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Educating China: Knowledge, Society, and Textbooks in a Modernizing World, 1902–1937 Peter Zarrow Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11547-7 - Educating China: Knowledge, Society, and Textbooks in a Modernizing World, 1902–1937 Peter Zarrow Index More information Index 1911 Revolution, 219, 243 textbooks of, 59, 136 as turning point, 18, 27, 45, 77, 84, 96, 232, Chinese Communist Party, 3, 28, 143. See also 244 communism Nationalists’ views of, 36, 130, 155, 188, citizenship, 67, 123, 210, 249 206 American, 108–109, 196 textbook treatments of, 2, 111, 126, 142, as educational goal, 10, 11, 29, 31, 36, 167, 175, 182, 186, 188, 195–200, 213 205–212, 240 in civics textbooks, 77–79, 83–95, 98, 101, 111, 113–115, 119–123, 132, 137–138, Akiyama Shiro,¯ 81 141–145 anti-communism, 3, 39, 113 in geography textbooks, 221, 232 anti-imperialism, 3, 6, 28, 35, 67, 121, 123, in history textbooks, 153, 166, 186, 198, 126, 127, 140, 206, 209. See also 199 imperialism in language primers, 41, 43, 57, 60 anti-Manchuism, 26, 28, 35, 54, 186, 208. See civic virtue, 94, 104, 121, 139 also Manchu civics. See citizenship, civic virtue anti-superstition campaign. See superstition civil service examination system, 9, 12, 16, 44, Asia, 57, 60, 94, 150, 151, 175, 187, 232, 234, 133 236, 241, 274 Civilization Press, 17, 25, 57, 81, 151 geographic concept of, 50, 54, 214, 230, clan, 52, 68, 152, 169, 170, 239. See also 232, 238 family Classic of Filial Piety, 25, 82 Bagley, William, 196 classical Chinese, 2, 24, 25, 34, 44–48. See Bailey, Paul, 246 also vernacular Chinese Beard, Charles, 196 Commercial Press, 17, 25, 27, 69, 81, 206 Boxer Uprising, 178–179, 198, 200, 202–203, Chinese language primers of, 42, 44, 45, 206, 208 59 Burma, 179, 194, 198, 219, 220 Nanjing Decade textbooks of, 132 Republican textbooks of, 96 Cai Yuanpei, 28, 33–36, 84, 89, 93, 153 communism, 3, 39, 118. See also Chinese capitalism, 48, 61, 117, 125, 126, 134, 135, Communist Party; anti-communism 206, 237, 240 Confucian classics, 8–9, 12, 22, 25, 27, 42–48, censorship, 18, 25, 39, 83, 182 81–86, 129, 147 Central Asia, 179, 187, 194, 236. See also in Japan, 80 Inner Asia Confucianism, 66, 79, 90, 94, 96, 144, 159, Chaoshi, 167, 169, 253 223, 236, 247 Chen Baoquan, 92 as educational goal, 19, 21, 24, 84, 86 Chen Duxiu, 31 criticism of, 31, 47, 111 Chen Hongmou, 83 in Japanese schools, 14 Chiang Kai-shek, 28, 35, 113, 141, 209 Nationalists’ views of, 113, 145 China Bookstore, 27 Confucius, 19, 20, 21, 49, 82, 84, 85, 129, 181, teacher’s manual, 122, 125 230–231, 236, 244 279 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11547-7 - Educating China: Knowledge, Society, and Textbooks in a Modernizing World, 1902–1937 Peter Zarrow Index More information 280 Index constitutional government, 16, 26, 36, 49, 87, girls’ education, 13, 15, 19, 29, 31, 46, 58, 86, 123, 130, 188, 198, 