The Observer MARCH 1, 1968

A Journal of Free Voices A Window to The South 25c The Dilemma Facing COPE Austin There is a potential backlash for the race against Lt. Gov. Ramsey but not Texas organized labor will meet this Yarborough campaign in the Gladden- endorsed. weekend in Galveston to consider sup- COPE situation. Several veteran liberal In 1961 COPE voted by 44-37 to endorse port of candidates for statewide offices. campaign leaders in Tarrant County have Maverick over Gonzalez in the special It is anticipated that the Texas AFL-CIO's already forsaken Yarborough and have Senate election. State Rep. Dan Struve, Committee on Political Education begun working for John Hill, in anger a Gonzalez supporter, charged that the (COPE) will endorse the only liberal in over labor's stance as to the Gladden support of labor leaders had made the governor's race, Don Yarborough, and race. COPE's decision in favor of Maverick "a either recommend or stand mute as to It is understood that Gladden has con- foregone conclusion." the candidacy of Don Gladden, the liberal sidered not campaigning if he does not In 1962 the word "recommended" was who is running for lieutenant governor. get the COPE endorsement; the effect of developed by COPE in cases where it did Gladden is not expected to get a full en- such a stance by him would certainly be not want to endorse but did want to dorsement. adverse to the Yarborough campaign, and express support of a candidate. Recom- The Gladden matter is the central ques- would intensify the usually muted but mendations were accorded Don Yar- tion the delegates will face. The Fort persistent mistrust that exists between borough over his five gubernatorial op- Worth Representative has an almost spot- many people of organized labor and much ponents including Connally (who went on less voting record, by labor standards, in of the rest of the state's liberal com- to win his first election); liberal James his four terms in the legislature. He is munity. Turman over three conservative oppo- rated as having voted right 88 times, nents for lieutenant governor including wrong four times. State labor leaders , the ultimate winner; Tom had wanted former Sen. Franklin Spears, COPE WAS formed in 1956 dur- Reavley, running for attorney general , to make the race for the ing the merger of the AFL and CIO. Since against five other men including the win- No. 2 spot and most of last year it had then, in Texas, the committee has en- ner, Waggoner Carr; and Woodrow Bean, appeared that . Spears would run. But as dorsed five candidates in statewide races the liberal in the Congressman-at-Large the year wore on he began backing off —Gov. Price Daniel and Atty. Gen. Will race won by Joe Pool. from another costly and wearing state Wilson in 1960 (both of whom won); The Observer, in 1962, said "recommen- campaign. He is now running unopposed liberal Maury Maverick, Jr., in 1961, dation" was "a juggling of [COPE's] nor- for a $26,000-a-year district judgeship in running for the US Senate (the election mal procedure." A top labor spokesman San Antonio. With Spears pulling out, that won); and liberals Stan- was quoted as saying the matter was "a labor officials looked over the field, saw ley Woods and Spears in 1966 in the gov- semantic proposition more than anything no other prospective liberal candidate ernor's and attorney general's races, re- else." Labor president Hank Brown who had benefited from the exposure spectively, both of whom lost. pointed out that COPE was not employ- and experience of making a statewide In other years less forthright support ing the word "endorse" for any of the race. It was concluded that Speaker Ben has been expressed by COPE for certain approved candidates. Barnes, the man favored to win the race, candidates or else the committee has In 1964 COPE made no endorsements might be wooed a bit more towards la- declined to endorse at all. or recommendations. That was the year bor's position. Barnes has long main- In the 1957 special election in which Don Yarborough challenged Connally tained contacts among Texas liberals, Ralph Yarborough was first sent to the again and Albert Fuentes was appealing despite having a labor voting record of Senate, defeating 70 other candidates, for liberal votes against Lt. Gov. Smith. five right, 41 wrong. COPE expressed no preference. The com- The Observer, in 1964, reported what It has appeared that Barnes and the mittee published what the Observer was going on: "[President] Johnson had leaders of organized labor have achieved called, at the time, a "make up your own exacted, quid pro quo, commitments from some sort of understanding as to the mind" pamphlet, saying the practical con- labor leaders to oppose the endorsement race, but a top labor official has told the tenders were three conservatives—Searcy of Don Yarborough over Observer that there is no commitment by Bracewell, Martin Dies, Thad Hutcheson in exchange for the protection of Ralph labor to Barnes. Nevertheless, since Glad- —and the liberal Yarborough. [Yarborough, who was up for reelection]. den came into the race labor leaders have In 1958 COPE made no endorsements As Johnson helped a liberal and hurt a distinctly been unencouraging as to back- but "commended . . . for their records in conservative he also helped the conser- ing him. This has caused unhappiness public life" Senator Yarborough (run- vative and hurt another liberal. The among Texas liberals. ning, successfully, for reelection against Washington Post published reports cir- Illustrating the potential effect of the the conservative William Blakley), State culated in Austin that Johnson persuaded situation upon liberal hopes was a trip Sen. Henry Gonzalez (running for gover- union presidents Walter Reuther, David AFL-CIO president Hank Brown made nor against three conservatives, including McDonald, and Al Hayes to urge Texas to Fort Worth, Gladden's home city, in the incumbent Daniels, who won), and union leaders not to support Don Yar- January with Yarborough as part of the ex-Sen. George Nokes (opposing the arch- borough. voter registration drive. Yarborough, who conservative Lt. Gov. Ramsey, who won). "Hank Brown, state labor president, had plugged the Gladden candidacy at In 1960 Daniel and Wilson received the and Roy Evans, Texas labor's secretary- every opportunity during his travels over