The Dingjiazhai Formation of the Baoshan Block, \Testern Yunnan, China

Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e

EARLY PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS OF GOND\TANA AFFINITY FROM THE DINGJIAZHAI FORMATION OF THE BAOSHAN BLOCK, \TESTERN YUNNAN, CHINA

SHUZHONG SHEN1,2, G.R.SHI2 & KUIYU ZHIJ3

Received C)ctober 25, 1999; accepted October 10,2000

Key'oords : Brachiopods, Dìtgjrazhai Formation, western Yun- lntroduction. nan, Early Permian. The western Yunnan region comprises a number Riassunto. In questo artìcolo vengono considerate e figurate 28 of allochthonous continental blocks that are bounded by specie appartenenti a 26 generì diversi provenjenti da 12 località isolate fault and suture zones. At least both the Baoshan and della Formazione Dingjiazhai nel Blocco Baoshan, affiorante nello Tengchong Blocks have been interpreted to have formed Yunnan occidentale, Cina. Sono descritte 4 nuove specte Bandopro dwctus qingshuígouensis n. sp., Callytharrella dongshanpoensis n. sp., parts of the greater Gondwana, being displaced to their Trigoneireta semicircularis n. sp. e PunctocyrteLla? yunnanensis n. sp. present positions since Permian (Jin X., 1994; \X/opfner, Sulla base della distribuzione stratigrafica delle specie di brachiopodi 1996; Shi & Archbold, L995; Metcalfe, 1997). Biostrati- nell'ambìto della Formazione Dingjiazhai, sono riconoscibili tre asso- graphicai studies of various faunas and their palaeobio- ciazioni di fossili. In ordine ascendente esse sono: Associazione a Ban- the d.oproductus qìngshuigouensis-Marginifera semigratiosa di etàL Asseliana, geographical affinities in these blocks are critical to

Associazione a Puncto cyrtella dustfttlis - PLtnctosp irifer afghanus, la cui understanding of their dispersion history. The bra- età più probabile si estende dal più tardo Asseliano al Sakmariano infe- chiopods described in this paper were collected by one I'Associazrone a Callytbanella dongsbanpoensis, di età riore, ed infine of us (ZKY) from three informal members (Members A- Sakmarìano superiore -Artinskiano. La fauna a brachiopodi del Permi- the Drngjiazhai Formation of the Baoshan Block ano inferiore contenuta nella Fm. Dingiiazhai nel suo insieme dimostra C) of che esistono forti legami a livello specifico e generico con quelle del between the Nujiang and Kejie Fauit Zones (Fig. 1). Gondwana e del Perigondwana, ma anche indica che si ebbero limitati The Dingjiazhai Formation was formerly assigned ma significativi Jegami con quelle della Paleo-Tetide orientale. to the Late Carboniferous (Bashkirian-Gzhelian) based on the presence of fusulinid Triticites species in the Abstract. Twenty-eight species belonging to twenty-six genera upper parr of this formation (e.g., Yang 2., 1983: Fang and two unidentifiable genera are reported and figured from twelve R. & Fan, 1993;Fang R., 1994). On the other hand, Nie isolated localities of the Dingjiazhaì Formation in the Baoshan Block, er a"l. (1993) argued that some of the fossil remains in the westcrn Yunnan, China. Four ne*' species, Bdndoproductus qing- brachiopod sbuigo4ensh n. sp., CaLlytbarrelk dongsbanpoensis n. sp., Trigonotrettt Drngjrazhar Formation, such as the semicircularis n. sp. and Punctocyrtella? yunnanensis n. sp., are " Sy ringotlry rls ", the "C arbonif erou s " fusulin id Triti cite s described. Based on the stratigraphic distributìon of the brachiopod species and some corals, were reworked from the under- species throughout the Dingjiazhai Formation, three assemblages are lying Lower Carboniferous Yunruijie Formation or recognisable, which in ascending order are: Bandoproductus qing- eroded Upper Carboniferous strata, and that the Dingji- shwigouensis-Margini.fera semigrariosa Assemblage (Asselian age), age. Shi et Punctocyrtella australis - Pun ctosp írifer afghanus Assemblage (most 1ìke- azhai Formation is of Sakmarian to Artinskian ly latest Asselian-Early Sakmarian) and Callytbarrella dongsbanpoensk aL (1996) described eleven brachiopod species from the Assemblage (Late Sakmarian-Artìnskìan). The Early Permian Dingji- upper member of the Dingjiazhai Formation at two azhai brachiopod fauna as a s-hole demonstrates strong generic and localities near Youwang in the Shidian area of the specific links n'ith those of Gondwanan and Perigondwanan faunas, but also demonstrates limited but significant links with those o{ the Baoshan Block, and considered that the brachiopod eastern Palaeotethyan faunas. assemblage is of late Sakmarian age. They also ques-

1) Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 Eastern Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P R China 2) School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Rusden Campus, 662 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia [email protected], [email protected] 3) D.pr.t-"rt of Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Erxianqiao Dongsanlu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059 P R. China. 264 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi & K. Y. Zhu

Fig. 1 - Map showing localities of fossil materials investigated from the Baoshan Block. GPX-Guanpoxiang, QSG- Qingshuigou, \WNS-Woniu- si, JJS-Jinjisi, YNQ-Yang- naiqiao, SBZ-Sanbazi, XJ- /"" ! Xinjie, BMJ-Bingmajie, DSP- rndex map €]-ù _/0 ,T Dongshanpo, DJZ-Dingji- azhai. DZM-Dazhai meng. F\WB-Fengweiba. ì.Jtl,lt-?t ! BMI I \I. Tengchong Block .8,È-,-l ;\/ ( \ t! \-- Baoshan Block I i Uiii*r' ctrangning- \--- / Menglian \/ I Berr

BURMA

0 40km

tioned the possibility that the Dingjiazhai brachiopods western Yunnan. It varies from 100 to 340 m in thick- and fusulinids were reworked from the underlying for- ness. representing a transgressive sequence consisting mations. In a further detailed study based on both sedi- of diamictite, pebbly mudstone, quartzose sandsrone, mentoiogical and palaeontological features, FangZ. et a|. siltstone, shale and limestone. It is overlain by basalt (2000) have also concluded that the Dingjiazhai Forma- and some pyroclastic rocks of the Woniusi Formation tion contains no evidence to support the 'reworking' and unconformably underlain by the Msean Yunruijie hypothesis. Formation (Fig. 2). The type locality is sìtuated at The figured material in this paper is registered by Dingjiazhai (DJZ) village about 2.5 km northeasr of the prefix NIGP and housed in the Nanjing Institute of Youwang in the Baoshan Block (Fig. t). According to Geology and Palaeontology of Chinese Academy of Sci- GSY (1980), three members yet to be informally ences. In total, 134 specimens (NIGP130854-8a987) are named, are readily distinguishable at the type locality of registered. These specimens were collected from twelve the formation based on lithology (Fig. Z). The lower isolated but closely spaced (except for locality FB\( see member (Member A) is about 35-50 m thick at the type Fig. 1) localities representing the three lithostratigraphic locality area and consists mainly of dark-grey and non- members of the DingjiazhaiFormation (Fig. 2,Tab\e 1). stratified glacial-marine diamictites. The clasts occupy about 30-50"k of rhe diamictites and are mostly limestone fragments and cherts, angular to subangular, Stratigraphy. ranging in size from 1 to 15 cm in diameter (Fang R. & Fan, 1994). The Dingjiazhai Formation (Geological Survey of The middle member lMember B.) is about 80 m Yunnan or GSY hereafter, 1980) is widely distributed in thick and commences with purple pebbly mudsrones Early Permian Bracbiopods from Yunnan 265 and siltstones about 6.3 m thick. Upwards this member Dingiiazhai section grades pale mudstones and siltstones into grey with Woniusi LEGENI) scarce, non-sorted pebbles. In the upper part of the Formation member there are some limestone lenses intercalated L) with black shales. As a whoie, the proportion of clasts in ffi this member has reduced to 3-5"/" X., 1994).Yery flin o few brachiopods (Fang R. & Fan, 1,994) have been doc- F=:= umented from this member prior to the present study. The upper member (Member C) is only about 3 m limestone thick and is composed of bioclastic limestones with ffi abundant brachiopods, and some corals, fusulinids and limestone with limited conodonts (see below) . ffi chert nodules

