DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 3 Natural Environment of Bhutan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 3 Natural Environment of Bhutan Ministry of Works and Human Settlement Japan International Cooperation Agency (MoWHS) (JICA) The Project for Formulation of Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhutan 2030 Final Report Volume II Existing Conditions and Development Issues June 2019 RECS International Inc. Research Institute for Urban & Environmental Development, Japan Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Currency equivalents (as of 10 May 2019): BTN1.00=INR 1.00 BTN1.00=USD 0.01426 BTN1.00=JPY 1.57 Source: OANDA.COM (http://www.oanda.com) The Project for Formulation of Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhutan 2030 Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives and Outputs ............................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Study Area and Administrative Setting ..................................................................... 1-2 1.3.1 Study Area and Basic Data of Bhutan ........................................................... 1-2 1.3.2 Local and National Administrative Structure ................................................ 1-4 1.3.3 Administrative Boundaries ............................................................................ 1-5 1.4 Arrangements for Implementing the Project ........................................................... 1-10 1.5 Project Schedule ...................................................................................................... 1-13 1.6 Project Reports ........................................................................................................ 1-14 CHAPTER 2 VISION OF THE EXISTING NATIONAL POLICY AND THE PLAN FOR BHUTAN ......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan ............................................................ 2-1 2.2 The Existing National Policy and Strategy ............................................................... 2-3 2.2.1 Strategy for Gross National Happiness ......................................................... 2-3 2.2.2 Bhutan 2020 .................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3 The Existing Five-Year Development Plan ............................................................... 2-7 2.3.1 The 11th Five-Year Plan (2013~2018) .......................................................... 2-7 2.3.2 The 12th Five-Year Plan (2018~2023) .......................................................... 2-9 2.4 The Existing Sectoral Policy and Plan .................................................................... 2-13 2.5 Sustainable Development Goals ............................................................................. 2-16 CHAPTER 3 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF BHUTAN ................................................. 3-1 3.1 Climate ...................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Climatic Zones in Bhutan .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Meteorological Data ...................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Topography ............................................................................................................... 3-4 3.3 Geology ..................................................................................................................... 3-6 3.4 Soil ............................................................................................................................ 3-9 3.5 Fauna and Flora ....................................................................................................... 3-10 3.5.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 3-10 3.5.2 Flora ............................................................................................................ 3-10 3.5.3 Fauna ........................................................................................................... 3-11 3.5.4 Threatened Species ...................................................................................... 3-12 3.6 Water System and Water Resources ........................................................................ 3-13 3.6.1 Water Resources at the National and Local Levels ..................................... 3-13 3.6.2 Water System ............................................................................................... 3-14 3.6.3 Water Supply System .................................................................................. 3-16 3.7 Bhutanese Significance of Enriched Enviornment ................................................. 3-16 CHAPTER 4 THE SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF BHUTAN .............................. 4-1 4.1 Population and Migration .......................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Demographic Composition and Population Distribution .............................. 4-1 4.1.2 Migration ....................................................................................................... 4-4 4.2 GDP and Economic Structure ....................................................................... 4-7 4.3 Employment ............................................................................................................ 4-14 i The Project for Formulation of Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhutan 2030 Final Report 4.4 The Renewable Natural Resources (RNR) Sector and Agriculture ........................ 4-16 4.4.1 The Current Conditions and Organization of the RNR Sector and Agriculture ..................................................................................................................... 4-16 4.4.2 Policy and Programme of the RNR and Agricultural Sectors ..................... 4-41 4.5 Forestry Industry ..................................................................................................... 4-46 4.5.1 Current Conditions and Organization of the Forestry Industry ................... 