first endorsements COPE has made, the treasurer, have both been publicly dis- the state in January, was treated cordial- governor over Jack Cox, Wilson over couraging Don from running. .. . There ly by Tarrant County liberals, but Brown Waggoner Carr and Robert E. L. Looney. was much dissatisfaction with the situa- was greeted with distinct coolness. Don Yarborough, was encouraged in his tion in labor's rank and file. Many of the union people wanted to endorse Don Yar- candidate and his running mate whom 1970 or later ancl, meanwhile, seek to borough, but they felt that their leaders COPE did not endorse. control the state's politics by running had made a bargain, that a real benefit the Senate the next two years. had been delivered—no serious opposi- THERE IS TALK around the COPE's dilemma at Galveston as to tion to the senator—and that they, there- state this year that President Johnson Gladden's candidacy is whether to go fore, were bound to keep that deal. On the and national labor leader George Meany against the apparent wishes of Johnson other hand, there was the fact that the are looking to Barnes as the coming and Meany and support the liberal candi- liberals who [had] met in the Democratic power in Texas politics, the man they date. The situation is similar to that in Coalition late in January were gung-ho will deal with. There is the story, first 1964, when Johnson and other national for Don . . . and that the matter needed reported by Garth Jones in the Associated labor leaders had determined to damp to be carried off with the least damage Press, of President Johnson telling down the challenge to Connally by with- to the Coalition they could manage. . . . Barnes as Barnes was leaving a party holding COPE endorsement from Don "Without any public remarks, then, la- during the holidays, "Mr. Speaker, I want Yarborough. Barnes is becoming a power you to know I am with you—money, mar- in Texas politics; he is likeable; he is not bor voted not to endorse any candidates bles, or chalk." While Barnes was attend- for state office. Homer Moore, oilworker personally antagonistic to labor and lib- ing the State AFL-CIO convention last eral people; he is favored to win. There delegate from Corpus Christi, expressed August in Fort Worth he conferred pri- appears no percentage in endorsing Glad- the spirit of many of the remarks heard vately with Vice President Humphrey; den, not at least in terms of the reasoning among the delegates when, in a later de- Barnes is the only Texas politician whom that has prevailed in previous COPE deci- bate, Moore said right out: 'There has Humphrey is known to have seen in such sions; COPE has characteristically shun- been so much arranged before we got closed - door circumstances during the ned committing itself fully, by endorse- here on 90% of it, and the other 10% was Vice President's brief visit to that conven- ment, to an underdog, having done so pretty much pressured. Gentlemen, it is tion. Texas labor president . Hank Brown, only three times in its history—Maverick my feeling that. I have compromised who first opposed or was unimpressed by in 1961 and Woods and Spears in 1966. everything but my wife and my soul in Gladden's entry into the race, was re- Liberalism and a .good labor voting rec- the governor's race,' " the Observer re- ported in December and January as be- ord have not meant as much to COPE in ported in 1964. coming more enthusiastic about Gladden, the past as have other more practical In 1966 COPE endorsed the liberal perhaps favoring endorsement. Since late considerations on the state political scene. Stanley Woods over Connally and Johnnie January, a time when: Brown made a trip This is a fact many liberals outside or- Mae Hackworthe but did not endorse to Washington, it is understod that Brown ganiezd labor don't understand, or if they Woods' teammate Bill Hollowell over is now dead set against endorsing Glad- understand, don't like. Lt. Gov. Smith. Spears was endorsed den. over Crawford Martin and Galloway Cal- Barnes, then, it appears, is evidently THE LEADER of Texas liber- houn. Woods received 291,000 votes in to take up where Gov. John Connally is als, Senator Yarborough, has been ap- losing to Connally; Hollowell got 213,000 leaving off, despite the fact Barnes would pealed to in person by Gladden himself. votes losing to Smith—a difference of be lieutenant governor, not governor. He Gladden and his advisor-pilot Bill Thomas 78,000 votes between the COPE-endorsed could be expected to run for governor in conferred with the senator on Feb. 9 in Yarborough's Washington office. The sen- ator is in an improving position to af- fect Texas politics by virtue of his grow- THE TEXAS OBSERVER ing influence, born of his Senate senior- © The Texas Observer Publishing Co. ity. A Journal of Free Voices A Window to the South It is quite possible Yarborough will 62nd YEAR—ESTABLISHED 1906 become the chairman of. the Senate labor committee next year, with the retirement Vol. LX, No. 4 7cOSO March 1, 1968 of Sen. Lister Hill of Alabama, the chair- man; and the possible defeat of Oregon Incorporating the State Observer and the East Subscription Representatives: Arlingto n, Sen. Wayne Morse, the No. 2 man in Texas Democrat, which in turn incorporated the George N. Green, 300 E. South College St., CR 7- seniority on the committee. Yarborough, State Week and Austin Forum-Advocate. 0080; Austin, Mrs. Helen C. Spear, 2615 Pecos, HO 5-1805; Corpus Christi, Penny Dudley, 12241/2 third in seniority on the committee, thus We will serve no group or party but will hew Second St., TU 4-1460; , Mrs. Cordye Hall, is a man Meany must have good relations hard to the truth as we find it and the right 5835 Ellsworth, TA 1-1205; El Paso, Philip Himel- with. Yarborough is understood to have as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth, stein, 331 Rainbow Circle, 584-3238; Ft. Worth, to human values above all interests, to the rights Dolores Jacobsen, 3025 Greene Ave., WA 4-9655; been noncommittal in his conversation of man as the foundation of democracy; we will , Mrs. Kitty Peacock, 718 Capital Nat'l with Gladden about doing anything to take orders from none but our own conscience, Bank Bldg., CA 8-7956; Lubbock, Doris Blaisdell, line labor up behind Gladden. and never will we overlook or misrepresent the 2515 24th St.; Midland, Eva Dennis, 