l'ljji-'-l mudstone Brachiopod assemblages and their ages. Ló TX siltstone and .-tr fine sandstone Until now biostratigraphic zonation of the d:l megafaunas of the Dingjiazhai Formation has not been N attempted due to lack of fossil data from the lower and 6l ffi sandstone middle members of the formation. In this paper we have bó now obtained brachiopod species throughout the entire pebbly siltstone and mudstone formation, which, in conjunction with the study of Shi et -{ ffi al. (1996) on the brachiopods from the uppermost parr dropstone of the formation, enables us to divide the brachiopod E succession of the. Dingjiazhai Formation into three lens of assemblages, which corresponds well with the three E limestooe lìthostratigraphic members outlined above.

t) 20m Bandoproductus qÌngshuigouensis-Marginifera semigra- o fiosa Assemblage. This assemblage is represented by brachiopods from the lower member (Member A) of the Dingjiazhai Formation and is characterised by abundant occurrences of Bandoprodwctus qingsbuigouensis, Marginifera semigratiosa and Orthoticbia magnifica. In total, fourteen species and an unidentifiable genus have been found, ten Fig. 2 - The type section at Dingjiazhai near Youwang, showing the major lithologies of the Dingjiazhai Formation after of rvhich are restricted to this assemblage. Among the (data Fang R. & Fan, 1994). species restricted to the assemblage, Marginifera semigratiosa and Bracbythyrina peregrina were first reported by Reed (1927) from unspecified Lower Permian srrara species are known from pebbly mudstones (?Asselian- of Ta-Li-Shao in Yunnan. Dielasma glabrum is known Sakmarian) in southern Thailand (\Taterhouse, 1982), from the Late Carboniferous \fleining Formation of the Pondo Series in Xizang (Tibet) (Jin D. & Sun Y, Sichuan Province, South China (Tong, 1,978). 1981), the late Sakmarian upper Singa Formation of Orthoticbia magnffica occurs widely in the Gzhelian (lat- Langkawi Island, northwestern Peninsular Malaysia (Shi est Carboniferous) to Artinskian Maping Formation in et a1,., 1,997), the Asselian Lyonia bourkei Zone and the southwest China. Spirelytba petaliformìs was first iate Sakmarian Bandoproductws rualkomì Zone in eastern recorded from the Sakmarian-Artinskian Tashkazyk Australia (Briggs, 1998). Bandoproductus has never been Formation of southeast Pamir (Grunt 8c Dmitriev, i973; reported from pre-Asselian and its first appearance may Grunt Er Novikov, 1994) and has since also been report- be considered the beginning of the Permian in the ed from the Late Sakmarian of western Peninsuiar Gondwanan region. Therefore, in view of the evidence Malaysia (Shi & \laterhouse, 1991; Shi et al., \997t and discussed above, this assemblage is most likely Asselian the Asselian-Early Sakmarian Gircha Formation in in age, although direct evidence for this conclusion is Karakorum, Pakistan (Angiolini, 1,995). Bandoproductus lackins. 266 S. Z. Sben, G.R. Sbi G K. Y. Zhu

Localities F\(/B Orthotichia

Eolissochonetes ? sochonetinae

Punctocyrtella ? yunnanettsis n. Dielasma ? cf . plabrum T Neospirifer cf. orientalis (C Spirebrha peraliforryis tlNlot tt

Cimmerrella mucronatd lF a

Costatumulus s notreta sem ic ircu Iar is n. M artinia decora (Phllli Pbricodotlryris .t n. et sp. indet. Pu australis (Thomas) Pu

Uncinunellina? S Dielasma? Elivìna ls (Shi, Fang et Archbold) lamínosa Fa

't-Transennatia s 'Lrrtella ! 'tTívertonìa7

N an tan e I Ìa I e gant u Ia G r ab _e n

Tab. 1 - Occurrences of brachiopod species from the three members of the Dingjiazhai Formation in the Baoshan Block. [The species marked wìth 'r 'were only recorded by previous studies. Data are from Nie et al. (1993); Fang R. & Fan (1994) and Shi et al. (1996)1. GPX- \X/NS-rVoniusi, Guanpoxiang, QSG-Qingshuigou, JJS-J:injisi, INQ-Yangnaiqiao, SBZ-Sanbazi, XJ-Xinjie, BMJ-Bingmajìe, DSP-Dong- slranpo, DJZ-Dingjiazhai, DZM-D az,harmeng, F\lB-Fengweiba.

Punctocyrtella australis-Punctospirifer afghanus Assem- nagmdrgensis is from the Agglomeratic Slate in Kashmir blage. (Bion, 1928), considered to be late Asselian to Sakmari- an in age lSheng & Jin Y.. 1994) and similar specimens This assemblage includes brachiopods {rom sever- were reported from the Sakmarian in southeastern al horizons spanning the whole middle Member (Mem- Oman (Angiolini, 1997). P koopi is known from the ber B) in the Dingjiazhai Formation. It is dominated by Late Sakmarian Cuncudgeric Sandstone in the southern the two named species and Martinia decora. Eíght Canning Basin, Western Australia (Archbold, ú9A). P species are restricted to this assemblage. Pwnctospirifer spinosa was documented from the late Sakmarian of \far- afghanus occurs in the Asselian-Early Sakmarian of \íar- dak (Afghanistan) and southeastern Oman (Legrand- dak, central Afghanistan (Termier er a1., 1,974) and the Blain, 1968; Termier et 1.974; Angiolini, 1997).The ^1., Asselian-Early Sakmarian Gircha Formation of the presence of Syringothyrididae is not totally unexpected Karakorum Range, Pakistan (Angiolini, 1995). Puncto- since younger, Late Carboniferous to Early Permian cyrtella australis is known from the late? Asselian to occurrences of the genus, albeit rare, have been reported. Early Sakmarian Lyons Group and the Late Sakmarian For instance , Syringothyris? lydekkeri (Diener, 191 5) was Callytharra Formation of the Carnarvon Basin, Vestern originally described from the Fenestella beds and equiva- Australia (Thomas, 1921). This species is comparable to lents of Kashmir, of Late Carboniferous (Bashkirian) age P ? nagmargensis, P koopi and P spinosa in generalities (see Garzanti et al., 1998). The same species was also although the generic assignment of the former species reported from the Asselian-Early Sakmarian Agglomer- between Pwnctocyrtella and Cyrtella is xrll pending. P. ? atic Slate in Kashmir bv Bion (1928\. Other Permian Early Permian Brachiopods from Ywnnan 267

