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Home , Abronia campbelli, Abronia taeniata, Atheris desaixi, Calotes nigrilabris, Canterbury gecko, Cape rock gecko

UNEP-WCMC technical report

Preliminary list of which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17

(Version edited for public release)

Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in 2 preparation for CoP17

Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium

Published April 2015

Copyright European Commission 2015

Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2015. Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.

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Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17 As a major importer of wildlife, the EU is considering potential engagement with range States to support their preparations in the context of the upcoming 3 CITES CoP17. To define priorities, the European Commission compiled an initial selection of species, based largely on Altherr (2014), and requested UNEP- WCMC to provide high-level information on these taxa. Table 1 presents a preliminary overview of relevant data for this initial assessment of species. EU Member States are invited to consider which of these species may require further action, such as more detailed reviews and/or consultation with range States. Member States are also invited to suggest any other taxa not included in the table but that could merit consideration, as well as taxonomic groups of potential interest that could be investigated in more detail to identify non-listed species that may be threatened by trade. Table 1: Preliminary overview of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions Primates Cercopithecidae Macaca sylvanus Morocco, Algeria, extinct Categorised as Endangered by IUCN in 2008 Maximum lifespan: 22 years, Reported as a significant EU Trade suspension in (Barbary macaque) in Tunisia, introduced in (Butynski et al., 2008). mean 18.3 years; age at first threat to wild population place since 1997. Gibraltar (Butynski et al., birth: 4.8 years; interbirth (Butynski et al., 2008). 2008). Estimated population decline rate exceeding interval: 1 year (Lindenfors, Estimates of unsustainable Currently in Appendix 50% over the last 3 generations (24 years) and 2002). numbers of juveniles II/Annex B. expected to continue (Butynski et al., 2008). captured for sale (up to 300 Main , cedar and oak forests in Social in female dominated juveniles per year) mountainous regions, under threat from groups of 10-88 individuals (Lavieren, 2008). logging, overgrazing and clearance (Butynski (Ménard and Vallet, 1993), et al., 2008). Population declines due to loss of (Lindenfors, 2002). habitat, fragmentation, restriction of access to water and pet trade (Butynski et al., 2008). Reptilia nigrilabris Not assessed by IUCN. Clutches of 2-4 eggs No information was found - (Black cheeked ) (central highlands (Thasun Amarasinghe et al., reporting trade as a threat. (Thasun Amarasinghe et Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red 2011). al., 2011). List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at Offered for sale online in less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri Occurs in tropical moist the EU (Altherr, 2014). Lanka, 2012). Smaller area of occupancy montane forest sites and 2 (about 300 km ) estimated by Bahir and grasslands between 1000 Surasinghe (2005). Common but restricted to 5 and 2400 m above sea level isolated mountain-top sites (Bahir and (Bahir and Surasinghe, Surasinghe, 2005); population declining 2005). (Karunarathna et al., 2011).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU 4 (Common name) discussions Calotes versicolor , , Not assessed by IUCN. Clutch sizes of 3-14 (Xiang No information was found - (Common garden lizard) , , et al., 2002), and 11-23 reporting trade as a threat. , , Iran, Laos, Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the national reported (Daniel, 1983); , , Red List (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, multiple clutches per season , , 2012). Considered to be the most common reported in captive , , Sri Lanka, agamid lizard of India (Daniel, 1983). Common specimens (Xiang et al., , Viet Nam in open, man-made but less common 2002). Sexually mature in 9- (Nguyen et al., 2009). or rare in forested areas in Peninsular 12 months (Das, 2010). Introduced into Malaysia (Grismer, 2011). , Occurs in anthropogenic (, Java) and USA habitats from sea level to (Florida) (Das, 2010). 1400m above sea level in Sri Lanka (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005). Ceratophora stoddartii Sri Lanka (central Not assessed by IUCN. Clutch size of 6-13 eggs No information was found - (Rhino-horned lizard) highlands (Bahir and (Pethiyagoda and reporting trade as a threat. Surasinghe, 2005). Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red Manamendra-Arachchi, List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at 1998). Offered for €2200- less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri 2500/pair (Altherr, 2014). Lanka, 2012). Smaller area of occupancy Restricted to tropical moist (about 200 km2) estimated by Bahir and montane forest sites Surasinghe (2005). Uncommon and restricted between 1200 (Bahir and to >10 isolated mountain-top sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005) and Surasinghe, 2005). 2200m above sea level (Bambaradeniya, 2006). ceylanica Sri Lanka Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous (Manamendra- No information was found - (Pygmy lizard) (central highlands (Bahir Arachchi et al., 2006) and reporting trade as a threat. and Surasinghe, 2005)). Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red considered rare (Altherr, List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at 2014). Offered for sale online in less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri the EU (Altherr, 2014). Lanka, 2012). Rare and restricted to 4 isolated Restricted to tropical moist mountain-top sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, montane forest sites 2005). between 1300 and 2200 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005); according to Manamendra- Arachchi et al. (2006) restricted to forest above 1700 m. Lyriocephalus scutatus Sri Lanka Categorised as Near Threatened by the IUCN Clutches of 2-4 eggs Use in pet trade reported - (Hump snout lizard) (southwest wet zone in 2009 (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010). (Suranjan Karunarathna and (Suranjan Karunarathna (Somaweera and de Thasun Amarasinghe, 2013). and Thasun Amarasinghe, Silva, 2010)). Classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the national Red 2013), and considered a threat which is reducing List, with an extent of occurrence estimated at population numbers