4306 Douglas, truth to serve the interests of the powerful or OX 4-2825; Snyder, Enid Turner, 2210 30th St., Gladden, in early February, told the cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. HI 3-9497 or HI 3-6061; San Antonio, Mrs. Mae B. Observer he had not talked with Brown Tuggle, 531 Elmhurst, TA 6-3583; Wichita Falls, Editor, Greg Olds. Jerry Lewis, 2910 Speedway, 766-0409. about endorsement. "I have heard that Editor-at-large, Ronnie Dugger. Hank is of the opinion there should be Business Manager, Sarah Payne. The Observer is published by Texas Observer no endorsement, but I haven't discussed Associate Manager, C. R. Olofson. Co., Ltd., biweekly from Austin, Texas. Entered as second-class matter April 26, 1937, at the Post it with him," Gladden says. He believes Contributing Editors, Elroy Bode, Winston Office at Austin, Texas, under the Act of March it would be a mistake for liberals to un- Bode, Bill Brammer, Lee Clark, Sue Horn Estes, 3, 1879. Second class postage paid at Austin, Larry Goodwyn, Harris Green, Bill Helmer, Texas. Delivered postage prepaid $6.00 a year; derestimate the importance of the lieu- Dave Hickey, Franklin Jones, Lyman Jones, two years, $11.00; three years, $15.00. Foreign tenant governor's race, saying that Barnes Larry L. King, Georgia Earnest Klipple, Al Mel- rates on request. Single copies 25c; prices for as lieutenant governor could frustrate inger, Robert L. Montgomery, Willie Morris, ten or more for students, or bulk orders, on James Presley, Charles Ramsdell, John Rogers, request. the enactment of a liberal governor's Mary Beth Rogers, Roger Shattuck, Robert Sher- program. By example Gladden cites the rill, Dan Strawn, Tom Sutherland, Charles Alan Editorial and Business Offices: The Texas Ob- Wright. server, 504 West 24th St., Austin, Texas 78705. tenure of Lt. Gov. Ramsey. "Under Ben Telephone GR 7-0746. Editor's residence phone, Ramsey the lobby didn't concern itself Contributing Photographer, Russell Lee. GR 8-2333. with the number of liberals elected be- The editor has exclusive control over the edi- Houston office: 718 Capital National Bank cause it knew it could stop any liberal torial policies and contents of the Observer. Building, Houston, Texas 77002. Telephone CA legislation in the Senate, which,happened None of the other people who are associated 8-7956. with the enterprise shares this responsibility many times. with him. Writers are responsible for their own Change of Address: Please give old and new work, but not for anything they have not them- address and allow three weeks. "1 can't stop seeking labor's endorse- selves written, and in publishing them the editor ment," Gladden went on. "If my own sort does not necessarily imply that he agrees with Form 3579 regarding undelivered copies: Send of people don't want me, I can't explain them, because this is a journal of free voices. to Texas Observer, 504 W. 24th, Austin, Texas Unsigned articles are the editor's. 78705. that to the voting public." G.O. MD Stands Mute on the War

Austin buy ammunition to kill people anytime Texas Liberal Democrats, an organiza- W OULD yOur resolution have but we won't buy bread to feed them at any practical effect? Mrs. Massey asked tion suffering from several maladies, any the proper time. If we had gone in there Aliford. "If you think it would not you of which may eventually prove fatal, did 15 . years ago with a loaf of bread in our must not think TLD has any effect," All- hands we wouldn't be in there today with the expected here last weekend. Don Yar- ford answered. borough and Don Gladden, the liberal a grenade in our hands." Mark Ethridge, Houston, said, in an entries in the governor's and lieutenant Otto Mullinax, Dallas lawyer who had, impassioned speech, "We have a war here governor's races were unanimously en- two weeks before, voted with the major- dorsed. They were the only candidates ity of ADA national board members in who showed up, though John Hill, one of endorsing McCarthy, said he thought TLD eleven in the gubernatorial field, and Ben TLD Coverage should pass the resolution in support of Barnes, Gladden's chief opponent for McCarthy, not in opposition to Johnson. lieutenant governor, had said beforehand Austin After the votes were taken A. N. (Nate) they would be at the meeting. Barnes sent The press coverage of TLD's meet- Slough, Austin, a labor leader who is a telegram of apology; nothing was heard ing here was varied in scope. Both chairman of the resolutions committee, from Hill. Houston papers front-paged the story, said "every member of the committee the Austin paper ran nothing. Most strongly feels the . war in Vietnam is Also as anticipated, TLD voted not to of the state's other larger papers car- wrong," but that there was "wide dis- support a resolution opposing President ried rather full coverage of the meet- agreement on the committee as to the Johnson's reelection and the Vietnam i ng. type statement that should be reported war. Don Allford, a leader of the Texas Roy Evans, the secretary-treasurer to the convention." The committee had drive in support of Sen. Eugene McCar- of the State AFL-CIO, was quoted by recommended that the membership turn thy, championed the resolution ((Ms., the Houston Chronicle as saying in clown the Milord resolution. "I am vio- Feb. 16). A substitute resolution was of- an interview during the day that the lently opposed to the war," Slough said, fered by David G. Copeland, Waco attor- anti-Johnson resolution was before calling it a "cesspool." ney who, with Aliford, is a leader of the TLD because of "fanatical hatred for The only resolution passed by the TLD McCarthy effort. Copeland's resolution Johnson" among ultra-liberals (the membership last weekend called for help expressed support for the Sen- Chronicle's word). Evans said the ma- for the family farm against the competi- ator, rather than criticism of Johnson. jority of TLD members are "realists" tion of "armchair farmers" who operate The votes were 41-20 against Allford; 33-20 who know Johnson will be the Demo- farms as tax write-offs. against Copeland. cratic nominee. The realists "know During the hour-long debate no TLD the alternative to Johnson will be ATTENDANCE varied be- member spoke in support of the war or and tween 50 and 70 at the sessions, far less though two persons spoke to some degree none of them