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Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) De La Argentina

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Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) De La Argentina Tesis Doctoral Morfología, sistemática, filogenia y bionomía de Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) de la Argentina Libonatti, María Laura 2016 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Libonatti, María Laura. (2016). Morfología, sistemática, filogenia y bionomía de Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) de la Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n6067_Libonatti Cita tipo Chicago: Libonatti, María Laura. "Morfología, sistemática, filogenia y bionomía de Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) de la Argentina". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12110/tesis_n6067_Libonatti Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Morfología, sistemática, filogenia y bionomía de Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) de la Argentina Tesis presentada para optar por el título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS María Laura Libonatti Directores de tesis: Dr. Mariano C. Michat Dr. Miguel Archangelsky Consejero de estudios: Dr. Axel O. Bachmann Lugar de trabajo: Laboratorio de Entomología, IBBEA, CONICET-UBA. Buenos Aires, marzo 2016 Morfología, sistemática, filogenia y bionomía de Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) de la Argentina Se presenta una revisión exhaustiva de las especies de escarabajos de pantano (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scirtidae) que habitan en la Argentina. Se estudió detalladamente la morfología de la familia y de los distintos géneros, se describieron o redescribieron todas las especies halladas en el país, sobre la base de la observación de material tipo, estudiado in situ en museos o pedido en préstamo a dichas instituciones, material colectado en viajes de campaña o recibido en donación. Se incluyen ilustraciones del hábito y de los genitales masculinos y femeninos, datos actualizados sobre la distribución y una discusión taxonómica para cada especie. Además, se proponen claves para la identificación de los adultos a nivel genérico y específico, se analizan las relaciones filogenéticas de la familia incluyendo 49 géneros de Scirtidae y 62 caracteres de la morfología imaginal, y se proveen datos sobre la bionomía de la familia. Se hallaron seis géneros: Contacyphon Gozis, Ora Clark, Scirtes Illiger, Prionocyphon Redtenbacher, Pseudomicrocara Armstrong e Ypsiloncyphon Klausnitzer; estos últimos tres se registran por primera vez de la Argentina. Microcara Thomson es excluido de la Argentina porque M. fueguensis Bourgeois fue ubicada erróneamente en dicho género. Se reconocieron 41 especies, de las cuales 12 se habían citado con anterioridad en este país, 16 son especies nuevas para la ciencia y nueve se citan por primera vez para el territorio argentino (Contacyphon cadornai Pic, C. maculatus Solier, Ora atroapicalis Pic, O. bivittata Pic, O. depressa (Fabricius), O. semibrunnea Pic, Prionocyphon samueli Klausnitzer, Pseudomicrocara obliquata (Solier) y Scirtes rufobinotatus Pic). Una especie de Contacyphon, una de Ora y dos especies de Scirtes no pudieron ser identificadas. Contacyphon robusticorne Pic no pudo ser incluida en el presente estudio dado que no pudo hallarse el holotipo. Se designa un lectotipo para Ora bruchi Pic, se propone elevar al nivel de especie a Scirtes adustus diversenotatus Pic, S. brevenotatus mediolineatus Pic y S. brevenotatus wagneri Pic. Asimismo, se proponen las siguientes nuevas combinaciones: Ora mediolineata (Pic) comb. n., O. wagneri (Pic) comb. n., Pseudomicrocara antarctica (Fairmaire) comb. n., P. obliquata (Solier) comb. n. y P. patagonica (Curtis) comb. n. Las conclusiones más relevantes del análisis cladístico son: el origen polifilético de Scirtidae tal como está definida actualmente, la monofilia de Scirtinae, la relación cercana entre Contacyphon y Prionocyphon, el origen monofilético de los saltadores, la relación hermana entre Ora y Scirtes, el anidamiento de Pseudomicrocara dentro un clado de géneros australianos y la relación distante entre Ypsiloncyphon y Contacyphon. Este trabajo representa un incremento significativo del conocimiento acerca de la morfología, la diversidad, la filogenia y la bionomía de Scirtidae de la Argentina y es el primero en América del Sur en abordar profundamente esta temática. Palabras claves: Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Scirtidae, escarabajos