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions 5 2 Lyriocephalus scutatus less than 5000 km (Ministry of Environment Occurs in tropical moist (Somaweera and de Silva, (Hump snout lizard) (cont.) Sri Lanka, 2012). Extent of occurrence lowland forest up to 1650 m 2010). estimated at less than 17400 km2 by IUCN above sea level (Bahir and Offered for sale online in (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010). Much Surasinghe, 2005). the EU (Altherr, 2014). smaller area of occupancy (about 800 km2) estimated by Bahir and Surasinghe (2005). Uncommon and restricted to >10 sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005). Unknown population trend (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010). wiegmanni Sri Lanka Not assessed by IUCN. Clutches of 4-5 eggs (Bahir No information was found - (Sri Lankan kangaroo (Bahir and Silva, 2005). and Silva, 2005). reporting trade as a threat. lizard) Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the national Red List (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, Occurs in tropical moist Offered for sale online in 2012). Extent of occurrence estimated at about lowland forest, scrublands, the EU (Altherr, 2014). 10 000 km2 (Bahir and Silva, 2005). Common degraded forests, and occurs at >30 sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, plantations, and rural 2005). gardens up to 1350 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005). campellii Endemic to one location Categorised as , with a Abronia species are Collection for the pet trade - (Campbell's alligator lizard) in eastern Guatemala decreasing population trend, by IUCN in 2013, viviparous, as an reported as one of the main (Ariano-Sánchez et al., with the following justification: “it has a very to their cool mountain habitat threats (Ariano-Sánchez et 2013). restricted distribution (about 18 km2), occurs at (CONABIO, 2014). They al., 2013). only one location, and is subject to a have low reproductive rates continuing decline in the extent and quality of (CONABIO, 2014). the habitat due to cattle raising, and in the number of mature individuals due to the illegal pet trade.” (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013). Population estimated at around 500 individuals (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013). Abronia deppii Endemic to a relatively Categorised as Endangered, with a decreasing See Abronia campellii. Flores-Villela & Santos- Mexico submitted small area in central population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the Barrera (2007) noted that information document Mexico (CONABIO, following justification: “the extent of occurrence “ might be collected AC27 Inf. 16 providing an 2014). is probably less than 5,000km², populations for the pet trade, although account of the are severely fragmented and there is a the impact of this collection conservation status, use, continuing decline in the area and quality of on wild populations is management and trade in forest habitat (Flores-Villela & Santos-Barrera, unclear.” The international Abronia species 2007). pet trade was considered distributed in Mexico. As to be a threat by CONABIO part of this document, Considered “rare” and categorised as (2014). CONABIO (2014) Mexico invited comments “threatened” nationally (CONABIO, 2014). found specimens for sale that could be incorporated online for €300- in a revised version for 1000/individual. AC28 if needed.