occurrences of Syringothyrididae species have also been Skinner & Vilde, S. quasi.ouLgaris Lin, S. c{. paranana reported (Mansuy, 1912; Reed, 1927;Merla, 1934; Muir- Zhou et al., and Triticites stwchenbergi Rauser and can be Vood E Oakley, 1941; Waterhouse, 1,966, 1978) correlated with the Robustoschrpagerina schellwieni-R. although in no case was the identity clearly established. ziyunensis Zone of southwest China, of latest Sakmarian Therefore, in view of its stratigraphic position and age. In addition to the fusulinids and brachiopods, a the stratigraphic ranges of several key species reviewed small conodont fauna, originally including Sweetog- above, we consider the Punctocyrtella awstralis-Punc- nathus inornatws (Ritter) and Mesogondolella cf. bisselli tospirifer afgbanus Assemblage to be most likely latest (Clark and Behnken) (Vang et a1.,1,999), has also been Asselian to early Sakmarian in age in consistency with recovered from the same interval. Recently, the speci- the more certain Late Sakmarian-Artinskian age of the mens of the above two conodont species have been re- overlying Callytharrella dongshanpoezsis Assemblage identified as three different species. They are Szueetog- (see below). This conclusion is compatible with the age nathus bwcaramangas (Rabe), a primitive S. rphiteì determination based on palynomorphs from the same (Rhodes) and Mesogondonella bisselli (Vang Xiangdong, \M, member (Yang 1999).Yang has recognised a small pers. comm., 2000) . According to the nerÀ/est time scale palynomorph assemblage which he correlated with the of the Permian System (Jin Y et aI., 1.999, table 2), the Pseudoreticulatispora confluens Zone of Vestern Aus- Mesogondonella bisselli Zone is of late Sakmarian in age, tralia, of latest Asselian to Early Sakmarian age (Back- whereas the S. whitei Zone is restricted to Artinskian. house,1998). Thus, the Callytharrella dongsbanpoensls Assemblage is most likely late Sakmarian to Artinskian in age. Cal lytharrel Ia dongshan poensls Assemblage.

This assemblage refers to brachiopods from the Palaeobiogeographical and palaeogeographical impli- upper Member (Member C) of the Dingjiazhai Forma- cations. tion. Fourteen species have been reported from this assemblage, among which four are shared with the The correlations of the Dingjiazhai brachiopods underlying assemblages. This assemblage is charac- outlined above clearly indicate a strong Gondwanan and terised by the co-occurrences of Callytharrella dong- Perigondwanan palaeobiogeographical affinity for west- shanpoensis, Nantanella elegantula and Eliz,ina junna- ern Yunnan during the Early Permian (Asselian-Sakmar- nensis. Callytbarrella species are known from the Late ian), as already pointed out by Shi et al. (1996). The bra- Sakmarian Callytharra Formation of the Carnarvon chiopod fauna of the Dingjiazhai Formation as a whole Basin, Vestern Australia (Archbold, 1985), the Late consists mainly of Gondwanan (or Perigondwanan), Sakmarian Bisnain assemblage of Timor (Archbold & antitropicai (in the sense of Shi Er Grunt, 2000), and Barkham, 1989), the Artinskian-Roadian Tunlonggong- some wide-ranging taxa. Among the Gondwanan ele- ba Formation in the Rutog-Duoma region of Tibet ments, C allytharrella, B an dopro dwctws, Trìgonotreta and (Xizang) (Sun, 1983), the Kungurian-Roadian of Punctocyrtella are most characteristic. Antitropical gen- Karakorum of Pakistan (Angiolini in Gaetani et a1., era encompass Spirelytha, Cyrtella, Syringothyris, Elia ina i995) and the Lare Sakmarian Spinomartinia prolifica and probably Cimmeriella (Lazarev, pers. Comm., Assemblage of the Ko Yao Noi Formation of southern 2000), which occur in both Gondwanan and Boreal Thailand (\íaterhouse, 1981; Shi et al., 1996).lrlantanel- Realms and adjacent transitionai zones, but are almost la elegantula is present in the Gzhelian to Sakmarian completely absent from the interwening Palaeoequatori- Maping Formation of Guangxi, South China. Eliaina al Realm. Other genera such as Marginifera, Linoproduc- yunnanensis is comparable with Eliaina bisnaini Arch- tus, Martinia, Cleìotbyridina and Dìelasma appear ro bold from the Late Sakmarian Bisnain Assemblage of have wide geographic distributions during the Permian. Timor (Shi et a1.,1996). On the other hand, some links between the Shi et al. (1996) proposed a Late Sakmarian age for Dingjiazhai fauna and those of the Cathaysian Province, the brachiopods from the uppermost Dingjiazhai For- South China in particular, can be also noted. Brachiopod mation based on correlation of the brachiopods with species furnishing this linkage include, notably, other brachiopod faunas, especially those of the Cal- Orthotichia magnifica and Nantanella elegantula, vrhich lytharra Formation and equivalents of Vestern Australia were only recorded from the Maping Formation of and the Bisnain assemblage of Timor. This age determi- South China before. These relatively few but significant nation agrees well with the associated fusulinids. species links with South China are also consistent with According to the recent systematic study by \7ang (in 'L' {'^' 'L^' /1\ -L^ ningiiazhai brachiopod fauna lacks FangZ. et al., 20OO), the fusulinid fauna includes Eop- some typical Gondwanan genera (e.g,, Wyndbamia and arafusulìna pseudosimplex (Chen), E. pusilla (Schell- Tomiopsis) and (2) that fusulinids are also present at wien), E. contracta (Schellwien), Schwagerina schencbi least in the upper part of the Dingjiazhai Formation. \(/e 268 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi & K. Y. Zhu

interpret these features of the Dingjíazhaí fauna as char- Holotype. A ventral valve (NIGP130865) (Pl. 1, fig. 11). acteristic of a biogeographically transitional fauna Type-level. Member C of the Dingjiazhai Formation. Type-locality. DSI Youwang in the Shidian area, western Yun- between the typical cold to cool-water Gondwanan nan, China. Realm and the warm-water Palaeoequatorial Realm, as Other material. Two incomplete ventral valves (NIGP130866, defined bv Shi et al. (1995). The transitional feature of 130867), two incomplete external moulds of dorsal valves (NIGP the Dingjiazhai fauna further implies that the Baoshan 130868, 130869); two incomplete dorsal valves (NIGP1308Z0, Block was located in the Perigondwanan region with a ll087l) and three fragments of dorsal interiors (NIGP130872- greater but progressively diminishing proximity with 1 308 Z1). Derivatio nominis. After the locality name, Dongshanpo Gondwanaland and increasing proximity with Cathaysia (DSP) in Youwang, Shidian. through the Permian. Diagnosis. Large for genus; ears distinct; ornamentation fine, with moderately developed sulcus; spine bases prominent.

Systematic palaeontology and notes. Description. Shell about 41 mm long and 62 mm wide, transversely subquadrate in outline, widest at For the sake of keeping the paper within a reason- hinge; ears large, nearly flat, well demarcated from vis- able length, only new species are fully described below ceral region by groove; cardinal extremities acute. Ven- and in some cases descriptions andl or comments are tral visceral region moderately convex in profile; beak also provided for some existing species and/ or genera low and blunt; umbonal siopes strongly inclined; sulcus where sufficient material is available and revision of wide and shallow, beginning from beak; trail geniculate, these taxa is necessary. Some species are not mentioned with prominent sulcus. Dorsal valve strongly geniculate, except Table 1. A1l reported in species are however fig- visceral region nearly flat or slightly concave; ears large ured. The systematic study follows the classification of and flat; fold wide and flattened; visceral regions of both Brunton et al. (2000) for the productids, Carter et al. valves strongly reticulate; rugae fine, disappearing on for the spiriferids (1965) 0994) and Moore for all oth- anterior part of visceral region and trail; costae also fine ers. Taxonomic classifications above family level are not on visceral region, but coarser anterioriy, numbering 6-Z listed. on umbo and 2-3 in 5 mm on trail, convergent in sulcus on trail, commonly bifurcated anterior to spines on trail; Family Productidae Gray, 1840 ventral spines numerous, scattered on visceral region and trail, projecting anteriorly or laterally; a small clus- Subfamily Dictyoclostinae Stehli, 1954 ter on ears; spine bases slightly swollen. Dorsal interior Genus Callytharrella Archbold, 1985 with prominent cardinal ridges beginning from the shaft Callytharrella dongshanpoensis n. sp. of cardinal process; cardinal process short, trilobate,

PJ. 1, figs. 11.-11,1.6 supported by median septum which continues forward for about 8.5 mm.