4-46 4.5.2 Policies and Programmes for Forestry ........................................................ 4-57 4.6 Livestock ................................................................................................................. 4-59 4.6.1 Current Conditions and Organization of Livestock .................................... 4-59 4.6.2 Policies and Programmes for Livestock ...................................................... 4-67 4.7 Industry ................................................................................................................... 4-68 4.7.1 Current Conditions and Organization of Manufacturing ............................ 4-68 4.7.2 Industrial Policies and Programmes ............................................................ 4-75 4.8 Mining ..................................................................................................................... 4-76 4.8.1 Current Conditions and Organization of Mining ........................................ 4-76 4.8.2 Mining Policies and Programmes ............................................................... 4-79 4.9 Tourism ................................................................................................................... 4-80 4.9.1 Current Conditions and Organization of the Tourism Sector ...................... 4-80 4.9.2 Tourism Policies and Programmes .............................................................. 4-88 4.10 Cottage and Small Industries .................................................................................. 4-89 4.10.1 Current Conditions and Organization of Cottage and Small Industries ...... 4-89 4.10.2 Policies and Programmes for Cottage and Small Industries ....................... 4-92 4.11 Investment Promotion ............................................................................................. 4-94 4.11.1 Current Conditions and Organization of Investment Promotion................. 4-94 4.11.2 Investment Climate ..................................................................................... 4-96 4.12 Public Finance System .......................................................................................... 4-100 CHAPTER 5 SPATIAL PATTERN AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF BHUTAN ......................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Existing Land Cover ................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.1 Land Cover in 2010 ....................................................................................... 5-1 5.1.2 Land Cover in 2016 ....................................................................................... 5-3 5.1.3 Latest Land Cover in 2017 ............................................................................ 5-5 5.2 Urban Area and Settlement Distribution ................................................................... 5-7 5.2.1 Settlement Distribution ................................................................................. 5-7 5.2.2 Urban Population and Population Density .................................................. 5-10 5.3 Transport
Load more

Recommended publications
  • World Bank Document
    Small Area Estimation of Poverty in Bhutan Poverty Mapping Report 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized National Statistics Bureau, Bhutan Poverty and Equity Global Practice, The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized December 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Acknowledgements: This report and the poverty map estimation was authored by Dung Doan (Consultant, The World Bank), in collaboration with the National Statistics Bureau (NSB) of Bhutan. The preparation of the report was led by Yeon Soo Kim (Economist, The World Bank). Benu Bidani (Practice Manger, The World Bank) and Chhime Tshering (Director, NSB) provided overall guidance to the team. Helpful comments and technical guidance were provided by Minh Cong Nguyen (Senior Data Scientist, The World Bank) and Paul Andres Corral Rodas (Data Scientist, The World Bank) and are gratefully acknowledged. Abbreviations BIC Bayesian Information Criterion BLSS Bhutan Living Standards Survey PHCB Population and Housing Census of Bhutan CI Confidence Interval GNHC Gross National Happiness Commission NSB National Statistics Bureau SE Standard Error SD Standard Deviation I. Introduction Bhutan has made great strides in reducing poverty over the last decade. The official national poverty rate declined from 23.2 percent in 2007 to 8.2 percent in 2017; most of this improvement came from rural areas with rural poverty decreasing from 30.9 to 11.9 percent during this period. This is particularly remarkable given a largely agrarian economy and the challenges arising from sparse population settlement patterns. However, there are large differences in poverty levels across Dzongkhags. A good understanding of the geographic distribution of poverty is of great importance to guide policies to realize Gross National Happiness – Bhutan’s development philosophy that emphasizes a holistic and inclusive approach to sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Bhutan's Accelerating Urbanization
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No.: 62072 Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT REPORT KINGDOM OF BHUTAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (CREDIT 3310) June 13, 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized IEG Public Sector Evaluation Independent Evaluation Group Public Disclosure Authorized Currency Equivalents (annual averages) Currency Unit = Bhutanese Ngultrum (Nu) 1999 US$1.00 Nu 43.06 2000 US$1.00 Nu 44.94 2001 US$1.00 Nu 47.19 2002 US$1.00 Nu 48.61 2003 US$1.00 Nu 46.58 2004 US$1.00 Nu 45.32 2005 US$1.00 Nu 44.10 2006 US$1.00 Nu 45.31 2007 US$1.00 Nu 41.35 2006 US$1.00 Nu 43.51 2007 US$1.00 Nu 48.41 Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank BNUS Bhutan National Urbanization Strategy CAS Country Assistance Strategy CPS Country Partnership Strategy DANIDA Danish International Development Agency DUDES Department of Urban Development and Engineering Services (of MOWHS) GLOF Glacial Lake Outburst Flood ICR Implementation Completion Report IEG Independent Evaluation Group IEGWB Independent Evaluation Group (World Bank) MOF Ministry of Finance MOWHS Ministry of Works & Human Settlement PPAR Project Performance Assessment Report RGOB Royal Government of Bhutan TA Technical Assistance Fiscal Year Government: July 1 – June 30 Director-General, Independent Evaluation : Mr. Vinod Thomas Director, IEG Public Sector Evaluation : Ms. Monika Huppi (Acting) Manager, IEG Public Sector Evaluation : Ms. Monika Huppi Task Manager : Mr. Roy Gilbert i Contents Principal Ratings ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Small Area Estimation of Poverty in Rural Bhutan