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU 6 (Common name) discussions Abronia fimbriata Endemic to central- Categorised as Endangered, with an unknown See Abronia campellii. Reported to be in the illegal - (Fringed arboreal alligator eastern Guatemala population trade, by IUCN in 2014, with the pet trade (Acevedo et al., lizard) (Acevedo et al., 2014). following justification: “it has a restricted extent 2014). of occurrence of around 1,500 km2, is present Reported to be found for in fewer than 5 locations (counting each sale online for €2800/pair sierra's cloud forest as a single location with (Altherr, 2014). respect to the threat of habitat loss or degradation), and is subject to a continuing decline in the extent and quality of the habitat due to habitat loss and conversion.” (Acevedo et al., 2014). Abronia gaiophantasma Endemic to central- Categorised as Endangered, with an unknown See Abronia campellii. No data on trade as a - (Brilliant arboreal alligator eastern Guatemala population trade, by IUCN in 2014, with the threat were reported to be lizard) (Ariano-Sánchez et al., following justification: “it has a restricted available for this species 2014). distribution (approximately 750 km2), is present (Ariano-Sánchez et al., in fewer than 5 locations (with respect to 2014). threats to known occupied habitat patches), and is experiencing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat due to habitat loss and conversion.” (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2014). Abronia lythrochila Endemic to relatively Categorised as Least Concern, with a stable See Abronia campellii. CONABIO (2014) found See Abronia deppii. small areas in southern population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the specimens for sale online Mexico (CONABIO, following justification: “it is common within its for €450-1100/individual. 2014). restricted distribution, it is presumed to have a Trade not reported as a large population, it appears to be adaptable to threat. some habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category” (Campbell & Muñoz-Alonso 2007).

Considered common and stable within its restricted distribution, but categorised nationally as “Threatened” (CONABIO, 2014). Abronia martindelcampoi Endemic to a relatively Categorised as Endangered, with a decreasing See Abronia campellii. The pet trade was See Abronia deppii. small area in south- population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the considered to be a threat western Mexico following justification: “its extent of occurrence (CONABIO, 2014). (CONABIO, 2014). is less than 5,000 km², all individuals are in CONABIO (2014) found fewer than five locations, and there is specimens for sale online continuing decline in the extent and quality of for €500-1200/individual. its habitat.” (Canseco-Márquez et al., 2007). Trade not reported as a Considered moderately abundant (Canseco- threat. Márquez et al., 2007; CONABIO, 2014).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions 7 Abronia taeniata Endemic to relatively Categorised as Vulnerable, with a decreasing See Abronia campellii. The international pet trade See Abronia deppii. (Bromeliad arboreal small areas in population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the considered to be a threat alligator lizard) central/eastern Mexico following justification: “its extent of occurrence (CONABIO, 2014). Illegal (CONABIO, 2014). is less than 20,000 km², its distribution is collection for this trade was severely fragmented, and there is continuing reported by Canseco- decline in the extent and quality of its primary Márquez & Mendoza- forest habitat.” (Canseco-Márquez & Mendoza- Quijano (2007) and Quijano, 2007). CONABIO (2014) found specimens for sale online Reported to be a common species (Canseco- for €600-800/individual. Márquez & Mendoza-Quijano, 2007; CONABIO, 2014). Categorised as “Under Special Protection” nationally (CONABIO, 2014). Dactylochnemis pacificus Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous, annual Illegal trade considered to Listed in CITES Appendix (Te Paki ) (North Island and offshore reproductive cycle, usually be a threat to New Zealand III/EU Annex C as islands (Hitchmough, Classified as ‘Relict’ in a national conservation twins produced (Hitchmough, (Prop. 12.33). pacificus 1997)). assessment on the basis of documented 1997). Longevity in captivity (at the level). See decline over the last 1000 years and now reported to be 3-4 years Offered for €1700/ also notes for occupying less than 10% of its former range (Bowler, 1977 in Bell, 2010) specimen (Altherr, 2014). Mokpirirakau granulatus (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Population noted to and estimated age to and be greater than 20 000 and stable or maturity reported to be 3-4 brunneus. increasing at greater than 10% (Hitchmough et years (Bell, 2010). al., 2013). Population noted to have partial declines in and to be partly conservation dependant (Hitchmough et al., 2013). granulatus New Zealand (northern Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous, annual Illegal trade considered to Listed in CITES Appendix () half of the North Island, of one or two be a threat to New Zealand III/EU Annex C as some offshore islands Classified as ‘At Risk’ in a national young is typical for the genus geckos (Prop. 12.33). Hoplodactylus granulatus and Marlborough, Nelson, conservation assessment, as area of (Hitchmough, 1997). (at the genus level). Westland in the South occupancy less than 100 km2 and population Arboreal in a variety of forest Offered for €5300/pair Generic change proposed Island) (Nielsen et al., considered to be declining and to be “data and scrub (Bell, 2010). (Altherr, 2014). by Nielsen et al. (2011) as 2011). poor” (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Previously Longevity in captivity outlined in AC27 Doc. considered abundant in forest and shrubland reported to be 8-9 years 25.1. The AC throughout its range (Hitchmough, 1997). (Rowlands, 1981 in Bell, recommended adoption of 2010). Nielsen et al. (2011) as standard reference for New Zealand gecko genera and Hoplodactylus.

