H income group: B C D E FG-H B C D E F G-H B C D E F G-H
15. 16. SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUP AND HbuSE HOLD PURCHASE 90 PATTERNS: all durables.
percent of Crook, Murton and households 50 Shildon.
using competitor using local centre
I I—I—I I s.e.g. - 1-6 8 9 10 11 17 1-6 8 9 10 11 17
17. SOCIAL CLASS AND 90 90 HOUSEHOLD PUlRCH- ASE PATTERN^: all durables. percent of households 50 Crook , Murton and Shildon.
using local using connpetitor centre
social class- I II III IV V I II III IV V 18. 80 80 INCOME GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD PURCHASE percent of PATTERNS: households all durables. using local centre using competitor Crook,Murtoij) and Shildon.
mcome group- B C D E F G H B C D E F G H
19. PREDICTED AND ACTUAL INCOME STRUCTURES. 1967.
SHILDON CROOK MURTON
B C D E F G H B C D E F G H
— predicted actual
16. - 19. 51^
• a [!i 0
20. 0 EDi GOB • 8(1(0 it
21. < UJ RELATIONSHIP OF TURNOVER TO SALES AREA : 3 SETTLEMENTS
1,0OOX)00
each point represents 1 retail establish ment
lOQOOO
annual turnover FOOD SHOPS.
10,000 (log scale)
• CROOK o S 1000 HILDON 1,000 10.000 • M URTON sales area: sq. feet (log scale)
RELATIONSHIP OF TURNOVER TO SIZE OF LABOURFORCE : 3 SETTLEMENTS.
100,000
NON FOOD SHOPS annual turnover
10,000
(log scale)
1,000 8
size of labourforce
23. WARDS AND PARISHES USED IN THE ANALYSIS
North Durham
8-4 South Durham ^ N. Durham/ S.Durham -— L.A. boundary
. ward/parish boundary amalgamations
use in conjunction with table A. 30 COUNTY DURI^AM HEIRARCHY CENTRE^
NORTH DURHAM
WASHINGI
STANLEY ®
CHESIER LB ® SI CONSEII HOUGHION LE i .©SPRING I
EAlSINGTON COLLIERY
PEIERLES
CROOK
SPENNYMOOR ® • ©FERRYHILt.
BISHOP AUCKLAND SOUTH DURHAM ® o
SHILDON ®
©NEWION AYCLIFFE f +
CENTRES M
• REGIONAL s ® A LEVEL o B LEVEL • C LEVEL
+ D LEVEL
3 MILES
25. •o c n 32 2 u "3 3 c 61 «> ft> C O 3 3 V) ^ E > > > > a. n UJ «) M W o I t ^ ^ ° I ^ •- ^ o .i < DQ ,0 Q It 2i2 a: X
• • • -«||«| •! II II I I -C
2 O oo o O OOO OO OO lU u LU a: > 3 UJ (— 2 DC Z3 U. < T3 o o in X X I ^1 I II nil II _J ^ O OO OOO o o o or m < z UJ UJ X i UJ •o •••^ iV-^u' III I i z X * - X o 2 ? oooQ> OOO O O OOO o o o o o u < UJ <
oX I/) I Q TO I I UJ J3 • IIIr I >
UJ CO UJ tn 2 o o oc8oo O O OOO E I- in o < X X CO Q or o TO -a o in CO X I III Mil 11 Ul UJ I _I OOOO CD c/^ Oo OO < 3 o O X t Q I I t I I I I I • CO UJ I I I '"no o°o o DC Od UJ O O OOO OOOO OOOO UJ UJ O 01 o DC 2 2 I I I I I I—r •ill I I—I—I r I I I o o 3 UJ o o o o o o o 2 U o o o o IT) o if) o ui Q —1 o X UJ CO o X 26. REGIONAL AND A LEVEL CENTRES USED iN TRADE AREA ANALYSIS
NEWCASTLE
NDERLAND
SEAHA'M
EASINGTON COLLIERY
TERLE o
R
SHQP/ AUc'bT^N
STOCKTON o o Ml DDLESBRO'
TEESIDE ° DARLINGTON
27. DISTANCE DECAY FUNCTIONS 29.
28. ORIENTATION TO NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN REGIONAL CENTRES
ORIENTATION TO NEWCASTLE AND TEESIDE' jsouthern axis : REGIONAL CENTRE INTERACTION. d point, Teeside northern axis: D^rl ington) 90 90 (mid-point, Newcastle — women's clothing Sunderland ) ---all durables interaction
interaction (•/.)
50 50 IV.) women's clothing -all durables
10 10 miles fronr»: miles from: Newcastle: 12 U 16 18 20 22 lU 26 28 northern axis: 8 10 12 U 16 18 20 22 Teeside : 20 18 16 U 12 10 8 6 U southern axis :2A 22 20 18 16 U 12 10 a
30. 32. COMPETITION BETWEEN DURHAM AND A CENTRES: THEORETICAL DISTANCE DECAY BISHOP AUCKLAND
interaction^
chem men's clothing durables interaction women's clothing chemist goods
miles from. distance DURHAM 1 BISHOP A. 8
31. 33.