de pantano, taxonomía, nuevas especies, nuevas combinaciones, nuevos registros, Argentina Morphology, systematics, phylogeny, and bionomics of Scirtidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga) from Argentina A comprehensive revision of the species of marsh beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scirtidae) inhabiting Argentina is presented. The morphology of the family and the different genera was studied in detail, all the species found in the country were described or redescribed based on examination of type material, either studied in situ in museums or borrowed from those institutions, material collected in field trips or received as donation. Illustrations of habitus of male and female genitalia, updated information about distribution, and a taxonomic discussion for each species are included. Moreover, keys for the identification of adults at generic and specific levels are proposed, the phylogenetic relationships of the family are analysed including 49 genera of Scirtidae and 62 characters of adult morphology, and bionomical data of the family are provided. Six genera were found: Contacyphon Gozis, Ora Clark, Scirtes Illiger, Prionocyphon Redtenbacher, Pseudomicrocara Armstrong and Ypsiloncyphon Klausnitzer; the latter three are recorded for the first time from Argentina. Microcara Thomson is excluded from Argentina since M. fueguensis Bourgeois was misplaced in that genus. Forty-one species were recognized, of which 12 had already been cited in this country, 17 are new species, and nine are first cited from Argentina (Contacyphon cadornai Pic, C. maculatus Solier, Ora atroapicalis Pic, O. bivittata Pic, O. depressa (Fabricius), O. semibrunnea Pic, Prionocyphon samueli Klausnitzer, Pseudomicrocara obliquata (Solier) and Scirtes rufobinotatus Pic). One species of Contacyphon, one of Ora and two species of Scirtes and could not be identified. Contacyphon robusticorne Pic could not be included since its holotype was not found. A lectotype is designated for Ora bruchi Pic. Scirtes adustus diversenotatus Pic, S. brevenotatus mediolineatus Pic and S. brevenotatus wagneri Pic are raised to species level. Additionally, the following new combinations are proposed: Ora mediolineata (Pic) comb. n., O. wagneri (Pic) comb. n., Pseudomicrocara antarctica (Fairmaire) comb. n., P. obliquata (Solier) comb. n. and P. patagonica (Curtis) comb. n. The most relevant conclusions of the cladistic analysis are: polyphyletic origin of Scirtidae as presently defined, monophyly of Scirtinae, close relationship between Contacyphon and Prionocyphon, monophyletic origin of saltatorial Scirtidae, sister group relationship between Ora and Scirtes, nesting of Pseudomicrocara within a clade of Australian genera, and distant relationship between Ypsiloncyphon and Contacyphon. This work represents a significant increase in knowledge on the morphology, diversity, and bionomics of Scirtidae from Argentina and is the first one in South America in addressing the subject thoroughly. Key words: Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Scirtidae, marsh beetles, taxonomy, new species, new combinations, new records, Argentina Índice de contenidos 1. Introducción………………………………………………………………..................... 1 1.1. Presentación………………………………………………………………………….. 1 1.2. Antecedentes históricos………………………………………………………………. 1 1.2.1. Nominación de la familia…………………………………………………………... 1 1.2.2. Estudios sistemáticos sobre la familia Scirtidae a nivel mundial…………………... 2 1.2.3. Estudios sistemáticos sobre la familia Scirtidae en el neótropico………………….. 3 1.2.4. Estudios sistemáticos sobre la familia Scirtidae en la Argentina…………………... 9 1.2.5. Estudios sobre la filogenia y la clasificación………………………………….…… 11 1.3. Objetivos……………………………………………………....................................... 11 2. Materiales y métodos.…………………………………………………………….……. 11 2.1. Área de estudio y procedencia del material………………………………….………. 11 2.2. Técnicas de colecta……………………………………………………….…………... 12 2.3. Técnicas de cría………………………………...……………………….……………. 13 2.4. Estimación del número de estadios larvales…………………………….……………. 14 2.5. Depositarios…………………………….……………………………….……………. 14 2.6. Identificación taxonómica…………………………………………….……………… 14 2.7. Técnicas de disección………………………………………………….…….……….. 18 2.8. Técnicas de ilustración…...…………….……………………...................................... 18 2.9. Descripciones…………….…………………………….……...................................... 18 2.10. Terminología………....………………………………………………………..........
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