    Small Area Estimation of Poverty in Rural Bhutan Technical Report jointly prepared by National Statistics Bureau of Bhutan and the World Bank June 21, 2010 National Statistics Bureau South Asia Region Economic Policy and Poverty Royal Government of Bhutan The World Bank Acknowledgements The small area estimation of poverty in rural Bhutan was carried out jointly by National Statistics Bureau (NSB) of Bhutan and a World Bank team – Nobuo Yoshida, Aphichoke Kotikula (co-TTLs) and Faizuddin Ahmed (ETC, SASEP). This report summarizes findings of detailed technical analysis conducted to ensure the quality of the final poverty maps. Faizuddin Ahmed contributed greatly to the poverty estimation, and Uwe Deichman (Sr. Environmental Specialist, DECEE) provided useful inputs on GIS analysis and creation of market accessibility indicators. The team also acknowledges Nimanthi Attapattu (Program Assistant, SASEP) for formatting and editing this document. This report benefits greatly from guidance and inputs from Kuenga Tshering (Director of NSB), Phub Sangay (Offtg. Head of Survey/Data Processing Division), and Dawa Tshering (Project Coordinator). Also, Nima Deki Sherpa (ICT Technical Associate) and Tshering Choden (Asst. ICT Officer) contributed to this analysis, particularly at the stage of data preparation, and Cheku Dorji (Sr. Statistical Officer) helped to prepare the executive summary and edited this document. The team would like to acknowledge valuable comments and suggestions from Pasang Dorji (Sr. Planning Officer) of the Gross National Happiness Commission (GNHC) and from participants in the poverty mapping workshops held in September and December 2009 in Thimphu. This report also benefits from the feasibility study conducted on Small Area Estimation of poverty by the World Food Program in Bhutan.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Clean Energy Development in Bhutan (Financed by the Government of Norway)
    Technical Assistance Report Project Number: 47275 Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance (PATA) March 2014 Kingdom of Bhutan: Promoting Clean Energy Development in Bhutan (Financed by the Government of Norway) The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 6 January 2014) Currency unit – Norwegian krone/kroner (NKr) NKr1.00 = $0.1621 $1.00 = NKr6.1682 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank DHPS – Department of Hydropower and Power Systems DRE – Department of Renewable Energy JCG – joint consultation group MRV – measurement, reporting, and verification MW – megawatt NAMA – nationally appropriate mitigation action NEC – National Environment Commission PMU – program management unit TA – technical assistance TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION Type – Policy and advisory technical assistance (PATA) Targeting – General intervention classification Sector (subsectors) – Energy (renewable energy, energy efficiency and conservation, large hydropower) Themes (subthemes) – Environmental sustainability (eco-efficiency, environmental policy and legislation); social development (human development); capacity development (institutional development); private sector development (a conducive policy and institutional environment) Climate change – Climate change mitigation Location (impact) – National (high), urban (low), rural (low) Partnership – Government of Norway, Energy+ Partnership,
    [Show full text]
  • Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan
    Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan Adam Pain and Deki Pema∗∗ Introduction A concern for the maintenance of traditional values and customs in the processes of modernisation within Bhutan is evident in much of Bhutan’s official documentation. The fundamental importance given to the maintenance and fostering of Buddhism, its beliefs and associated institutions reflected in Bhutan’s rich culture, is constantly returned to and emphasized in commentary. Thus the establishment of the Special Commission for Cultural Affairs in 1985 “is seen as a reflection of the great importance placed upon the preservation of the country’s unique and distinct religious and cultural traditions and values, expressed in the customs, manners, language, dress, arts and crafts which collectively define Bhutan’s national identity” (Ministry of Planning, 1996, p.193). Equally the publication of a manual on Bhutanese Etiquette (Driglam Namzhag) by the National Library of Bhutan was hopeful that it “would serve as a significant foundation in the process of cultural preservation and cultural synthesis” (Publishers Forward, National Library, 1999). One strand of analysis that could be pursued concerns the very construct of “traditional” and what is constituted as “within” or “without” that tradition. As Hobsbawm (1983) reminds us with respect to the British Monarchy, much of the ceremonial associated with it is of recent origin. Equally national flags, national anthems and even the nation state, are, as Hobsbawm would have it, “ invented traditions” designed largely to “ inculcate certain values and norms of behaviour by repetition, which automatically implies continuity with ∗ Research Fellow, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia & Planning Officer, Policy & Planning Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu 219 Continuing Customs of Negotiation and Contestation in Bhutan the past” (op.