211, 223 115, 134 description of, 57, 91, 107, 145, 225, Great Learning, 78, 82, 93, 129, 239 231–232, 250 Gu Jiegang, 155, 167 movement for, 1, 83, 163, 179, 182 Guomindang, 27, 35, 116, 121, 142, 203, 206, Culp, Robert, 36, 43, 45, 47, 145, 251 240, 241. See also Nationalists curriculum, 10, 12, 146, 148 education policies of, 35, 48, 121, 143, 154, 1920s, 32–35, 47, 86–88, 113 251 early Republic, 27, 29, 30–31, 84–86, 105, ideology of, 67, 130, 140, 196, 210, 251 108, 111, 114, 153, 206, 220 late Qing, 13, 20–23, 25, 42–45, 81–83, 95, Han 150–151, 218 dynasty, 125, 155, 164, 166, 174, 175, 191, Meiji, 79–81 208, 212, 223 Nanjing Decade, 35–39, 48, 67, 79, people, 148, 164, 172, 175, 177, 189–194, 113–115, 119–121, 142–144, 149, 199, 203, 211, 214, 223, 226–229, 230, 153–156, 221, 251 242 as Chinese, 26, 35, 125, 157, 193, 198, Dai Jitao, 35, 36 217, 239 democracy, 26, 35, 36, 45, 47, 48, 57, 67, one of “five races,” 55, 211, 219, 235 106–107, 112, 116–121, 129–135, 166, origins of, 53, 157, 158, 161, 168, 227, 172, 199, 207, 210, 221, 225. See also 236 republicanism Han Feimu, 170, 171, 191, 201, 208 American, 196 Han Wudi, 180, 199, 255 Dewey, John, 32, 111 He Bingsong, 148–149 Ding Baoshu, 151, 158, 161, 163, 175, 178, Hill, Michael Gibbs, 45 180 Hong Kong, 2, 178, 201, 233, 243 Ding Cha’an, 236 Hou Hongjian, 224 Hu Chaoyang, 173, 174, 199, 207 Enlightenment Bookstore, 27, 69 Hu Shi, 46, 48, 68 Extending Knowledge Bookstore, 17 Huang Donglan, 216 Hui, 55, 124, 191, 192, 212, 219, 227, 235, family, 1, 20, 46, 48, 51–52, 63, 71, 76, 84–88, 239, 241 89–95, 99, 111, 114, 138, 166, 215, rebellion of, 197 239, 247–249. See also clan hygiene, 99, 113, 114, 249 relationship to state, 2, 77–81, 119, 129, as school subject, 7, 9, 33, 35, 37, 88, 114 203, 232 in civics textbooks, 87, 93, 96, 101, 103, Fan Zhongyan, 199 115, 130 Fan Zuoguai, 170, 171, 191, 201, 208 in geography textbooks, 225, 242 Fei Xiewei, 190, 210 in Japan, 81 Feng Zikai, 69 in language primers, 41, 64–65 filial piety, 1, 12, 20, 49, 51, 77, 78, 82, 83–86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 96–98, 111, 119, Imperial Rescript on Education, 15, 80 128, 143, 163, 239 imperialism, 38, 48, 50, 68, 111, 116–119, in Japan, 14, 80–81 123–127, 135, 136, 139, 143, 148, 149, five races 153–154, 196, 200–203, 206–212, 217, peoples of China, 55, 68, 166, 186, 188, 219, 230, 232, 235, 237–238, 240–245. 190, 192, 198, 199, 205, 210, 219 See also anti-imperialism world races, 54, 218, 227 Inner Asia, 193, 195. See also Central Asia Fu Guangnian, 162, 170, 179 Fu Yunsen, 200 Japan. See also Meiji Fuxi, 162, 167, 169 as model, 92 threat from, 3, 71, 169, 188, 192, 209, 233, Gao Buying, 92 237, 240, 243 Gao Shiliang, 143 Jiang Jianqiu, 200, 207 gender, 58, 63, 81, 104, 142, 215 Jiang Weiqiao, 167, 186, 199 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-11547-7 - Educating China: Knowledge, Society, and Textbooks in a Modernizing