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU 8 (Common name) discussions Woodworthia brunneus New Zealand Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous with litters of one Illegal trade considered to Listed in CITES Appendix () (south Marlborough, or two young, gestation lasts be a threat to New Zealand III/EU Annex C as Canterbury Plains) Classified as ‘At Risk’ in a national four months (Hitchmough, geckos (Prop. 12.33). Hoplodactylus pacificus (Hitchmough, 1997). conservation assessment, because of 1997) or up to 14 months in (at the genus level). See declining population, but population estimated cold habitats/uplands (Cree, “Intensive collection for the also note above. Taxon at >100 000 with a 10-70% predicted decline 1994). Maximum recorded pet shop trade” from near underwent a species split (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Much reduced life expectancy was 42 years Christchurch reported as well as a generic distribution in Canterbury Plains and patchy a on predator free island (Hitchmough, 1997). change. occurrence elsewhere (Hitchmough, 1997). (Bannock et al., 1999). Slow maturation and low fecundity suggest low potential for recover from impacts of mammalian predators (Bannock et al., 1999).

Offered for €2200/pair (Altherr, 2014). New Zealand Not assessed by IUCN. Longevity estimated at over Illegal trade considered to Listed in CITES Appendix (New Zealand common (south and east of the 20 years (Anastasiadis and be a threat to New Zealand III/EU Annex C as gecko) North Island and Classified as ‘Not Threatened’ in a national Whitaker, 1987). Captive geckos (Prop. 12.33). Hoplodactylus maculatus northwest of the South conservation assessment, with a large, stable specimens reported to live 8- (at the genus level). See Island (Nielsen et al., population (Hitchmough et al., 2013). 9 years (Rowlands, 1981, in Offered for €2200/pair also note for 2011)). Considered abundant in the southern North Bell, 2010). Reaches (Altherr, 2014). Mokopirirakau granulatus. Island and on many offshore islands in the maturity in four years 1990s (Hitchmough, 1997), but population later (Whitaker, 1982 in Bell, considered declining and some reported to be 2010). conservation dependant (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Cnemaspis psychedelica Viet Nam (Hon Khoai Not assessed by IUCN. Gravid females of with two Public access to island - (Psychedelic rock gecko) Island) (Grismer et al., eggs and clusters of eggs in where it occurs is restricted 2014). Endemic to Hon Khoai Island off south coast of rock cracks reported (Altherr, 2014), but Grismer Viet Nam, about 8 km2 (Grismer et al., 2014). (Grismer et al., 2014). et al., (2014) reported poaching and sale of illegally collected specimens.