want to see that," he than have attended a TLD function be- in favor of President Johnson. The great said. Evans said, of the radicals who fore. Notably absent were the radicals majority of the members, many of them are splitting off from TLD, "I don't who had urged TLD to stand against wearing McCarthy pins, expressed them- call them radicals. I call them fan- Johnson and the war last August. But ab- selves as dead set against the war and atics because of their fanatical hatred sent, too, were a number of traditional Johnson's reelection. But, more to the for Johnson." liberal leaders. Attendance at TLD func- point in most minds, the resolutions During the debate on the anti-John- tions has been dropping steadily since would, it was believed, have no practical son resolution Dallas lawyer Otto more than 1,000 persons attended the effect, either on Johnson's chances this Mullinax spoke against passage of the organizational gathering in 1965. Disaffec- year nor on the war. And, it was argued, statement, saying it would have no tion among radicals (who likely would the resolutions would be onerous burdens effect on Johnson's chances and not have been placated, even had MD for liberal candidates in Texas. would only amount to venting lib- passed either the Allford or Copeland eral's spleens on the President. Hop- resolution) and a growing sense among "I have been for McCarthy from the ing to illustrate the lack of practical first day he announced," declared Mrs. traditional liberals that TLD is not effec- effect resolutions can have on tively advancing the liberal movement are Bob Massey, Midland, "but this is our candidates, Mullinax referred to an year in Texas. Our endorsement of Mc- combining to pose some ponderous prob- earlier resoluiton that had been in- lems for the organization. Carthy won't amount to a hill of beans. troduced in support of Don Gladden, The split in the Texas Democratic party Allford tells the Observer he hadn't felt the liberal lieutenant governor candi- so grievous a lack of communication be- is now well-known across the nation. ... date. Mullinax said passage of a Glad- tween himself and others "since I para- This motion won't embarrass President den (or an anti-Johnson resolution) fohnson, it will only defeat our statewide chuted into south France in 1944." He wouldn't matter as the votes of those said he could not successfully convey his candidates ... This would be tying an present at the conference wouldn't albatross around our candidates' necks." impression that Vietnam is the overriding be enough to elect anybody. The crisis of all American life; he despaired Fort Worth Star-Telegram Allford, argued that "I don't feel we are interpreted of the view that "Texas politics can some- dumping Johnson. I feel that Johnson Mullinax as having said "We don't how be compartmentalized" from na- dumped the Democratic party when he have the votes to elect Don Gladden tional politics. began bombing North Vietnam." He said anytlIing," leaving the impression "What the TLD meeting accomplished "we" referred to all Texas that there are 5,000 marines in a tenuous liberals, was to show that the American political position at Khe Sanh and that it may be not just those present. 0 - system as it is now constituted stands that they'll be sacrificed and the loss virtually no chance of surviving the crisis "used as new Pearl Harbor," a pretext at home, in Texas, a war we have been brought on by Vietnam. It is a deep moral for further escalation. Allford said he also fighting for years, trying to do something crisis which those in control of the politi- fears that nuclear weapons may be used for minority groups .... I wish there was cal parties seem incapahle of confront- in Vietnam or that the north will be something we could do about what is ing. . . . invaded. "I believe Johnson has had very going on over there Fin Vietnam] .... but "If intellectuals and other enlightened poor military advice; he believes that he this resolution's passage] would only people who have held themselves aloof can achieve military victory in Vietnam," kill the fires here at home. The trouble

Allford said to applause. with you and I as Americans is that we'll March 1, 1968 3 from politics do not get together and leading the country out of its moral cri- TLD were really, honestly interested in develop a coherent political voice, if the sis," Allford said. democracy .... they would have polled pros are left to select our candidates on Mt-. and Mrs. Joseph H. Matluck, Aus- their 7,500 members [the organization the only basis they seem to know—which tin, wrote Ron Platt, Beaumont, the TLD has a mailing list of that size but a mem- chairman, that they were going to stop bership of several hundred] on the All- assumes that all people are motivated by payment on the check they wrote at the ford resolution. But evidently they would self-interest alone and assumes that poli- meeting in payment of their membership rather play 'convention politics' with an tics in Texas are totally unrelated to what dues. "Just when our country and state issue of such monumental proportions to our country is doing to Vietnam—then need them most, TLD decides to play our way of life, to the lives of our young we will have failed the youth of America. 'wart-heel' politics," the Matlucks said. The choice in November will then be be- "The wart on TLD's nose must be pretty men, to the roots of our conscience, and tween Lyndon Johnson and Richard big to blind them so to anything beyond to the very existence of life on our Nixon, neither of whom is capable of Texas' borders. If the powers that be in planet." G.O. Dick Gregory at St. Mary's