1993 Stereochia litostyla Grant - Nie et al., pl. t, figs. 1-5 Discussion. The fine reticulation on the visceral 1996 Callythanella sp. - Shi et al., p. 89, figs. 48-E regions of both valves, convergent costae in the sulcus

PLATE 1

(All figures are natural size unless otherwise illustrated, same afrer herein for plates)

Fig. 1-4 - Orthotichia magnifica Grabau; from Member A, BMJ - 1, dorsal exterior, NIGP130854; 2, dorsal exrerior, NIGP130855; 4, 5, dorsal exterior and interior, NIGPi3085Z. Fig. 5, 6 - Eolissochonetes? sp.; fron.r Member A; QSG - 5, internal mould of a ventral valve, NIGP13O858; 6, internal mould of a ventral valve, NIGP130859. Fig.7-9 - Rugosochonetínae gen. et sp. indet. - 7, external mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP13O861, x5; from Member A; QSG; 8, external mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130862, x4, from Member A, GPX; 9, external mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130860, x3, from FHA, GPX. Fig. 10 - Lettipustula ? sp. - ventral exterior, NIGP130864, x1.5, from Member C,DIZ. Fig. 11-14, 16- Callytharrella dongshanpoensls n. sp. - 11, ventral exterior, NIGP130865, holotype, from Member C, DSP; 12, anterior view of a ventral valve, NIGP130867, from Member C,DJZ;13, external mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130869, from Member C, DSP; 14, ventral exterior, NIGP130866, from Member C, DSP; 16, dorsal interior, NIGP1308Z2, (x1.5, from Member C,DIZ. F;O 15 - Rugoconcha sp. - ventral exterior, NIGP130863, x2, from Member C,DIZ. Fi- 17 - Bandoproductus qingshuigouensls n. sp. - ventral exterior, NIGP130891, from Member A, QSG. Fio 18-22 - Linoproductus sp. - 18, anterior view of a ventral valve, NIGP130884, from Member A, BMJ; 19, 20, posterior and ventral views of a ventral valve, NIGP130883, from Member A, BMJ; 27,22, ventral and posterior views of a ventral valve, NIGP130885, from Member A. QSC. Pl. 1 Early Permian Brachiopods from Yunnan 269 274 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi & K Y Zhu and prominent ears of the present materials characterise Marginifera semigratiosa (Reed, 1922) the genus Callytharrella. Costìferina sinensis Sun (1983, Pl.2, figs. 1-5 p.125, pl. 16, figs. 8-10), from the Tunlonggongba For- mation in the Rutog-Duoma region, southern Tibet 1.927 Prodwctus (Marginifera) semigratíosws Reed, p. 121, pl. 12, figs. (Xizang), is clearly not Costiferina in terms of its fine reticulation and convergent costae in the sulcus and has Discussi on. M argi n ifera s em igrati o s a clo s ely res em- been assigne d to Callytbarrella by Archbold (1985) and bles M. involwta (Tschernyschew, 1.9a2, p. 645, pl. 58, Angiolini in Gaetani et al. 1 1995; or Pseudoantiquatonia figs. a-5) from the Asselian and Sakmarian beds of the Zhan tt \íu, 1982 byJiang & Yan (1992). A close com- Urals and Timan Mountains of Russia and the Upper parison shows that the Tibetan (Xizang) species appears Carboniferous of Shandong, North China (Ozakr, 1.931, to have smaller, less extensive ears, more incurved later- p. 1,37 pl. t Z, fig. 22) lry its fine costellae and profile, but al profile, sharpiy inclined flanks, inconspicuous spines , differs in the presence of a row of coarse spines between and more complicated costae on the ventral trail. The the ears and the visceral region and less prominent sul- specimens from the Xiaoxinzhai Formation, Gengma, cus on the trail. M. morrisi Chao (1927, p. 1,52, pl. 15, Tengchong of western Yunnan, figured as Costtferina figs. 28-30) from the Middle Permian Zhesi Formation obesaFang (in Fang R. & Fan, 1994,p.81, p1. 20, fig.2), of Inner Mongolia is also closely similar to M. semigra- C. xiaoxinzhaiensis Fang (in Fang R. 8c Fan, 1994, p. 81, tiosa with its fine costellae and strongly curved profile; pl.2a, fig. 3; pI.21, figs. 1-3) and C. ywnnanensis Fang but the former has shorter ears and a more subquadrate (in Fang R. & Fan, 1994, p. 82, pl. 21, fig. a; pl. 22, figs. outline. 1-3), are probably congeneric with the present species in terms of their fine and delicate reticulation on the visceral region of both valves, convergetÌt costae in the sul- Family Linoproductidae Stehìi, 1954 cus and more or less extensive ears, but the Xiaoxinzhai Subfamily Linoproductinae Stehli, 1954 specimens appear to have fewer spines on their surface Genus Bandoproductus Jtn Er Sun, 1981 and less prominent sulcus. Callytharrella callytharrensis qingshuigouensis n. sp. Archbold (1985) from the Cailytharra Formation in Bandoproductus \lestern Australia differs from the present new species Pl. 1, fig. 1.7;P|.2, figs. 6-9 in its larger size, more prominent sulcus and coarser ?1982 Cancrinelloid.es monticulzs V'aterhouse (partim), p. 344, pl. 1, ornamentati on. Stereochla species are also somewhat Îrg. 19,20 similar to the present species, but can be readily distin- ears few guished by means of their smaller quadrate with Holotype. A ventral valve (NIGP130887) (P1. 2, fig.9). spines, smaller size, less transverse outline, Iess promi- Type-locality. QSG in the Baoshan area, s.estern Yunnan. nent trail and coarser costae. Type-level. Menber A of the Dingjiazhai Formatton.

Other material. Four ventral valves (NIGP 1 30888-1 3089 1 ). Derivatio nominìs. After the locality name, Qìngshuigou Family Productellidae Schuchert in (QSG) in the Baoshan area. Schuchert & LeVene, 1929 Diagnosis. Slightly transyerse shell wjth moderately concavo- convex globose profile; greatest width at hinge; row of large spines Subfamily Marginiferinae Stehli, 1954 along ventral hinge; concentric rugac prominent but irresular on r-is- Genus Margìnifera \faagen, 1884 ceral region.