World, 1902–1937 Peter Zarrow Index More information Index 281 Jimmu, 81, 152, 181, 255 Meiji Restoration, 14, 116, 152, 202, 240 Jin Zhaozi, 194, 211 Mencius, 51, 62, 68, 82, 84, 129, 166, 222 Meng, Yue, 40 Kang Youwei, 179 Miao, 53, 124, 157, 158, 227, 229, 230, 242, Kaske, Elisabeth, 42, 44 256 Kong Rong, 73, 74 Ming dynasty, 11, 12, 42, 50, 53, 155, 166, Korea, 56, 177, 187, 201, 219, 220, 232, 243 174–177, 179, 187, 189–194, 199, 200, colonized by Japan, 116, 125, 152, 178, 208 218, 234, 240 Ming Taizu, 190, 199. See also Zhu Yuanzhang traditional Chinese dependency, 178, 179, Ministry of Education, 13, 92 193, 195, 198 early Republic, 27, 29, 32, 34, 39, 45, 153, 219 Lacouperie, Terrien de, 157 late Qing, 14, 18, 25, 49, 82–84, 218 Li Jiagu, 91 Nanjing Decade, 36, 123, 150, 154, 155 Li Tinghan, 234 textbooks by, 25, 43, 68, 84 Liang Qichao, 46, 48, 56, 59, 126, 147, 165, missionary schools, 11, 13, 14, 37, 125, 251 217 missionary textbooks, 217 Liezi, 68 Miyama Torataro,¯ 57 Lin Shu, 45 Mongol, 55, 124, 157, 160, 174–175, 187, literacy, 12, 25, 40, 41–46, 48, 138, 246 189–194, 212, 214, 217, 223, 226–229, Liu Jianbair, 89–91 235, 239, 241 Liu Shipei, 26, 158 Mongolia, 106, 187, 193, 228, 234, 242 ethics textbook of, 95–96 Montesquieu, 172 geography textbook of, 229–230 moral education. See self-cultivation history textbook of, 172 Liu Yizheng, 24, 151 Nanjing government, 3, 5, 25, 27, 39, 49, 115, loyalty, 8, 14, 19, 20–21, 49, 56, 68, 77, 123, 132, 188, 196, 210, 212 79–85, 88, 90, 119, 128, 142, 143, 144, educational policies of, 7, 39, 113, 130, 150, 152, 182, 192, 199, 239, 243 245, 251 Lü Simian, 60, 61, 64, 65, 155, 165, 186, 200, Nankai Academy, 31 213 Nanyang gongxue, 18 narrativization, 8, 9, 41, 44, 71, 102, 108, 125, Ma Pengnian, 139, 241 148, 149, 151, 152, 171–172, 177, 181, Macao, 56, 233 184, 194, 196, 200, 204–209, 213, 214, Manchu, 214, 223, 234 247–249 as race, 55, 124, 157, 166, 167, 177, 198, nation, 18, 21, 22, 28, 34, 84, 89, 151, 154, 211, 217, 219, 225, 226, 228–230, 235, 172, 196, 199 239, 241 as educational goal, 9, 10, 17, 20, 28, 35, Qing rulers, 26, 39, 54, 127, 160, 176, 185, 36, 121, 144, 147, 247 190–194, 211, 240 historical roots of, 3, 24, 128, 150, 152, Manchuria, 71, 166, 178, 200, 218, 223, 234, 154, 157, 159, 161, 168, 188, 242 237, 240, 241, 243 identity of, 52, 68, 77, 79, 80, 91, 125, 128, maps, 149, 214, 219, 222, 240, 248, 249 137, 153, 171, 181, 193, 212, 228, 230, geographical, 214, 218, 229 237, 239, 247 highlighting China’s losses, 56, 201, 241 national character, 150, 188, 226, 239. See historical, 156, 175, 179, 181, 193, 194, 195 also nation, race of Sun Yat-sen, 135 National Essence Journal, 26, 95, 172 Marxism, 110, 118–119, 170, 184 national humiliation, 21, 179, 197, 200, 201, May Fourth movement, 2, 125, 206, 209, 210, 219, 234, 241 241 nationalism, 6, 194, 201, 211, 237, 241, 247.
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