San Antonio tered around the fact that, as the San worse as you read it. That's why I say Antonio Express put it (the San Antonio A "say it like it is" speech by comedian- it's so filthy. And we give it to our young Light did not cover the talk), Gregory kids, just starting off in school, to read activist Dick Gregory at St. Mary's Uni- "[referred] to the American flag as 'noth- with pride. versity riled this community so intensely ing but a damn rag.' " The newspaper "Not only did he seize us on the way that condemnations and rebuttals played quote, which reflects a raw contempt for the local news media for almost two over, dig this, you think it's not filthy: America, was lifted from the following he came over here and discovered a coun- weeks after his February 6 talk. Gregory passage of Gregory's speech: appeared at St. Mary's as part of a speak- try that was already occupied! How you do that?! That's like me and my ole lady ers program that this year has included "This new flag law we got now. We walk outta here tonight, and you and Supreme Court Justice William 0. Doug- got a law now, well you know what the las, William Buckley Jr., Erskine Cald- law is that says you can't burn an Ameri- your ole lady sitting outside in your brand new car, and my ole lady say, 'I well, Erich Fromm, and Saul Alinsky. can flag—in the land of the free and the home of the brave where you supposed sure would like that car so we can pray The non-violent black power advocate's to be able to express yourself in any way in it.' I say, 'Okay, let's discover it.'" speech was a package of skillful tech- niques — labeled "pedagogy" or "dema- goguery," depending on how the list- SAM KINDRICK, Express re- ener liked the message. Sporting a new Rick Casey porter who wrote the story, was criti- beard and wearing blue denim work- cized by many who heard the talk for clothes (until the war is over), Gregory quoting Gregory out of context. Kin- began with a long series of jokes, many you see fit. Tell me I can't burn the drick at a press conference asked uni- aimed at himself, whic.h loosened up the American flag? What is an American flag? versity president Louis J. Blume, S. M., audience. He then went into a bitter per- It ain't nothing but a damn rag regard- if he thought the story was misrepresen- sonal portrayal of America's "sick" and less of how patriotic you are, like all tative. "mad" society. Throughout the lambast, flags all over the world ain't nothing but rags. I'm not interested in rags, I'm in- "I doubt if anyone could have given he sprinkled enough humorous remarks a report without giving a false impres- terested in people. And the day we can to keep all but a few of his audience sion," replied the priest. But Kindrick's of about 1,100 from becoming outraged. respect one another as human beings, the day we can salute one another be- story on the conference stated that Born and raised in a St. Louis ghetto, Blume "said he couldn't see how, after he employed the ghetto dialect, including cause we human—that's the day a rag gonna be sacred, man." hearing the taped talk, that any news its "improper" grammar and barroom reporter could have related . it in any terminology. Another phrase quoted in the Express other way." The result of the talk was a public up- that drew dozens of angry letters to the editors as well as to the university was With public controversy raging a few roar which, one university official esti- days after the talk, a group of student Gregory's reference to the American mated, cost the college $250,000 in pledg- leaders including Mary Sandoval, chair- es. This figure was quickly disputed by "dirty old trampy history book." Here is man of the student committee that spon- some professors who accused university the remark's lengthy context: sored Gregory's appearance, circulated a fund-raisers of using Gregory as a scape- . And I read this dirty old trampy petition expressing "gratitude on the part goat for their inability to solicit more history book. Boy, if you want to read of the student body to the administra- donations. It is certain, however, that a dirty book, you got to read that his- tion for making Gregory's appearance the speech did cost St. Mary's some tory book with an open mind. The first possible." The petition argued that in money — a most painful consequence for page is beautiful. Oh, man the first page bringing Gregory, the university was ful- a school trying to complete a $25 million is so groovy. I used to just cry when I filling its role as an idea mart. building program by 1975. The 116-year- read it. I'd sing to myself, 'Glory, glory, President Blume privately indicated old university has about 3,500 students Hallel. . .' Now here's a cat, that was displeasure with the petition. He was and plans to reach an enrollment of 6,000 over in London, in Great Britain, who planning a press conference to publicly with completion of the building program. wanted to get away from the shackles denounce Gregory and assure the public Not well-endowed, some 80% of its oper- that was bonding him. He wanted to find that today's student is "in the main quite ating funds are derived from student tui- a free place where he could plant his conservative in outlook, with a fair meas- tion and fees. crop, where he could worship his own ure of maturity and the ability to dis- The public reaction to the speech cen- God. Ain't that groovy? criminate between right and wrong. . ." "The first page of the American his- It was embarrassing, at that time, for The writer is a senior at St. Mary's Uni- tory book is so beautiful—but don't turn these students to be thanking him for versity and is on the staff of the campus it! Page two: the same cat that struck Gregory's appearance. newspaper. out to find his free land, to pray to his Blume had been out of town during God, stole me on the way over. And then the talk and the turmoil that followed. 4 The Texas Observer the insane thing about it is that it gets A week after Gregory's appearance, pub- lic reaction had simmered but there was still pressure on Blume from donors to make a statement. He called the press Jules Feiffer's New Houston Home conference February 15, nine days after the talk. Houston per management levels of the Chron- icle have given their approval for His office crowded with reporters and The Feb. 18 issue of Spotlight, the publishing the strip. Evidently they television newsreel cameras, Blume ner- Houston Post's Sunday magazine, did were not asked, but soon will be. vously read a lengthy statement con- not carry cartoonist Jules Feiffer's "This week will tell the tale is the demning Gregory but stressing the uni- current work. Feiffer is the social only comment I'll make on that at versity's obligation to present its stu- satirist whose biting work often is this point," Warren said last week. dents with a wide spectrum of ideas. critical of President Johnson and the Blume said he had listened to a tape of Vietnam war. San Antonio is the only The Chronicle's first Feiffer strip Gregory's talk and "was greatly