PLATE 2

Fig. 1-5 - Marginifera semìgratiosa (Recd) - 1-3, r.entral, dorsal and lateral r'iews of a shell, NIGP130875, x2, from Meraber A, BMJ; 4, ventral exterior, NIGP130876, x2, from Member A, BMJ; 5, ventral extcrior, NIGP130881, x2, from Member A, BMJ. Fig. 6-9 - Bandoproductus qìngshuigouezsls n. sp.; from Member A, QSG - 6, ventral exterior, NiGP130888; /, ventral cxtcrìor, NIGP130889; 8, ventral exterior, NIGP130890; 9, ventral exterior, NIGP13088Z, holotype. Fig. 1O-i5 - Cimmeriella mucrondxt (Fang) - 10, ventral exterìor, NIGP130896, x2, from Member A, XJ; 11, vcntral exterior, NIGP130901, x2, from Member B, F\lB; 12, ventral exterior, NIGP130898, x1.5, from Member C,DIZ. 13, r.entral exterior, NIGP130895' x2, Mem- ber C, DSP; 14, ventral exterior, NÌGP130894, from Member C, DSP; 15, ventral exterior, NIGP130899, x2, from Member B, F\(/B. Fig. 16 - Costatumwlus sp. - tentral exteriot NIGP130893, 13, from Member A, QSG. Fìg. 17 - Llncinunellina ? sp. - dorsal exterior, NIGP130902, x1.5, from Member B,DJZ. Fig. 1S-20 - Nantanella elegantula Grabau - 18, ventral exterior, NIGP130907, x2, from Member C, DSP; 19, ventral interior, showing the spondylium settìng on the valve floor and supported by a median septum anteriorly, NIGP130905, x2, from Member C, DSP; 20, ventral exterior, NIGP130904, x1.5, from Member C,DIZ. Ftg.21-25 - Elivina yunnanensis Shì, Fang & Archbold - 21, ventral exterior, NIGP13091/, x2, from Member C, DIZ;22, ventral exterìo5 NIGP13091O, x1.5, from Membcr C, DSP; 23, ventral interior, NIGP130922, x2, from Member C,DJZ:24,25, r'entral interior and exterior, NIGP130926, x2, from Member B, I'-VB. Early Permian Brachiopods from Yunnart 271

19 272 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi G K. Y. Zhu

Description. She1l average size, subquadrate or This species is characterised by small ears, more elongate semicircular in outline, moderately concavo-convex in outline and more globular appearance. profile; greatest width at hinge; cardinal extremities On the other hand, our western Yunnan speci- quadrate; anterior margin broadly rounded. Ventral mens and. in fact. most of the materials from Gondwana valve somewhat globose, maximum convexity at umbo; that have been variably assigned to Globiella or beak low; ears flattened, well demarcated from visceral Stepanoaiella (Waterhouse, 1970; Jin Y, 1979; Jin Y. t< region, ornamented with prominent rugae and a row of Sun D., 1981; Archbold, 1983), are characterised by coarse spines along hinge line; visceral region somewhat much coarser costellae numbering 7 per 5mm at mid- triangular in outline; umbonal slope strongly inclined; valve and more transverse outline and thus do not lateral and anterior slopes gently inclined; geniculation belong to either true Globiella or Stepanooiella.Inaddr- inconspicuous; surface finely costellate; costellae num- tion, Archbold & Hogeboom (2000) stated that mature bering 7 in 5 mm near anterior margin: rugae weakly Globiella is characterised by deeply impressed, marked- developed on visceral region. not conlinuous; spines on iy-striated anterior diductor scars unlike those of "G/o- visceral region of both valves unknown. biella" or "stepanot,iella" species reported from the Discussion. This new species is readily distin- Perigondwanan region, therefore proposed Cimmeriella guished from B. hemiglobicus Jin Y Sr Sun D. (1981) by with Prodwctus tenwistriatus var. foordi Etheridge (1903) its more prominent visceral region and more transverse as the type species to accommodate the species previ- outline. \íaterhouse (1978, p. 76, pl. 11, figs. 13-18) ously assigned rc "stapanovie/la" or "Globiella" from described several specimens as ?Canuinella sp. from the the Lower Permian in the Perigondwanan region. Nisal Member of the Nanguang Formation in Nepal and Cimmeriella youwangensis Shi et aI. (1.996, p. 92, he later (Waterhouse,1,983, p. 130) renamed them Can- fig. aF) from the Dingjiazhai Formation is considered crinelloides (Bandoprodwctws) inflata on the basis of its conspecific with C. mucronata (Fang) in terms of their having a row of well developed spines along the ventral comparable external characters including the transverse hinge. The Nepalese species appears to have a shorter outline, same costellae and their similar occurrences. hinge line and more prominent tear-shaped spine bases. The other synonyms of this species have been discussed Cancrinelloides monticwlzrs Waterhouse (1982, p. 344, pl. by Shi et al. (1996) and are therefore not repeated here. 1, figs. 17-20; pL.2, figs. 1-5) from the ?Asselian-Sak- C. mwcronata appears variable in outline. For instance, marian pebbly mudstones of southern Thailand proba- the specimens figured byJin Y & Sun D. (1981) and Shi bly includes two types. The specimens in pl. 1, figs. 17, et al. (1996) are subquadrate, whereas the present speci- 18 and p1.2, figs. 1-5 have tear-shaped spine bases on the mens and those figured by Fang R. (1994) are mostly ventral valve, whereas the specimens in pl. 1,, figs. 19,2a more transverse. have more continuous costellae, fewer spine bases on the visceral region and a prominent row of spines along Family Stenoscismatidae Oehlert, 1887 the hinge. This latter type is probably conspecific with Genus Nantanella Grabau, 1936 new our species. Nantanella elegantula Grabau, 1936 Pl. 2, figs. 18-20 Genus Cimmeriella Archbold & Hogeboom, 2000 7936 Nantanella elegantuLa Grabau, p. 82, pl. 17, figs. 1-7 Cimmeriella mucronata (Fang R., 1994) 7977 Nantanella elegantula - Yang et al., p. 393, pl. 156, figs. 6a-c Pl.2, figs. l0-15 1993 Stenoscisma sp. Nie et al., p|. 1, fig. 22 L991 Stenoscisma sp. Fang R., 1994, p. 268, pl. 2, figs. 7-8 et ai., p. 93, figs. 4G, 1981 Stepanooiellaflexzosa'Waterhouse - Jin Y & Sun D., p. 1'tO, pl. 1996 Stenoscisma sp. Shi I, M-N ). Irss. /-5 1993 Stepanoviella bemisphaeriwm (Kutorga) - Nie et al., pl. 1, figs. Discussion. Externaily, Nantanella is close to 6-8 Stenoscisma Conrad as well as many other rhynchonellid 1994 Stepanoviella flexuosa - Fang R., p. 262, pl. 1, Iigs. 6-9 1994 Stepanot,ieLla mucrondta Fang R., p. 268, pl. 1, figs. 10-13 forms in its outline, profile and costation pattern, but 1996 Globiella you.,uangensi Shi et al., p. 92, fig. 4F has a sessile spondylium anteriorly supported by a median septum in the ventral vaive, and a median septum sup- Discussion. This species was originally described porting the hinge plate in the dorsal valve (Grabau, 1936, as StEanoviella mwcronata by Fang R. (1994, p. 268, pl. p. 71). The well preserved and posteriorly sessile 1, figs. 10-13). Both Stepanooiella and Globiella are spondyiium in the ventral valve of the present collection characterised by possession of very fine costellae. Mate- (PI. 2, fig. i9) unmistakably suggests lx{antanella. The rial of Globiella hemispbaeriu;w (Kutorga), collected by spondylium of Stenoscisma is usually highly raised and one of us IGRS) from the lower Kazanian of the Russ- narrower (see Grant, 1965, pl. 22, fig,3a) . Our speci- ian Platform, shows 11 costellae per 5mm at midvalve. mens agree well with the type specimen of N. elegantwla Early Permian Brachiopods from Yunnan 273

