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Europeanisation and Democratisation of the Western Balkans, in the Light of the EU Accession Process

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Europeanisation and Democratisation of the Western Balkans, in the Light of the EU Accession Process EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ELTE ÁJK POLITIKATUDOMÁNYI DOKTORI ISKOLA Europeanisation and Democratisation of the Western Balkans, in the Light of the EU Enlargement Process The case of Serbia, North Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina Doctoral Thesis Written by: András BRAUN PhD Candidate Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Tibor NAVRACSICS Associate Professor, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest 2019 1ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve: Braun András MTMT-azonosító: 10048992 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme: : „Europeanisation and Democratisation of the Western Balkans, in the light of the EU accession process. The case of Serbia, North Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina” DOI-azonosító2:……10.15476/ELTE.2019.060….. A doktori iskola neve: ELTE Politikatudományi Doktori Iskola A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve: Politikatudományok A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata: Dr. Navracsics Tibor egyetemi docens, Phd A témavezető munkahelye: Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Állam-és Jogtudományi Kar, Budapest, Egyetem tér 1-3, 1053 II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként3 a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom a ELTE Politikatudományi Doktori Iskola hivatalának ügyintézőjét Sturm Henriettát, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. b) kérem, hogy a mellékelt kérelemben részletezett szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentés közzétételéig a doktori értekezést ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban;4 c) kérem, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági okból minősített adatot tartalmazó doktori értekezést a minősítés (dátum)-ig tartó időtartama alatt ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban;5 d) kérem, hogy a mű kiadására vonatkozó mellékelt kiadó szerződésre tekintettel a doktori értekezést a könyv megjelenéséig ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban, és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban csak a könyv bibliográfiai adatait tegyék közzé. Ha a könyv a fokozatszerzést követőn egy évig nem jelenik meg, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban.6 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy a) az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba feltöltendő doktori értekezés és a tézisek saját eredeti, önálló szellemi munkám és legjobb tudomásom szerint nem sértem vele senki szerzői jogait; b) a doktori értekezés és a tézisek nyomtatott változatai és az elektronikus adathordozón benyújtott tartalmak (szöveg és ábrák) mindenben megegyeznek. 3. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként hozzájárulok a doktori értekezés és a tézisek szövegének plágiumkereső adatbázisba helyezéséhez és plágiumellenőrző vizsgálatok lefuttatásához. Kelt: Budapest, 2019. március 14. a doktori értekezés szerzőjének aláírása 1 Beiktatta az Egyetemi Doktori Szabályzat módosításáról szóló CXXXIX/2014. (VI. 30.) Szen. sz. határozat. Hatályos: 2014. VII.1. napjától. 2 A kari hivatal ügyintézője tölti ki. 3 A megfelelő szöveg aláhúzandó. 4 A doktori értekezés benyújtásával egyidejűleg be kell adni a tudományági doktori tanácshoz a szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentést tanúsító okiratot és a nyilvánosságra hozatal elhalasztása iránti kérelmet. 5 A doktori értekezés benyújtásával egyidejűleg be kell nyújtani a minősített adatra vonatkozó közokiratot. 6 A doktori értekezés benyújtásával egyidejűleg be kell nyújtani a mű kiadásáról szóló kiadói szerződést. 2 Table of contents Table of contents ........................................................................................................................ 3 List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 11 From brotherhood of unity to the unity in diversity - Foreword .............................................. 12 1 Introduction: research question ........................................................................................ 15 1.1 The scope of analysis and the hypotheses ................................................................. 15 1.2 The main concepts ..................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Limitations ................................................................................................................ 21 1.4 The structure of the thesis ......................................................................................... 21 2 Europeanisation and democratisation combined: Research method and theoretical approaches................................................................................................................................ 23 2.1 The European Union as an international actor .......................................................... 23 2.2 Europeanisation ......................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 The original concept and the evolution of the term ........................................... 26 2.2.2 Top-down Europeanisation as a driver of enlargement ..................................... 29 2.2.3 Europeanisation and EU enlargement ................................................................ 29 2.2.4 Europeanisation of the politics ........................................................................... 30 2.2.5 Europeanisation of the Western Balkans: the limits of the conditionality based Europeanisation? .............................................................................................................. 30 2.3 Between democratisation and democratic consolidation .......................................... 33 2.3.1 The role of the European Union......................................................................... 33 2.3.2 Democracy as concept ....................................................................................... 34 2.3.3 Democratisation ................................................................................................. 35 2.3.4 Democratic consolidation .................................................................................. 37 2.3.5 The effects of political culture on democratic consolidation ............................. 38 2.4 A methodological approach ...................................................................................... 39 2.4.1 Bertelsmann Stiftung Transformation Index (BTI) ........................................... 39 3 2.4.2 The Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index 2018 ................................. 40 2.4.3 Freedom House’s Nations in Transit ................................................................. 41 2.4.4 The country reports of the European Commission ............................................ 43 3 Introducing the Western Balkans: a sub-region of (Southeast) Europe ........................... 44 3.1 “Balkans” as a notion ................................................................................................ 44 3.2 A geographical perspective ....................................................................................... 45 3.3 A historical approach ................................................................................................ 46 3.3.1 The Ottoman legacy ........................................................................................... 47 3.3.2 Yugoslavia ......................................................................................................... 48 3.3.3 The constitutional development of the former Yugoslav republics ................... 48 3.4 The Western Balkans ................................................................................................ 50 4 The European Union and the Western Balkans ................................................................ 53 4.1 The European Community and Yugoslavia .............................................................. 53 4.2 The EU’s incapacity to stop the Yugoslav Wars....................................................... 53 4.3 The EU in post-Dayton period (1996-1999) ............................................................. 54 4.3.1 The Kosovo Crisis.............................................................................................. 55 4.4 The Regional Approach ............................................................................................ 56 4.5 The Stability Pact ...................................................................................................... 58 4.6 Perspective for membership ...................................................................................... 62 5 The development of the EU’s enlargement strategy ........................................................ 64 5.1 The application and the accession process ................................................................ 64 5.2 The previous enlargement rounds ............................................................................. 67 5.2.1 The Croatian experience .................................................................................... 68 5.3 The pillars of the enlargement strategy ....................................................................
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