    [Show full text]
  • Black-Necked Crane Conservation Action Plan for Bhutan (2021 - 2025)
    BLACK-NECKED CRANE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR BHUTAN (2021 - 2025) Department of Forests and Park Services Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Royal Government of Bhutan in collaboration with Royal Society for Protection of Nature Plan prepared by: 1. Jigme Tshering, Royal Society for Protection of Nature 2. Letro, Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services 3. Tandin, Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services 4. Sonam Wangdi, Nature Conservation Division, Department of Forests and Park Services Plan reviewed by: 1. Dr. Sherub, Specialist, Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Department of Forests and Park Services. 2. Rinchen Wangmo, Director, Program Development Department, Royal Society for Protection of Nature. Suggested citation: BNC 2021. Black-necked Crane Conservation Action Plan (2021-2025), Department of Forests and Park Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, and Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Thimphu, Bhutan དཔལ་辡ན་འབྲུག་ག筴ང་། སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་辷ན་ཁག། ནགས་ཚལ་དང་ག콲ང་ཀ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ݴངས། Royal Government of Bhutan Ministry of Agriculture and Forests Department of Forests and Park Services DIRECTOR Thimphu MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR The Department of Forests and Park Services has been mandated to manage and conserve Bhutan's rich biodiversity. As such the department places great importance in the conservation of the natural resources and the threatened wild fauna and flora. With our consistent conservation efforts, we have propelled into the 21st century as a champion and a leader in environmental conservation in the world. The conservation action plans important to guide our approaches towards conserving the species that are facing considerable threat.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses
    6 Dzongs of Bhutan - Architecture and Significance of These Fortresses Nestled in the great Himalayas, Bhutan has long been the significance of happiness and peace. The first things that come to one's mind when talking about Bhutan are probably the architectures, the closeness to nature and its strong association with the Buddhist culture. And it is just to say that a huge part of the country's architecture has a strong Buddhist influence. One such distinctive architecture that you will see all around Bhutan are the Dzongs, they are beautiful and hold a very important religious position in the country. Let's talk more about the Dzongs in Bhutan. What are the Bhutanese Dzongs? Wangdue Phodrang Dzong in Bhutan (Source) Dzongs can be literally translated to fortress and they represent the majestic fortresses that adorn every corner of Bhutan. Dzong are generally a representation of victory and power when they were built in ancient times to represent the stronghold of Buddhism. They also represent the principal seat for Buddhist school responsible for propagating the ideas of the religion. Importance of Dzongs in Bhutan Rinpung Dzong in Paro, home to the government administrative offices and monastic body of the district (Source) The dzongs in Bhutan serve several purposes. The two main purposes that these dzongs serve are administrative and religious purposes. A part of the building is dedicated for the administrative purposes and a part of the building to the monks for religious purposes. Generally, this distinction is made within the same room from where both administrative and religious activities are conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Farming and Biodiversity of Pigs in Bhutan