Grabau from the Maping Formation of Nantan, Type-level. Member B of the Dingjìazhai Formation Guangxi, in that both have two costae in the sulcus and Type-locality. DJZ in Youn'ang, Shidian, wesrern Yunnan. Derivatio nominis. In terms of ìts semicircular outline. a somewhat pentagonal or slightly triangular outline. 11. Diagnosis. Semicircular to slightly elliptical outline, cardinal mapingensis Grabau, also from the Maping Formation, extremities square-shaped or nearly so, bundles of fascicles consisting ciosely resembles N. elegantula, but has more costae and of 3 costae only. a more transverse outline. Description. Shell large, greatest width at hinge or slightly anterior to hinge; cardinal extremities rounded Famiiy Spiriferellidae \laterhous e, 1968 or nearly so. Ventral beak pointed, slightly curved dor- Subfamily Spiriferellinae Waterhous e, 1.968 sally; sulcus beginning from beak, V-shaped in immature Genus Elivina Fredericks, 192,{ shells, narrow, deepening anteriorly. Dorsal valve semicircular in outline, moderately convex fold Ef ivina yunnanensis Shi, Fang R. & Archbold, 1996 in profile; prominent, well rounded in cross section; surface with Pl.2, figs.2I-25;Plr.3, figs. 1-,1 4-6 pairs of low fascicles and fine costae; each fascicle consisting 1993 Spirferella salteriTschernysche*'- Nie et al., p1. 1, figs.12-15 of three costae extending to near anterior 1994 Spirtferella unicosta Chang - Fang R., p.269, pl.2, figs.10-i2 margin, usually with the median costa coarser than the 1991 Spiriferella qubuensis Chang - Fang R., p.269, pl.2, figs. 13-14 other two; growth lamellae well developed on both 1991 Enteletes tschernyscheui Diener Fang R., 267, 1, - p. pl. figs. i-2 valves. Ventral interior with two dental plates. 1996 Elbína yunnanezsls Shi et al., p. 98, fìgs. 5D-M Discussion. This species is most similar to Spirfer fascìger var. paucicostulata (Reed, 1.925, p. 43, p1. 6, fig. Discussion. The type species of Elivina, E. tibetana 1), nhich is reassigned rc Trigonotreta pawcì,costwlata by Diener (1897) from the Chitichun Limestone of south- Angiolini (1995), in terms of its semicircular outline, ern Tibet (Xizang), has an elongate outline. relati.rely less pointed umbo and square-shaped cardinal extremi- narrow and thin umbonal region and bifurcating cosrae, ties. However, T. pawcicostulata has fascicles of up to 6 which clearly distinguish it from the present species. E. costae on the ventral valve. Z lyonsensis Archbold Er yunnanensis also recalls E. hoskingae from the Late Sak- Thomas (1986, p. 151, figs. 15A-F) from the latest marian Callytharra Formation of Vestern Australia Asselian-Sakmarian Lyons Group in the Carnarvon (Archbold & Thomas, 1985, p. 4,{, figs. 3A-Y) in its Basin, Vestern Australia, is readily distinguishable from smaller size, suboval outline and distinct, deeply the western Yunnan species in its transverse outline and impressed muscle field, but differs in its simpler costae, acute and alate cardinal extremities. T. stoleesi Koenig and narrow sulcus bearing fewer co\tae. E. yunnanensis (1825, p. 3, pl. 6, frg.7A) differs from the present species is readily distinguished from Spiriferella unicostata in its more rounded outline and more prominent costae. Chang and S. qubwensis Chang in its smaller size, more Spirifer narsabensis (Reed, 1928, p. 379) lrom the Sak- rounded outline, simpler costae and narrower hinge line. marian lJmaria Beds of Peninsular India, the For- The specimens figured as Enteletes tschernyschewi by Jilong mation of southern Tibet (Xizang) (Ji" Y.,1979) and T. Fang R. (1994) are most likeiy conspecific with the orientalis Singh & Archbold (1993) from the Sakmarian present species in terms of their outline and costation of the eastern Himalaya have much coarser median costa which begins from the beak. Fang R. (1994) described in the three-bundle fascicles than those of the presenr his spgcimens as having fine costellae on the plications. species. Actually, some specimens of E. yunnanensis do have A ventral valve figured as T-igonotrera sp. by Shi et fine costellae if the surface of the shell is slightly etched aI. (1996) is somewhat similar tc the present species in (see Pl. 2, hg.22). outline, but further comparison ìn costation is ham- pered because of its poor preserv.ilon. Family Trigonotretidae Schuchert, 1893

Subfamily Trigonotretinae Schuchert, 1893 Subfamily Neospiriferinae Vaterhouse, 1968 Genus Tiigonotreta Koenig, 1825 Genus N eospirifer Fredericks, 1924 Trigonotreta semicircularis n. sp. Neospirifer cf. orientalis (Chao, 1929) Pl. 3, figs. 5-8 Pl. 3, figs. 13-15

Holotype. An internal mould of a venrral r.alve (NIGP130936) 1929 SpiriJer orientalls Chao, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 8 (P1.3, fig. s). 1,936 Spirifer orientalls - Grabau, p. 203, pl. 22, fig.3 Paratypes. A complete internai mould of a dorsal valve 1.914 Spirfer (Neospirfer) cf. orientalis - ( Reed, p|.27, ftg.9 (NIGP13093Z), a completc internal mould of an immature dorsal r-alve 1977 Neospiri.fer orientalis - Yang D. et al., p. 441, pl. 175, figs. 8a, b

(NIGPI30938), and an ìncomplete internal mould of a dorsal valve 1978 Neospirifer orientalis - Tong, p. 256, pl. 90, fig. 1 (NIGP130939). 274 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Sbi & K. Y, ZbU

Discussion. The western Yunnan specimens match Genus Spirelytha Fredericks, 1924 the type material of Neospirifer orientalis Chao (1929) in Spirelytha petaliformis all observed features except that the latter appears to (Pavlova in Grunt & Dmitriev, 1973) have relatively rounded cardinal extremities and a small- Pl. 4, figs. 4-8 er size, although Chao (1929) described the hinge-line as marking the greatest n'idth. N, orientalis ls similar to 1973 Kitakamithyris petaliformk Pavlova in Grunt & Dmitriev, p. some specimens of N. cameratrzs (Morton) (Tsch- 136, pl. i0, figs. 2-5 ernyschew, 1902, pl.5, figs. 1-9), but Tschernyschew's 1993 Spìrelytha petalìformis - Angiolini, p. 294, pl. 5, fig. Z, 8; pl. 6, tlgs. l. z specimens have a relatively lower interarea. N. ambiensis 1,995 Spirelytha petaliformis - Angiolini, p. 200, pl. 5, figs. 11-16; pl. comparable (Waagen, 1883, pl. 48, figs. la-e) is also to 10, figs.5,6 the present species in size, outline and hinge-line, but has stronger fascicles, more prominent sulcus and fold, Discussion. Externally, the present specimens are and finer costellae. comparable with those described by Pavlova (in Grunt & Dmitriev, 1973) from the Tashkazyk Formation in Southeast Pamir and by Angiolini (1993,1995) from the Family Choristitidae Waterhous e, 1968 Gircha Formation in the Karakorum Range, Pakistan in Angiospiriferinae Legrand-Blain, 1985 Subfamily terms of their prominent concentric lamellae, of which Genus Brachytbyrina Frederícks, 1929 each carries a row of biramous spines about 1 per mm. S. Brachythyrina peregrina (Reed, 1922) petaLformis is closely similar to S. fredericksl Archbold & PI.3, figs.9-12 Thomas from the Callytharra Formation and the Fossil Cliff Member in Western Australia in outline, but the 1927 Spirifer peregrinas Reed, p. 137, p|.13, figs. 1-9; pl. 15, fig. 12 Australian species has a very long adminicula and relatively rare spines on lamellae. Discussion. The present specimens are very similar to rhose described by Reed (1927) from western Yun- nan. This species differs from .8. strangwaysi (de Family Syringothyrididae Fredericks; 1926 Verneuil, 1845, p. 164,pL.6, fig. 1) in its somewhat semi- Syringothyrididae gen. et sp. indet. circular outline and bifurcated flank costae, unlike the PI.4, fiss: 15, 16 very transverse cardinal extremities and simple costae of the latter. Specimens figured as B. rectangwla (Kutorga) Discussion. An incomplete ventral valve (NIGP by Chao (1929,p.60, pl. 8, fig. 3) and by Grabau (1934, 130960) clearly indicates the presence of a species of p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 9, i0) from the Wangjiaba Limestone Syringothyrididae. The valve is of average size, estimat- and the Maping Formation in Guizhou and Guangxi are ed about 55 mm in width; interarea flat and erect, more comparable in their bifurcating costae on the flanks bur than 30 mm in height, with a prominent narrowly trian- has a more transverse outline than that of the western gular delthyrium. Shoulders are angular. Sulcus is promi- Yunnan species. nent. Costae on lateral flanks are simple, approximately three in 5 mm at middle part. Ventral interior has two prominent dental plates, short, each about 8 mm long, . Family Elythidae Fredericks, 1924 and clearly convergent toward the valve floor. The Subfamily Toryniferinae Carter in Carter et a1., 1.994 svrinx is unknown.

