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Stream Insects Anc! Gastropods in the Island of Gran Canaria (Spain)

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Stream Insects Anc! Gastropods in the Island of Gran Canaria (Spain) , -r % .+ Annls Lirnnol. 31 (4) 1998 : 413-435 Stream insects anc! gastropods in the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) A. ir;. XiissonI B. blalmqvist' 31. Báez' J. H. Blackburn? P. D. Armitage: Kéywords : aquatic insects, gavopodj. streams, Canxy Islands. The current status of the stream-living insects and gastropods of the island of Gran Canaria in the Atlantic Canary Islands is documented. Data from semiquantitative kick samples taken in 11 sveams are supplemented by non-standardized collecting in the same and ten additional streams. The kick samples included some 9.OOO specimens of 9s taxa, and in total 123 taxa were recorded from the studied streams in 1994 and 1993. The stream fauna was dominated by Diptera with some 80 taxa, followed by Coleoptera with 37 species known from the island. The kick samples yielded 11-36 species per sveam and visit, whcreas up to 4S spccies were scored when al1 collecting methods were included. Local diversity given as Fishcr's a ranged from 3.2 to 10.3. Clustering showed only weak spatiai panerns and resultcd in much highcr similarities among locaiities when based on the semiquantitative samples than when based on presencdabsence including records from ali coiiecting methods. Species disa-ibu- tions among localities were not significantiy nested. 'ihe faunal similarity wirh the adjaccnt island of Tenerife is smking. SU. of the Tenerife species are seemingly absent from Gran Canaria, whereas Gran Canaria has 13 species not found in Tenerife. Most of the 22 aquatic insect species in Gran Canaria oniy known from oldcr records. prefer lentic habitats not included in OUT study. Al1 except one of the five species endemic to Gran Canaria are considered extinct or on the edge of extinction. Increased future extinction rates are predicted as a response of the extreme habitat loss. with only three permanent streams known on the island toda. Les insectes et les gastéropodes d'eau courante de I'ile de Gran Canana Fpagne) Mots-clés : insectes aquatiques. gastéropodes, cours d'eau, Iles Canaries. La situarion actuelle des populations d'insectes et de gastéropodes d'eau courante de l'ile de Gran Canaria (Iles Canaries, Océan Atlantique) est évalute. Des données obtenues par «kick sarnplesm semi-quantitatifs et provenant de 11 cours d'eau ont ¿té aupmentées par des récoltes non standudisées, effectuées sur les memes cours d'eau et sur dix cours d'eau supplémentaires. Les <<kicksamples.. ont collecti qüelqucj 9.000 spicimens appartenant 5 9s taxons ec. pu total. 173 taxons ont éti recensés des cours d'eau étudiis en 1931 et 1995. La faune d'eau courante est dominé? par les Dipttrcs avec quelques 80 taxons, suivis des Coléo- pttrts avec 37 especes connues de l*ile.Les «kick sarnples»* ont permis de recenser de 11 & 36 especes par cours d'eau et date de préltvement. tandis que jusqu'a 48 especes sont dénombrécs quand toutes les mithodes de prélevement son[ urilisies simul- tinément. La diversité spécifique locale selon a de Fisher varic de 3.2 a 10.3. Une classification hiérarchique rCv& seulement dé faibles structures spatiales et aboutit & des similarités entre stations beaucoup plus élevées lorsqu'elle est baséc sur des préle- vernents semi-quantitatifs plutdt que sur la présencelabsence prenant en compte les citations obtenues par toutes les mCthodes de préltvement. Les liaisons especes-stations nc sont pas significatives. La similaritt faunistique avec I'ile voisine de yntrife est frappanré. Six des especes de Tíninfe sont vraisemblablement absentes de Gran Canaria. tandis que cette dcrniere renferme 13 csptccs non trouvées ?I Tinirife. La plupyt des 27 esptces d'insectes aquatiques de Gran Canaria qui sont seulement connues par des citxions anciennes. préftrent des habitats lentiques non pns en compre dans notre étude. A I'exception de I'une d'entre elles. les cinq esp+ces endimiques de Gran Canaria sont considirées comme éteintes ou en voie d'extinction. Des taux d'extinc- tion accrus sont a envisagcr I'avenir. conséquence de I'ex!ri?rne régression des habitats qui se traduit par le rnaintien. aujour- d'hui. de seulernent trois cours d'eau permanents connus. 1. Depmnenr of Animal Ecology. U'niversity of Urne;, SE-901 87 L'rnea. Swedcn. 2. Deparmear of Zoology. Unibersity ofL3 Lapna. 39206 La Laguna. Tenenfe. Spain 3 Insriiiiw o!' Freshwxer Ecolopy. East Sioke. iVareh3rn. Dorser BHlO 635.Frri3nd. 4 13 A.K. NLSSOS. B. &1.4I.>lQVIST~bl. B&Z. J.H. BLACKBL'R.. P.D. AR\íITAGE : : 1. Introduction of microhabitats was maximized and always included pans of the margins. The Atlantic Canas Islands. off the coast of bloroc- co. harbour a relatively rich fauna of strearn-living Srnall ponable light traps were used on the following rnacroinvertebrates uith high levels of local endemisrn occasions in or&r topct adults of Trichoptera and Dip- in sorne taxa. This interestins fauna \vas firjt investiga- ter3 to suppor; lmai ideritificarioris : Aruaje 3l.iii.