BISHOP AUCKLAND PLUS DURHAM: CROOK PLUS SPENNYMOOR ' INTERACTION AT INTERACTION AT DIFFERENT MILES DIFFERENT MILES RADIUS. RADIUS. 100' 100
interaction womisn's clothing interaction (7.) all d arables \ : — men's clothing wasning machine chemist goods (•/.) 50 K\ -— women's clothing 50 chemist goods all durables
13 5 7 9 12 3 4 5 6 miles from centre miles from centre
28. — 33. INTERACTION WITH NEWCASTLE PLUS SUNDERLAND FOR: (a) WOMEN'S CLOTHING PURCHASE
40-50
30-AO
(b) ALL DURABLE GOODS PURCHASE
34. INTERACTION WITH TEESIDE PLUS DARLINGTON FOR WOMEN'S CLOTHING PURCHASE.
^ - v-i----
• •••BBIimBfSBBia 1: -mmm 7o giiaarjBBBi illB'JBBH*
2 m. t t I 40- INTERACTION WITH TEESIDE PLUS 30-40 DARLINGTON FOR DURABLE GOOD! PURCHASE. 20-30 10-20 under 10
35. REGIONAL CENTRE UMLANDS :
WOMEN'S CLOTHING
SUN D
HARTLEPO
ALL DURABLE GOODS
36. INTERACTION WITH BISHOP AUCKLAND AND DURHAM FOR GROCERY PURCHASE.
7. 70* 60-70 • 50-60 1 2 m. 40-50 n 30-40 INTERACTION WITH BISHOP AUCKLAN£ • • FOR DURABLE GOODS PURCHASE! 20-30 • • • 10-20 under 10 centre o
INTERACTION WITH DURHAM FOR DURABLE GOODS PURCHASEP"
37. INTERACTION WITH 6 WEAK 'A' LEVEL CENTRES FOR:
DURABLE GOODS:
60-70
A0-5a WASHING MACHINE PURCHASE 30-40L--
underlO centres O
GROCERY PURCHASE
38. AND ^B' CENTRE UMLANDS 39.
based upon appliance purchase for A' and t.v. or hardware for*B regional centres include only where very domi asmgton
umlands
A CENTRE B' CENTRE non emergent*B'
\ _ * B CENTRES AND CHOSEN C CENTRES USED IN THE ANALYSIS
AM-Q.ALEX
TOW^o" OXHORDEN LAW
o LACKHALL WHEATl>Ey CO)i^HOEjJj"-L^' ' " D
iSKBURN
O SfeDGEFIELD
EST AUCKL
39.- 40. INTERACTION WITH B CENTRES 41. FOR GROCERY PURCHASE
60-70 50-60 40-50 30-40 V FOR T.V. PURCHASE
under 10
centres •
INTERACTION WITH CERTAIN 42. *C'CENTRES FOR GROCERY PURCHASE
41. — 42. CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: THEORETICAL ASPECTS a.
payment.
utility (utility measure)
number of items offered number of items offered
^5. i6.
number of items cost, (disutility)
distance distance
^7. 48. payment and cost.
(utility and disutility) functions
distance Dx establishments ASPECTS OF CENTRAL PLACE THEORY:
REFORMULATIONS.
(ii) (i)
(Hi)
(iv) A CENTRAL PLACE SYSTE^ BASED ON CIRCLES
heirarchical levels of centre
lowest — •
middle— • trade areas
lowest level highest — ®
middle level
highest level 50. 19 CENTRES USED IN THE GRAVITY MODEL ANALYSIS.
NEWCASTLE
GATESHEAD
gHlNGJON
SUNDERLAND
EAHAM
TLEPOOL
CLIFFE
MIDDLESBROUGH STOCKTON" • TEESIDE DARLINGTON (arbitrary fn\d point)
DEVIATIONS FROM THE AVERAGE 51. VALUE OF THE DISTANCE EXPONENT, FOR DURABLE GOODSJ PURCHASE •
II OVER 2.82 SI 2.52-2.82 11 • 2.32-2.52
1.92-2.32 JEMEAN I-Z- 1.72-1.92 1.42-1.72
UNDER l.<2
50.- 51. GRAVITY MODEL PREDICTION: ABSOLUTE ERRORS. ONE PARAMETER MODEL. ALL DURABLES.
40-^9
20129 under 20 GRAVITY MODEL PREDICTION VALUES ONE PARAMETER MODEL. ALL DURABLES.
r£ll_ d....
7^ t-. /
.90 + .80- 189 .70- 79 .60- .69 2 m. .50 59 .40 .49 I undi er .39
53. 1 1 liji •
\
54.-55 GRAVITY MODEL PREDICTION: ABSOLUTE ERRORS. TWO PARAMETER MODEL. ALL DURABLES.
40-49 30-39 20-29 under 20 GENERAL INTERACTION PROBABILITY SURFACE. ONE PARAMETER MODEL. ALL DURABLES
contour interval .1 • • • umland boundary • centres 5 m.
57 GENERAL INTERACTION PROBABILITY SURFACE 2 PARAMETER MODEL. ALL DURABLES.
.8
.4 .5'
.3 f
contour interval .1 umland boundary • centres 5 m.
58. INTERACTION PROBABILITY SURFACE. WOMEN'S CLOl HING PURCHASE. ^ '
\
?37
•3
contour interval .1 umland • centre • 3m. . one parameter 59.
O CD
61. - 62 CD UJ
U UJ a: if) m uj
O) in UJ UJ
65.- 66
o
E re
Q.
(TJ — T) C -:: 3 ni o > J2 Si -D C C ig : ? ? e| J C ft, CO O 3 o
§ i •
69. - 70. DISTANCE DECAY:
2.0i FITTED FUNCTIOINS interaction at increasing miles radius from strong 'A' centres for the purchase of men's clothing
UJ
o o
< 2 4 DISTANCE: MILES
- 2.0i m o < lij o 1.6 01 UJ
1.2
.8
.2 .4 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 DISTANCE: MILES (LOG 10 VALUES)
71.