    Animal Genetic Resources, 2011, 48, 47–61. © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011 doi:10.1017/S2078633610001256 Farming and biodiversity of pigs in Bhutan K. Nidup1,2, D. Tshering3, S. Wangdi4, C. Gyeltshen5, T. Phuntsho5 and C. Moran1 1Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction (REPROGEN), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia; 2College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa, Bhutan; 3Department of Livestock, National Pig Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan; 4Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Lingmithang, Bhutan; 5Department of Livestock, Regional Pig and Poultry Breeding Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Gelephu, Bhutan Summary Pigs have socio-economic and cultural importance to the livelihood of many Bhutanese rural communities. While there is evidence of increased religious disapproval of pig raising, the consumption of pork, which is mainly met from imports, is increasing every year. Pig development activities are mainly focused on introduction of exotic germplasm. There is an evidence of a slow but steady increase in the population of improved pigs in the country. On the other hand, indigenous pigs still comprise 68 percent of the total pig population but their numbers are rapidly declining. If this trend continues, indigenous pigs will become extinct within the next 10 years. Once lost, this important genetic resource is largely irreplaceable. Therefore, Government of Bhutan must make an effort to protect, promote and utilize indigenous pig resources in a sustainable manner. In addition to the current ex situ conservation programme based on cryopre- servation of semen, which needs strengthening, in situ conservation and a nucleus farm is required to combat the enormous decline of the population of indigenous pigs and to ensure a sustainable source of swine genetic resources in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Sl.No Name of Religious and Cultural Sites
    Travelling guide to religious and cultural sites in Bumthang Dzongkhag Gewog : Choekhor Sl.No Name of religious and cultural sites Description of sites Nearest road Distance from Distance to Contact person Contact Remarks point Chamkhar town the site number from the 1 Tashi Gatshel Dungtsho Lhakhang The main nangten of the Lhakhang are statues of Lusibi 20 Km 5 Mins Walk Tashi Tshering, 17699859 Guru Nangsi , Tempa, Chana Dorji. Caretaker 2 Sanga Choling Lhakhang The main relice of the Lhakhang is Guru Tshengye statuDhur toe 20 Km 5 Mins Walk Kezang Dorji, 17778709 Caretaker 3 Dhurm Mey Dungkhor Lhakhang The main nangten of the lhakhang are painiting of Dhurmey 19 Km 15 Mins Yeshi Pema, 17554125 Guru Rinpoche and Tshepamey. Caretaker 4 Dhur Dungkhor Lhakhang The main relices of lhakhang are statues of Chenrizey Dhurmey 19 Km 10 mins Ngawang 17577992 and Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal. walk 5 Dhendup Choling Lhakhang The main relices of Lhakhang are Desum Sangay and Dhurmey 19 Km 15 mins Lam Kinley 17603534 Guru Sangay 6 Barsel Lamsel/Dawathang Lhakhang The main relices of Lhakhang is Statues of Guru Dawathang 7 Km 1 min walk Kezang Dawa, Car 77661214 Rinpoche and a small, grey image of Thangtong Gyalpo. 7 Lhamoi Nyekhang The main relice of the Lhakhang is Guru Tshengye statuDawathang 7.5 Km 10 mins Choney Dorji, Lam 17668141 walk 8 Kurjey Guru Lhakang Status of Guru Rimpoche and Guru mediated in one Kurjey 7 Km 1 min walk Kinley, Caretaker 77113811 caves and left body imprint. 9 Kurjey Sampalhendup Lhakhang The main nangten is status of Guru Rinpoche.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review
    Health Sy Health Systems in Transition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 s t ems in T r ansition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review The Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (the APO) is a collaborative partnership of interested governments, international agencies, The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review foundations, and researchers that promotes evidence-informed health systems policy regionally and in all countries in the Asia Pacific region. The APO collaboratively identifies priority health system issues across the Asia Pacific region; develops and synthesizes relevant research to support and inform countries' evidence-based policy development; and builds country and regional health systems research and evidence-informed policy capacity. ISBN-13 978 92 9022 584 3 Health Systems in Transition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review Written by: Sangay Thinley: Ex-Health Secretary, Ex-Director, WHO Pandup Tshering: Director General, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health Kinzang Wangmo: Senior Planning