shocked other Texas city with a daily news- showed two men talking. The first by both the content and language of his paper that publishes Feiffer. says "All men should be brothers. presentation. His vilification of our Amer- "It was 'a management decision," And should love each other. And not ican system, our president, and our flag Spotlight editor George Christian have to play games. And be free to do their thing." "That's refreshingly I found particularly objectionable. Mr. tells the Observer. Christian is uncer- innocent," the second man replies, Gregory abused his privilege as a guest tain why Feiffer was dropped. He "but hardly a workable program." of this university and I deeply resent was sent a memo about the cancel- "OK," the first man says, "What's his breach of good taste and judgment." lation. Christian suggested that he's your program?" "Kill," the second Blume explained that Gregory appeared heard a number of papers have man answers, "but then of course I'm as part of a speakers program designed stopped carrying Feiffer "because a good deal older than you." to contribute to the "total educational he's not very funny anymore . . . his experience" of St. Mary's students. He work's been so heavy and bitter The Village Voice, the New York said he had faith in the students' ability lately." City weekly tabloid in which Feiffer's to "survive" exposure to controversy. William P. Hobby, Jr., executive work first appeared, has reported that at least one paper, in Tulsa, has Many students felt Blume's statement editor of the Post, tells the Observer the decision to discontinue Feiffer dropped Feiffer because of a trip he represented an unwarranted apology. made to Cuba. Feiffer explains he Student council president Bob Pride said was his because the strip had evolved from cartoons for amusement into was sent there as a professional jour- the following week that the petition, nalist, on assignment from Harper's which had an estimated 800 signatures, editorial cartoons. Houston's other daily, the Chron- magazine, to cover—but not partici- may not be presented to Blume because icle, has taken up the Feiffer feature pate in—the International Cultural a large number of angry students had in its Sunday magazine, Zest, whose Congress in January. He says he had asked to have their names removed. editor, Don Warren, tells the Obser- the full accreditation from the State "They said they didn't want to offer their Department. One of the Tulsa editors support or gratitude to an administra- ver he is uncertain whether the strip will become a permanent part of the wrote in a letter cancelling the strip tion that would bow to what they con- that Feiffer's trip was improper be- sidered unjust pressure," said Pride. The Sunday Chronicle. He said it was a piece of luck that Feiffer's work be- havior for someone whose work is St. Mary's chapter of the American Asso- syndicated. ciation of University Professors sent came available to the Chronicle. "The guy has grown to national stature," Feiffer answered by letter, " . . . I Blume a letter disagreeing with his as- am astonished that a man of your sessment of Gregory and supporting his Warren said of Feiffer. "He's one of the best social commentators today, position must be reminded, even in defense of the university's obligation to whether you agree with him or not times like these, of the principles of bring controversial speakers on campus. . . . and I don't always agree with free travel. Only in a world gone him, but he gets off a thought or two mad with Cold War ecclesiasticism IN A QUESTION and answer every now and then." can so traditional a concept be held period at Blume's conference, reporters The Chronicle staffers were heard suspect. ... It looks as if I have lost asked if it was true that the university discussing the acquisition of Feiffer's an outlet because I somehow forgot had lost a large amount of money due strip by their paper. "Isn't it wonder- to file advance travel plans with the to Gregory's appearance. "I have no facts ful?" one said to the other, adding: executive editor of the Tulsa World." to verify withdrawn donations," an- "Shhh." It is uncertain that the up- G.O. swered Blume. "No checks were can- celled." This reply skirted the allegation that pledged money had been cancelled. cil vice president Ron Orr. Pride told is as strong as [Gregory]." Jack C. Hollimon, vice president for de- the reporters he felt Gregory was a ben- "This guy is your enemy," Brigance velopment and alleged source of the $250,- eficial addition to the university's edu- told the students. 000 estimate, later issued this statement: cational program. "I was academically Speaking of the problem of lost dona- stimulated by what he had to say," he "Obviously there is no way to deter- tions, Miss Sandoval said, "When one said. "He gave me a whole new slant on gives money to a university, it is not as mine exactly what loss might have been the feeling and rationale in the Negro." incurred as the result of the students if he is buying stock in AT&T. If that bringing this former comedian to the After a few opening remarks by Pride, wasn't made clear to our donors, then campus. I do know that many people of the session quickly evolved into a dis- we weren't being completely honest with large financial means in this community cussion between the the students and them." and people who represent large corpora- Kindrick and Light reporter Jim Brig- Blume was angry with Pride for calling tions and companies, have been greatly ance, who had not heard Gregory. Kin- the conference. "What are the students disturbed by this most unfortunate situ- drick remarked that he wasn't very popu- trying to do, steal the thunder?" he asked ation. Added to these are those people lar on campus but didn't care. "I'll be this reporter. "They certainly aren't help- whose sense of patriotism and decency damned if I'm going to write a story ing the cause." Blume had wanted to has been offended." Hollimon said he and editorialize it," he said. He said he make a final denunciation of Gregory to had opposed Gregory's appearance from thought it was the reporter's job to con- quiet the issue once and for all. Instead the beginning. vey what the speaker said, not to try to he found himself sharing news space Immediately following Blume's press interpret what he meant. He said he