- ted more intensivelu throush the expeditions made by 1.iv.1994 XCO-05.30 ana 17-lb.xi.1995 18.10-08.40; the Finnish entornologists Richard Frey. Ragnar Stora Xlina 2 19-SO.xi.1995 17.00-09.30: Soria 1 28- 29.iii. 1994 18.00-09.30; Tirajana 3O.iii. 1994 20.00- and Hakan Liridberz (e+ Frey 1936. Lindberg 1953 ; see Machado 1987a for a full bibliography). Besides a 24.00. 2 i.1995 lS.30-2i.30. ar,d 16.xi.1995 18.30- feu later repon5 on selectea orders oi families (e.g. 2 1.30. Báez 1985, Balke et al. 1990, Crosskey 19SS, híacha- Discharge [vas estirnated as the product of mean do 19S7b). more recent documentation of thc entire depth. width. and surface velocity conected with a macroinvenebrate communities is so far lirnited to the cocfficienr of 0.67 to give mean vrlocity. Conductivity, island of Tenerife (Annitage et al. 1995, Fíalmqvist et pH and water temperature were rneasured directly in al. 1993, 1995). the field. Macroinvenrbrate samples were soned im- mediately preserved individually in 70% ethanol Of the other islands, the comparatively large and or least isolated islands Fuerteventura and Lanzarote are and soned out frorn debns later in the sarne da. relatively dry and are generally without permanent iVe used Fishera as a measure of diversity that is in- stream habitats (Marzo1 1984). The westernmost is- dependent of sarnple size (Maguman 1988, Rosenz- lands La Gomera, Hierro and La Palma are wetter, but weig 1995). This diversity index is based on the as- their faunas are poorly documented. Gran Canaria has sumption that the abundanccs of species fit a log-series a high naturai potentiai for harbouring a fauna as nch disuibution. Smail, incomplete samples of other distri- as that of Tenerife, due to its relative large size, high butions aimost fit the log-series. precipitation, and low degree of isolation. However, Similarity among stream localities was analysed by chiefly due to water diversion and forestry, the nurnber tree clustering. ihe purpose of this aigonthm is to join of Gran Canarian strearns has dropped frorn 285 to 20 objects into successively larger clusters, using some between 1933 and 1973 (Alfonso Pirez 1980, in measure of sirnilarity or distance. We used the Un- Crosskey 1988). Today, the number of more permanent weighted pair-group average (UPGMA) algonthm, in strearns is even lower. which the distance between two clusters is calculated In order to document the current situation of the as the average distance between al1 pairs of objects in Gran Canarian strearns and their fauna. three of us the two different clusters. (Báez. blalrnqvist RC Nilsson) visited the island on two Xestedness analysis (Patterson & Atrnar 1986) was occasions, first in hlarch 1991 and then asain in No- used to test for structure in the distribution of species vember 1995. Our major aim u'as to res.kit strearn lo- arnong Sireamj. If distributions were strictly nestrd. calities known from the literature, as well as finding each spccies would occur in al1 streams that have fetver others thar had not been docurnented earlier. and des- species than the richest one in which it occurred. De- cribe their current macroinvenebrate fauna. viations from this pattern were scored by summing al1 absencrs frorn poorer streams over al1 species. The sig- 2. Material and methods nificance of the resulting index was then tested against randomized data (RANDOM 1). Gran Canaria was visited for collecting during two periods : 27 March to 1 April 1991 and 16-2 1 Novern- 3. Studied localities ber 1995. Invenebrates were collected using a cornbi- nation of different techniques : hand-nets. kick-sarn- The studied localities (Fig. 1) are listed in Tab. 1 and plins. direct picking, and turning of stones. Care was selected chemical and physical characteristics are gi- taken to include al1 possible microhabitats. Besides ven in Tab. 2. Al1 localities sarnpied in 1994 ivere revi- this qualitative sarnpling, semiquantitative net samples sitedin 1995 and sampled again if carrying water. Thc were taken in the iarger strearns. The sampling proce- follouing sites u'ere tc:z:ly dty in !O95 : Brezal, Hon- dure involved taking 30s kick sarnples over one rn? do de Abajo, Hornos. Mina 1 8: 7, Peréz darn. Sona 1 areas wirh a srnall handnet. li'hen possible three 8: 2. At the following sites no running water was found samplec ueie taken in nfflej and three in strearn pools in 1995. but isolated pools were sampled quaiitatively : "t each !ocd¿t)'. Sixzples werc t&en so that rhe number Coruiia, hloya. SoriJ 3, arid 'Tirajaana. STRE.L\l LXSECTS AYD GASTROPODS Is GRAS CkY.4Ri.A 415 , Fig. 1. Map of Gran Canaria with the position of our snidy sites.
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