PLATE 3

Fig. 1-4 - Elivina yunnanensis Shi, Fang & Archbold; from Member B, F\íB - 1, posterior view of a conjoined shell, NiGP130927;2, dorsal exterior, NIGP130931; 3, ventral exteriot NIGP130929; ,1, ventral exterior, NIGP13O93O, x1.5. Fig. 5-8 - Trigonotreta semicircwlaris n. sp. - 5, ventral view; x1.5, NIGP130936, holotype, from Member B,DIZ;6, dorsal view, NIGP13O938, paratype, x1.5, from Member B,DJZ; Z, dorsal viesr, NiGP130939, paratype, from Member B, SBZ; 8, dorsal view, NIGP130937, paratype, from Member B,DIZ. Fig.9-12 - Brachythyrina peregrina (Reed) - 9, 10, ventral exterior and interior, NIGP130940, x1.5, from Member A, BMJ; 11, ventral exterior, NIGP130943, from Member A, QSG; 12, ventral exterior, NIGP130944, from Member A, XJ. Fig. 13-15 - Neospirifer cÍ. orientalis (Chao) - 13, internal mould of ventral valve, NIGP130933, from Member B, DIZ;14, dorsal exterror, NIGP130932, from Member B,DJZ;15, ventral exterior, NIGP130934, from Member A, GPX. Fig. 16 - Fusispiri.fer sp. - dorsal exterior, NIGP130935, from Member A, QSG. Fig. 17, 18- Crurithyris sp.;fromMemberA,GPX-17,externalmouldof adorsalvalve,NIGP130949,x3 18,internal mouldof adorsalvalve, NIGP130950, x3. Fig. 19-22 - Phricodotlryri sp.; from Member B, F\lB - 19, 21, ventral and dorsal exteriors, NIGP13O951, x1.5, x2; 20, ventral exterror, NIGPl 30954, xI.5; 22, ventral exterior, NIGPl 30952, x1.5. Pl. 3 Early Permian Brachiopc,,ds from Yunnan 275 276 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi & K. Y Zhu

The western Yunnan specimen is likely a represen- very transverse outline, lower and apsacline ventral tative of Syringothyris or Cyrtella in terms of its high interarea instead of high and orthocline one, shorter interarea and relatively short, convergent dental plates; ventral adminicula and its distinctive micro-ornament however, its identity between Syringothyridinae and which consists of fine concentric iine with dense upright Permasyringxinae cannot be confirmed at present due to spines (Plodowski, 1968; Angiolini, 1997). Punctocyrtel- the lack of information on the syrinx, which is presum- la australis is characterised by its extremely transverse ably not preserved or absent. wedge-shaped outline, simple and moderate fold and rel- Species of Syringothyrididae are rare in the Lower atively finer costae on flanks. P. ? nagmargensis (Bion, Permian. Liu & \íaterhouse (1985) reported two 1928; Reed, 1932) from the Agglomeratic Siate of Kash- unidentifiable species from the possibly Sakmarian mir differs from P australis in its distinctive furrow on Floutoumiao Formation in Inner Mongolia. But the the fold and relatively coarser flank costae. P koopi transverse section of the Inner Mongolian specimens (Archbold, 1990,p.9, figs. 5A-E) from the Early Permi- reveal that it may be different from the present Yunnan an Cuncudgerìc Sandstone (Sterlitamakian) in the specimen in its divergent dental plates (see Liu 8r Water- southern Canning Basin has much more prominent fold house, 1985, pl. 7, frg.3). Waterhouse (1978) also tenta- and therefore more strongly uniplicate anterior cornmis- tively assigned two specimens from the Spiriferella rajah sure than P awstralis. Several specimens described as P Zone in the Senjr Formation of northwest Nepal to nagmargensis by Hu (1983, p. 109) from rhe Early Per- Syringothyris. These two poorly-preserved Nepalese mian Qudi Formation (Sakmarian) in Rurog, Tibet specimens have a more transverse outline than the pres- (Xizang) are probably conspecific with or closely com- ent Yunnan specimen. The present specimen is possibly parable to the present species in terms of their finer identical with the Himalayan shells named S. lyddekeri flank costae. Specimens figured as P spinosa Plodowski (Diener, 1903, 1915) from the Bashkirian Fenestella from the Lower Permian in southeastern Pamir by Shale of Kashmir and the Lower Permian of the Grunt & Dmitriev (1973) is also closely similar to the Himalayas, judging from the illustrations of poorly-pre- present western Yunnan specimens, but the Pamir served materials by Muir-Vood gc Okaley (1941) and species is smaller, and has a more prominent fold. \íaterhouse (1966\. Another Pamir species, P gigantea Grunt (1.993, p. 161, figs. 1a-f), also from the Early Permian Tashkazyk For- mation, differs from P austlalis in its large size, more q,,kf.-;1., D.,-"syrinxinae Waterhouse, 1986 transverse outiine and coarser cosrae. Genus Punctocyrtella Plodowski, 1968

Punctocyrtella australis (Thomas, 1971) Punctocyrtella? yunnanensis n. sp.

PI. 4, figs. 9-1.4;PI. 5, figs. 1-3, 5 Pl. 5, figs. 4, 6-8, 10, 11

1971 Cyrtella nagmargensis australis Thomas, p. 151, pl. 1 1, figs. 3-6; Holotype. An incomplete ventral valve (NIGP130969) (Pl. 5, pt. t/, rtg. z figs.4,6). 1993 Syringothyris sp. Nie et al., pl. 1, figs. 16-18 Type-level. Member A of the Dingjiazhai Formarion. Type-locality. BMJ, Baoshan, western Yunnan. Discussion. The relationship between Cyrtella Other material. Two incomplete worn ventral valves Fredericks (1924) and Pwnctocyrtella Plodowski (1968) (NIGP130970, 130971). Derivatìon nominis. After the provincial name, Yunnan. is still unclear. Punctocyrtella has been overwhelmingly Diagnosis. Transverse in outline; interarea reiatively low and considered a synonym of Cyrtella (Thomas, 1971; narrowly triangular; sulcus narrow, shallow and smooth; costae on Waterhouse, 1987; Archbold & Gaetam, 1993; Angioli- flanks simple, but some bifurcating, adminicula short, slightly diver- ni, 1995), but it may be distinguishable from Cyrtellaby genr.