Offered for €2500- 3000/pair (Altherr, 2014).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions 9 kuroiwae Japan Categorised as Endangered by the IUCN in Clutches of 1-2 eggs, with 1- Illegal collection for pet (Okinawan ground gecko) (Ryuku Islands) 2009 (Ota, 2010). 3 clutches per breeding trade reported (Ota, 2010). (Ota, 2010). season (Ota, 2010). Five extant subspecies recognised; one Offered for €120/individual subspecies, G. k. toyami, considered (Altherr, 2014). ‘Critically Endangered’, three subspecies ‘Endangered’ and one ‘Vulnerable’ on national red list (Ota, 2000). One extinct subspecies recently described (Nakamura et al., 2014). Restricted distribution with extent of occurrence of approximately 1600km2 (Ota, 2010). Population trend unknown and no population information available (Ota, 2010). williamsi Tanzania Categorised as Critically Endangered by IUCN Presumed continuous Collection for the Listed on Annex B of EU (Turquoise gecko) (four forest areas in east in 2012 (Flecks et al., 2012b). reproduction throughout the international pet trade was WTR on 20/12/2014. Tanzania (Flecks et al., year and relatively high reported to be a major 2012a)). Only known from area of approximately 20 km2 reproductive output (Flecks threat to the population and area of occupancy of 8 km2, et al., 2012a). (Flecks et al., 2012a). At decreasing population trend, estimated to have least 15% of the population declined by one third between 2004 and 2012 was reported to have been (Flecks et al., 2012b). Main population at collected over a 4.5-year Kimboza Forest was estimated to be 150 000 period during 2004-2009 adults in 2009 (Flecks et al., 2012a). (Flecks et al., 2012a). spp. Seven Australian species (Uetz and Hošek, No information found on No information was found - (Australian leaf-tailed 2015). longevity. reporting trade as a threat. gecko) Oviparous, with clutch size of S. cornutus was assessed as Least Concern two (AROD, 2015). See also Saltuarius by IUCN in 2010 and thought to be common Genus formerly members of within range but with unknown population trend species below. genus (Cogger, 2010); the remaining species have Leaf-tailed geckos in this not been assessed by the IUCN. (and two other genera) are localized to isolated 1. S. cornutus: wet tropics of northeast or rocky regions Queensland (Hoskin and Couper, 2013). but collectively occur through 2. S. eximius: only known from Cape Melville much of the coastal ranges National Park (Hoskin and Couper, 2013). of eastern Australia (Hoskin 3. S. kateae: known from two sites in north and Couper, 2013). New South Wales (Couper et al., 2008). 4. S. moritzi: North New South Wales (Couper et al., 2008). 5. S. swaini: known from north New South Wales and south Queensland (Couper et al., 2008). 6. S. wyberba (see below). 7. S. salebrosus (see below).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU 10 (Common name) discussions Saltuarius salebrosus Australia Not assessed by IUCN. No information found on No information was found (Rough-throated leaf-tail longevity. reporting trade as a threat. gecko) Known from and rocky habitats of Oviparous with clutch size of east Queensland (Hoskin and Couper, 2013). two (AROD, 2015). Offered for €350- Rare throughout its range (Bauer, 1990). 500/specimen (€1000 /adult female) (Altherr, 2014). Saltuarius wyberba Australia Not assessed by IUCN. No information found on No information was found (Wyberba leaf-tailed gecko) longevity. Oviparous with reporting trade as a threat. Described from southeastern Queensland clutch size of two (AROD, (Couper et al., 1997). Occurs in northern New 2015). Offered for €350- South Wales (Couper et al., 2008). Populations 500/specimen (€1000 situated within national parks and nature /adult female) (Altherr, reserves and state forests with restricted 2014). access (Couper et al., 2008). Ctenosaura pectinata Mexico; introduced in Not assessed by IUCN. Annual reproductive cycle, Commercial exports (Mexican spiny-tailed Florida and Texas (Lever, with an average clutch size prohibited (Altherr, 2014); iguana) 2003). Considered to be ‘Threatened’ nationally of 31 eggs (Castro-Franco et hunted for food in some (Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos al., 2011). Longevity of up to regions (Aguirre-Hidalgo, Naturales, 2010). The identity of specimens 12 years reported (Aguirre- 2008). from Guatemala referred to under this name Hidalgo, 2008). needs to be verified (Buckley et al., 2011). Offered for €1500/pair Population densities in Oaxaca estimated to be (Altherr, 2014). 21-102 specimens/km2 (Zurita-Carmona et al., 2009).