Officer, Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health Namgay Wangchuk: Chief Human Resource Officer, Human Resource Division, Ministry of Health Tandin Dorji: Chief Programme Officer, Health Care and Diagnostic Division, Ministry of Health Tashi Tobgay: Director, Human Resource and Planning, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan Jayendra Sharma: Senior Planning Officer, Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health Edited by: Walaiporn Patcharanarumol: International Health Policy Program, Thailand Viroj Tangcharoensathien: International Health Policy Program, Thailand Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies i World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. The Kingdom of Bhutan health system review.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge for Development in Bhutan Messages of Japanese Volunteers from the Ground
    Knowledge for Development in Bhutan Messages of Japanese Volunteers from the Ground JOCV Program in Bhutan: Celebrating 30 years of friendship ©2018 JICA All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the contributors and not necessarily of JICA. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without permission from the publisher. ISBN: 978-99980-844-0-7 A JICA Bhutan Publication PO Box 217. Thimphu, Bhutan Printed at Kuensel Corporation Ltd., Thimphu, Bhutan Contents Foreword 1 A Study on the implementation of UNDOKAI in Bhutan: Katsho Lower Secondary School’s case 3 Significance and methodology of creating grid square GIS statistical data in Bhutan 20 Status of HPE in Bhutan and proposals for improving HPE lesson Aiming at improving self-evaluation ability through rubric evaluation 34 Improvement of Bhutanese building’s air-tightness and insulation for energy efficiency and CO2 reduction. 57 School Sports Program: Present state, issues and considerations 72 Present situation & characteristics of domestic high-value processed food product businesses A case of Happy Chips and Chuniding Food 93 A survey on TTI graduates employment and current status of Bhutan’s construction site 122 The role of health and healthy lifestyle class in Bhutan 136 Country Office as part of the JICA volunteer program Background and its implementation in Bhutan 152 Afterword JOCV programme and I 178 Cooperation with locals, key to satisfaction 180 Knowledge for Development in Bhutan Messages of Japanese Volunteers from the Ground Foreword It is already 30 years since the first Japanese volunteer was dispatched to Bhutan in 1988 under the Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer (JOCV) Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Bhutan Interior Highlands Tour with Bumthang Day Hike 11Days
    Bhutan Interior Highlands Tour with Bumthang day hike 11days Itinerary Overview Day 01: ARRIVE PARO – THIMPHU Day 02: THIMPHU – THIMHPU THIMPHU – PUNAKHA/WANGDUE Day 03: Day 04: PUNAKHA – TRONGSA Day 05: TRONGSA – BUMTANG Day 06: BUMTANG – BUMTANG Day 07: BUMTANG – BUMTANG HIKE Day 08: BUMTANG – TRONGSA-GANGTEY/PHOBJIKHA Day 09: GANGTEY – PARO VIA WANGDUE Day 10: PARO – PARO Day 11: PARO – FLY OUT Bhutan has one foot in the 21st century and the other planted right back in the medieval ages. As such, the country draws much of its identity from its ancient culture, customs and traditions, the kind of which the rest of the world has lost a long time ago. Culture is Bhutan’s biggest tourist attraction. Starting this year, Norter Adventures has combined its cultural itinerary with other finer aspects of Bhutanese way of life, which are enthralling but little known to the outsiders. One such aspect is the ancient wisdom behind phallus symbols and fertility worship. This tour will introduce our guests to this age-old belief and the role it plays in modern- day Bhutan while also providing glimpses into the mainstream Bhutanese culture as in the Buddhist influences, art, craft and architecture, food and cuisine, language, customs, etc. HIGHTLIGHT OF THE GLIMPLSE OF BHUTAN TOUR Spectacular views of Mt Everest (8,848 m), Kanchenjunga (8,586m) and Lhotse (8,414 m); and a literal adrenaline-pumping landing on the roof of the world. A panoramic view of the snow-capped eastern Himalayas and a multitude of alpine flowers and birds; Bhutan’s ancient capital and Temple of Fertility.
    [Show full text]