PLATE 4

Fig. 1-3 - Martinia decora (Phrllips); from Member B, FVB - 1, ventral exterior, NIGP130946; 2,rentraI exterior, NIGP130947; 3, ventral exterior, NIGP130945. Fig.4-8 - Spirelytha petalformis (Pavlova) - 4, ventral exterior, NIGP130957, x1.5, from Member A, BMJ; 5, ventral exteriot NIGP130956, x1.5, from Member A, BMJ; 6, ventral exterior, NIGPl30955, from Member B, DZM; 7, dorsal exterior, NIGP130959, x2, from Member B, FWB; 8, ventral exterior, NIGP130958, x2, from Member A, BMJ. Fig. 9-14 - Punctocynella awstraLis (Thomas) - 9, 10, ventral and dorsal exteriors, NIGP130961, from Member B, YNQ; 11, internal mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130966, {rom Member B,DJZ;12, dorsal exterior, showing the groove on the fold, NIGP130964, from Member B, SBZ; 13, dorsal exterior, NIGP130967, from Member B, YNQ; i4, dorsal view of an incomplete ventral valve, showing the interarea, NIGP130962, from Member B, \íNS. Fig. 15, 16 - Syringothyrididae gen. et sp. indet. - ventral and posterior views of a ventral valve, NIGP13O960, from Member B, YNQ. Pl. I Early Permian Brachiopods from Yunnan 277

trl.'

li..,. 278 S. Z. Sben, G.R. Shi & K. Y. Zhu

Descriplion. Shell very large, more than 40 mm Discussion. The present specimens are presumably long and about 100 mm wide, extremely transverse in punctate. The transverse and triangular outline, a few outline; greatest width probably at hinge. Ventral valve subangular plications on flanks, and gently convex pro- moderately convex in profile; greatest convexity slight- file of the present specimens suggest Pwnctospirifer. ly anterior to umbo; beak bluntly pointed and curved; These specimens are very similar in outline, size and pli- interarea iow; narrowiy triangular, concave, with con- cations ro those described by Termier et al. (1974) from cavity increasing toward ventral beak; deithyrium trian- Afghanistan and by Angiolini (1995) from Karakorum. gular, open or probably partly covered by delthyrial Spiriferellina sp. of Fang (1994) from the middle part of cover on the top; beak ridges angular; sulcus originating the Dingjiazhai Formation appear to differ in having from umbo, narroq shallow and mostly likely smooth; more plications on its flanks. flank gently declined, with about 30 relatively fine and simple costae; some costae bifurcating once; growth Acknouledgement. lameilae well developed. Ventral interior with ovate and The specimens described in this paper were originally placed in deeply impressed muscle scar, probably with a short the care ofJin Yugan of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeon- tology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He generously allowed us median ridge at the apex; dental plates strong and thick (SZS t GRS) to study the specimens. Fang Zongjie and lVang Xiang- slightly convergent ventrally; adminicula mostly dong of the same institute provided useful information on the fossil embedded in thickened shell, very short, slightly diver- localities, horizons and litholog.v. \fe are also grateful to A.J. Boucot, gent ventrally. M. Gaetani, C.H.C. Brunton, I. Metcalfe and L. Angiolini for comments on the paper, however we alone are responsible for any errors Discussion. The present three ventral valves are that may remain. This study is supported by Chinese Academy of Sci- tentatively referred to Punctocyrtella rn terms of their ences (Grant K2951-81-409), CAS Hundred Talents Program in 1999 transverse outline, smooth sulcus, prominent interarea and Major Basic Research Projects of MST 1G20000777AA) of Peopìe's and the absence of a syrinx. Flowever, they appear to dif- Republìc of China. fer from all other species of Punctoqtrtella in its relatively lower rnîerarea, bifurcation of inner costae on flanks, and a narrower and shallower sulcus. Some species of REFERENCES Brachythyrina Fredericks are somewhat similar to this species in terms of their bifurcating costae on the flanks Angiolini L. (1993) - IJltrastructure of some Permian and Tri- and relatively lower interarea, but differ in their costate assic Spiriferida and Athyridida (Brachiopoda). Riz,. It. sulcus and fold externallv. Paleont. Strat., v. 99, pp. 283-306, Milano. Angiolini L. (1995) - Permian brachiopods from Karakorum (Pakistan): Part 1. (\fith appendix- new brachiopod Family Punctospiriferidae Vaterhouse, 1975 taxa from the Bolorian-Murgabian/Midian of Karako- rum). Rlz. It. Paleont. Strat.,v. 101, pp. 165-21.4, Milano. Punctospiriferinae 1975 Subfamily Waterhouse, Angiolini L. (1997) - Early Permian (Sakmarian) brachiopods Genus Punctospirifer North, 1920 from southeastern Oman. Geobios, v. 30, , pp. 379-405, Lyon. Punctospirifer afghanus Termier, Termier, Archbold N.\il (1983) - Studies on \festern Australian Permi- de Lapparent txMarin, 1974 an brachiopods 3. The FamiÌy Linoproductidae Stehli, Pl. 5, fiss. 9,12,13 1954. Prctc. À. Soc. Victctria, v. 95, pp. 237-254, MeI- bourne.

1.974 Punctospirifer afghanus Termier et al., p. 80, pl. 6, fig. 1; pl. 16, Archbold N.\( (1935) - Studies on \festern Australian Permi- fig.1 an brachiopods 5. The Family Dictyoclostidae Stehli, 1995 Punctospirifer afgbanws - Angrolìni, p. 194, pl. 5, figs. 4-6, 10 1954. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria,v.97, pp.19-30, Melbourne.

PLATE 5

Fig. 1-3, 5 - Pwnctocltrtella australis (Thomas) - 1, 2, dorsal and ventral views of a ventral valve, NIGP130963, from Member B, VNS; 3, dorsal exterior, NIGP130968, from Member B, SBZ; 5, dorsal exterior, NIGP130965, from Member B, SBZ. Fig. 4, 6-8, 1A,71- Punctocyrtella ? yunnanensls n. sp.; from Member A, BMJ - 4, 6, r'entral exterior and interior, NIGP130969; 7, 8, ventral exterior and interior, NIGP130970; 10, 11, ventral exterior and interior, NIGP13097i. Fig.9,12, 1.3 - Punctospirifer afghanus Termier, Termier, de Lapparenti Ec.Martin; from Member B, DJZ - 9, internal mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130974, x1.5;1.2, internal mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130973,xI.5;13, ventral exterior, NIGP130972, x1.5. Fig. 14-17 - Cleiotbyridína laminosa Fang; from Member C, DSP - 14, ventral exterìor NIGP1309Z7, (x1.5; 15, dorsal exterior, NIGP130980, x1.5; 16, dorsal exterior, NIGP130979, x1.5,;17, ventral exterior, NIGP130978, x1.5. Fig. 18-20 - Dielasma ? sp.; from Member B, DIZ - 18, ventral interioq NIGP13O987; 19, dorsal interior, showing the socket ridges, NIGP130986; 20, latex of the specìmen NIGP130986. Fig.21 - Hustedia sp. - internal mould of a dorsal valve, NIGP130982, (x3, from Member C,DJZ. Fìg. 22 -23 - Dielasma ? c[. glabrum Tong - r'entral and dorsal exterior, NIGP130983, (x3, from Member A, QSG. rl. ) Early Permian Brachiopods from Yunnan 279

W14 ffi16 @17 ww 18 19 2 284 S. Z. Shen, G.R. Shi G K. Y. Zhu

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