Lanthanotidae Lanthanotus borneensis Endemic to Borneo, Not assessed by IUCN. Previously known only from Reported to be CoP1 proposal for (Earless ) where it occurs in one area and very few occasionally offered on inclusion in Appendix I Indonesia (West- (Yaap et Poorly known due to cryptic and nocturnal specimens (Yaap et al., internet, with interest withdrawn by UK. al., 2012) and East habits (Pianka et al., 2004); considered rare 2012). Biology is little known, growing; high uniqueness Province (Nijman and Stoner, 2014), but widely known it occupies moist habitats and rarity value (Nijman Only monitor lizard not (Nijman and Stoner, by the local resident population (Yaap et al., and is probably semi-aquatic and Stoner, 2014). Offered covered by CITES. 2014)) and in Malaysia 2012). and partly subterranean for €8000-10000/pair TRAFFIC published a ( Province) (Pianka and Vitt, 2003). (Altherr, 2014). report (see Nijman and (Yaap et al., 2012). Recently reported claims of Stoner, 2014) requesting first captive breeding (Nijman ML and ID to list it on and Stoner, 2014). Clutches Appendix I (and Appendix of 2-5 eggs (Das, 2010). III in the interim).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions 11 Scincidae Tiliqua gigas Indonesia, Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous, with 5-25 Indonesian 2014 MEP Listed on EU Annex D in (Giant bluetongue ) Papua New Guinea (Noel, neonates (O’Shea and figures include a production 1997 but removed from 2014). Three subspecies identified from New Guinea Halliday, 2002). figure of 1730 animals from the Annexes in 2005. and adjacent islands (Noel, 2014). Inhabits five facilities. remote areas; population status not well known Captive females of related (Noel, 2014), but in the 1980s reported to be species reported to reach Offered for sale online in widespread in lowland areas all over mainland maturity in 18-24 months, the EU (Altherr, 2014). New Guinea and some surrounding islands gestation lasts 3-4 months; (Mys, 1988), in the 1990s described as 5-22 young per litter (Noel, “uncommon” (Shea, 1990 in Austin et al., 2014). 2008).

Tiliqua rugosa Australia Not assessed by IUCN. 1-3 live young per female per Attempted smuggling (Shingleback lizard) year, reaches maturity in reported (Alacs and Widely distributed in southern half of Australia third year (Bull, 1987). Georges 2008). (Hancock and Thompson, 1997). Common in Reported population South Australia (Lancaster et al., 2012). densities of 2-3 per hectare Abundant in southern Western Australia (Bull, 1987) and 0.3 to 5.5 (Wilson, 2006). per hectare on transects reported by Bull (1995). Low recruitment levels; to sustain populations, adults must live over 20 years (Bull, 1995). Longevity estimated at 20-50 years (Bull, 1995). desaixi Endemic to Kenya Not assessed by IUCN. Female reported to have Illegal trade in the species A CoP13 proposal by (Mt Kenya bush viper) (Spawls et al., 2002). given birth to 13 young reported, with capture of Kenya to list the species Endemic species to forest patches around Mt. (Spawls et al., 2002). specimens for trade cited in Appendix II (CoP13 Kenya, where two isolated populations were Reported to have been bred as a primary threat (CITES Prop. 30) was withdrawn. known (Ashe, 1968), with possible further in captivity (Meidinger, CoP13 Prop 30). populations reported (Spawls et al., 2002). 1998). Habitat reported to be under threat (Spawls et al., 2002).