with student leaders thanking Gregory conference, student council president didn't think a university "should bring a "for his honesty." Bob Pride held a conference of his own. Dick Gregory or a George Lincoln Rock- With Pride were Miss Sandoval and coun- well on campus. I don't ' think Carmichael March 1, 1968 5 will forget the whole affair within a few that the speakers program budget would THE EFFECT of Dick Gregory months. not be cut, he promised that future on San Antonio was actually minimal. Ironically, the damage from the Greg- speakers would be chosen with "very Prior to his speech some university offi- ory appearance will not be to the citi- much prudence" — a phrase indicating cials had expressed fears that he might zens who didn't like his irreverences. that the reaction of the community will incite a riot. But there was no violence, be a major factor in determining whether It will be to the students who enjoyed students will be allowed to bring a par- and it is safe to say that San Antonio his speech. For although Blume did state ticular speaker on campus. ❑ The A D A Backs McCarthy

Washington, D.C. local option on the issue among ADA "No liberal in the country would sup- THOSE SPEAKING in opposi- chapters, saying that just as George port our Vietnam policy if a conserva- tion to endorsing McCarthy did so on sev- Meany can't speak for labor on candi- tive was in office." So argued Arthur eral bases: because they support Presi- dates, ADA chapters can't predict how Schlesinger, Jr. during the debate among dent Johnson; feared the impact of such their members would vote. Shrade doubts board members of the Americans for a an endorsement on the future of ADA; that McCarthy will get the votes of the Democratic Society in Washington at believed the membership and not the Peace and Freedom party, a radical party which the board finally voted, 65-47, to board should deal with the question; fa- that recently won a place on the ballot support Sen. Eugene McCarthy's chal- vored local chapters' taking stands on in that state; further, he doubts that the lenge of President Johnson. The delibera- the question; or thought it too early in liberal California Democratic Council is tions of the board were closed to the the political year for such a step (since very enthusiastic about McCarthy. press and public, but the Observer has President Johnson might de-escalate the Ben Fisher, a steelworkers' official in obtained reliable information as to what war or Robert Kennedy might enter the Pittsburgh, said ADA's commitment is transpired. race later on). to fight the threat to democracy posed by The threat that labor union people the right, and ADA should work for John- During the morning session debate cen- might pull out of ADA upon an endorse- tered on Washington attorney Joseph son's reelection and a more liberal Con- ment was acknowledged as a real possi- gress. Rauh's motion for endorsing McCarthy. bility before the board met. Meyer Ber- Rauh, as the afternoon session began, ac- Herbert Robinson, a New York City ger, ADA treasurer, said he had until a attorney, said he favored the endorse- cepted a substitute motion offered by month ago favored no endorsement, fear- ADA chairman John Kenneth Galbraith. ment because McCarthy deserves support ing the loss of labor support. Then, Ber- for his courage in challenging LBJ. He Both motions called for endorsing Mc- ger went on, he came to believe that he Carthy but Galbraith's had an additional said that Oregon Sen. Wayne Morse had could raise more money for the organiza- told him, Robinson, that Morse would be feature: it called for "full liberty of con- tion if an endorsement were voted than if science and actions to those who dissent" it were not voted. Endorsement would put for McCarthy if the choice at the national from the McCarthy endorsement. Another convention were only McCarthy or John- ADA in the mainstream of liberal thought, son. resolution that was debated, but to a less- he said, and would appeal to young- er extent, in the afternoon was offered er people. Berger said ADA had income in by Robert Bendiner and Edward D. Holl- 1967 of $258,000, of which union contri- SPEAKING IN opposition to ander. It endorsed no candidate for presi- butions consisted of $25,685, compared endorsing McCarthy were Gus Tyler, dent, condemned the Vietnam war as a to 1966 income of $222,600 of which union vice-president of the garment workers' "catastrophe," urged a revival of the money totalled $31,400. "To where will union; Dr. Emmel Benoit, an ADA vice- Great Society, provided for local option labor deserters desert?" inquired Eugene chairman; Dorothy Kenyon, a New York for ADA chapters that wanted to support Gross, a campus ADA leader. Finance state judge (who favors McCarthy, but McCarthy and work for McCarthy dele- from labor is minor but leadership is believes the ADA membership should deal gates to the national Democratic conven- important and the coalition between la- with the question ); L.M.C. Smith, the tion, expressed appreciation of Mc- bor and ADA is important, said Marvin original organizer of ADA, who by wire Carthy's efforts to present the country Rosenberg, a New York manufacturer informed the board that he would with- with an alternative political choice, and who is a long-time supporter of Hubert draw his support of the organization if recognized the right of individual mem- Humphrey. endorsement were voted; Bendiner; Hol- bers to take such political positions. lander; Rosenberg; Frank Carlson, New Labor leader Victor Reuther drew an "Will endorsement shorten the war one York attorney; Elliott Abels, the national analogy between ADA's concern about chairman of the Campus ADA (who dis- day?" Bendiner inquired, answering him- Vietnam and labor's endorsement of all self "No." He said he feared the effect sents from the Campus ADA's urging of candidates on the basis of their stand on the board to back McCarthy); Sidney of endorsement on Congressional candi- the right-to-work law, which stand dates and on the future of ADA itself. Dean of the Greenwich Village ADA chap- Reuther said turned out to be a mistake. ter ( though he supports McCarthy); Leon Those who fear for ADA's future be- To support McCarthy, he went on, would Keyserling; Reuther; Eva Levin; Lang; cause of its endorsing McCarthy were commit ADA to one issue, Vietnam. He