No information available on population sizes, but decreasing trend inferred (CITES CoP13 Prop 30).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU 12 (Common name) discussions Atheris mathildae Endemic to a restricted Not assessed by IUCN. No published information on Collection from the wild (Matilda's horned viper) area in Tanzania (Wallach life history but establishment considered a potential et al., 2014). Described in 2011 from forest in Southern of a breeding programme in threat to this species Highlands of Tanzania and likely to have a Tanzania reported by (Menegon et al., 2011). small extent of occurrence and small area of Menegon et al. (2011). occupancy (Menegon et al., 2011).

Menegon et al. (2011) proposed categorising the species as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN guidelines on the basis of its small extent of occurrence.

Bitis arietans Morocco, Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous, number of young Common in survey of Proposed for inclusion in (African puff adder) Mauritania, Western dependent on size and market in Togo Appendix II by the UK Sahara, Senegal, Common in open country in east altitude, reported litter sizes (Segniagbeto et al., 2013). (CoP1 Prop. 532) Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, (Spawls et al., 2002). Cited as very common from 11 for a small individual Guinea, Algeria, Mali, (Breen, 1974) and reported in medical to 156 for a captive female Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, literature as public health issue because of (Spawls et al., 2002). Litters Ghana, Burkina-Faso, numerous incidents of injuries to humans are of 20-40 reported to be Togo, Benin, Niger, (Habib, 2013). born in late summer (Alexander and Marais, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, 2007). Ehtiopia, Somalia, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, , Yemen (Wallach et al., 2014). Bitis worthingtoni Endemic to the central rift Not assessed by IUCN. Viviparous, 7-12 young Trade was considered to CoP13 Prop. 31 by Kenya (Kenyan horn viper) valley in (Spawls et al., (Spawls et al., 2002). be a primary threat to the was withdrawn. 2002). Restricted distribution on the slopes of central species and illegal trade Rift Valley (Spawls et al., 2002), but no from Kenya was reported population estimates are available (CoP13 (CoP13 Prop. 31). Prop. 31).

Scientific name Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU (Common name) discussions 13 Chelidae Elseya novaeguineae Indonesia, Papua New Categorised as Lower Risk/least Concern by Clutches of 6 eggs (Bonin et Harvested for pet trade Assessed as potential (New Guinea snapping Guinea; introduced into IUCN in 2000, based on 1994 al., 2006). under synonym E. schultzi candidate for listing for turtle) Palau (Van Dijk et al., categories/criteria (Asian Turtle Trade Working (Lyons et al., 2013). CoP12 at AC19, but 2014). Group, 2000). Regularly caught for food although it was believed (Bonin et al., 2006) and that “all the remaining Assessed as ‘Least Concern’ by the IUCN smuggled for the pet trade non-CITES listed species Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist (Moll and Moll, 2004). of Asian turtles should be Group in 2011 (Van Dijk et al., 2014). Widely listed under the distributed in Papua New Guinea (Bonin et al., Indonesian 2014 MEP Appendices of CITES”, as 2006). figures include production it was not considered at figure of 2096 animals from risk, it was one of the three facilities. species that was not put forward in the interest of Damaged individual offered time (AC19 Doc15.1). for €75 (Altherr, 2014). Actinopterygii Apogonidae Pterapogon kauderni Indonesia Categorised as Endangered by the IUCN in Maturity at one year, low High levels of trade Proposal for App II listing (Banggai cardinal fish) (Banggai archipelago of 2007 (Allen and Donaldson, 2007). fecundity, low dispersal reported but legal fishing at CoP 14 withdrawn by east Sulawesi and some ability and distributed in industry reported to be USA (CoP14 Prop.19). introduced populations Small area of occupancy and decreasing isolated subpopulations over contributing to improved Listed on EU Annex D (Allen and Donaldson, population trend (Allen and Donaldson, 2007). 74 sites around 30 islands conservation of shallow since 11/4/2008. 2007). High offtake reported for export (Yahya et al., (Allen and Donaldson, 2007). water ecosystems of 2012) and increasing threats to habitat Banggai Archipelago including harvest of species which provide (Moore et al., 2012). important microhabitat for recruits (Moore et al., 2012).

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