Shrade; Fisher; Bayard Rustin; and told by several fellow board members said labor and ADA must learn to build Dolores Mitchell of the Boston ADA. that the organization was dead if it failed coalitions around each liberal issue in Speaking in favor of endorsement of to endorse. Allard Lowenstein, a leader the more conservative Congress which McCarthy were Berger; theologian Rein- of McCarthy's campaign, and Schlesinger Reuther sees ahead. He spoke in favor hold. Niebuhr; Galbraith; Robinson; San- advanced this theory. Schlesinger is par- of the Bendiner-Hollander resolution. ford Cole of the Newton (Massachusetts) ticularly concerned about the young vot- Eugene Lang, an attorney, opposed en- ADA; Gross ( who formally presented the ers who have come of age since 1960, dorsement, noting that McCarthy had official resolution of the Campus ADA saying they have in effect been disen- voted wrong by ADA standards on mat- for endorsing McCarthy); Dan Berger franchised because only Johnson, Gold- ters relating to braceros and other issues. of Pittsburgh ADA; Alex Eckstein of the water, and Nixon have been the presi- He saw no practical advantage for the Ann Arbor (Michigan) ADA; Lowenstein; dential candidates. This condition, Schle- organization in endorsement, saying, Schlesinger; Jane Buchenholz of New singer said, produces cynicism among the there is "no gain to endorse an angel that York City; Ellis Levin, the secretary- young as to presidential electoral politics. cannot fly." treasurer of the Campus ADA; Emily Sun- Paul Shrade, auto worker's union mem- stein of the Philadelphia ADA; and Rich- 6 The Texas Observer ber from California, argued in favor of ard Goodwin. Four votes were taken. The first de- braith resolution. A. Beirne of the Communications Work- leted the local option provision from the San Antonio Cong. Henry B. Gonzalez, ers. Nine other labor union officials who 'Bendiner resolution, by 49-45. By 63-49 the only other Texan on the ADA board, hold board positions evidently will re- the Bendiner resolution was turned did not attend the meeting. He after- main with ADA, including the Auto Work- down. The Galbraith resolution then was wards resigned from ADA in protest of ers' Walter Reuther. The Nen , York Times taken up. By 66-41 the board defeated its endorsing McCarthy, saying "The ADA has reported that four vice-presidents a motion to remove the statement that has, consciously or not, made President and 15 board members who opposed en- the minority has liberty of conscience. Johnson appear a sinister, mistrustwor- dorsement have indicated they will stay The Galbraith resolution then was passed, on with the organization. 65-47. thy man, undeserving of the support of thinking Democrats. This is not true ...." Galbraith told the Times that Roche's Otto Mullinax, Dallas labor lawyer, was leaving ADA is comparable "to the loss of Others who since have resigned from Carmine DeSapio from the Democratic the only Texan voting on the board. He ADA include Keyserling; John P. Roche, Party." supported the Galbraith resolution, ab- special consultant to the president; and In the aftermath of the vote it (ION/el- stained in voting on the Bendiner state- three union leaders, I. W. Abel of the oped that Vice President Humphrey had ment, and opposed removal of the "lib- United Steelworkers, Louis Stulberg of let his ADA membership drop un winning erty of conscience" portion of the Gal- the Ladies Garment Workers, and Joseph election in 1964. G.O. A PERSONAL VIEW Dallas' Oligarchy and Fateful '68 Dallas most students invited to join the honors It is 1968. A political year. A pivotal DR. WHITE will fight till his program come from medium-to-high in- year. A crucial year for the Dallas oligar- final day in office to implant his policies come areas, where the educational level in chy, though they don't know it yet. too deep for eradication. A current con- each household is generally high. Since This will be the year when powerful troversy centers around the honors pro- few honors students come from Negro new ideas in education get their chance gram leading to advanced placement. Stu- areas (that is, few are inivited to partici- for the first time. The city will have a new dents are invited to join this program on pate), it's senseless, Howell wrote, to con- superintendent of public schools, actually the basis of high IQ, willingness to work, cern ourselves about a program there. chosen by the board of education, a rare and established record of high achieve- And, after all, if there are a few bright. occurrence in this town. When aging auto- ment. The latter two criteria are plainly students in one of these schools, but not crat Dr. W. T. White's contract as superin- subjective measures; many persons have enough of them for an honors program, tendent was extended beyond normal re- felt that the standards have been used a special tutoring service is available to tirement a few years ago, the decision was them. Howell stressed that participation tnade in private by a cluster of city fa- in an honors program is not a gifted stu- thers, unrelated to the board, unanswer- dent's inalienable right. He must, let's able to any electorate, some of whom Lee Clark remember, be invited to join on the basis didn't even live in Dallas, but rather in of ability, interest, industry, and a few the rich c en t e r suburban towns of by school officials to bar Negroes from othe• laudable traits. And the map shows Highland Park and University Park, the program. The honors program re- where those traits abound. where the schools are said to be excellent qui•es a given number of students of the Dr. White also suggests that qualified and exclusive. Their children were not at same age in any specific school. If this students in schools with no honors pro- stake; therefore other, more mercantile number is not available, which is often gram can take special classes at Crozier considerations prevailed, and Dr. White the case, the few students at other schools Tech, a downtown technical and voca- was retained. who might qualify, even under such sub- tional high school long sneered at in Dr. Nolan Estes, the new superintend- jective criteria, are not permitted to white-collar Dallas for its blue-collar ent-elect, will bring to Dallas vital exper- transfer to join an honors group. character. Tech is a school whose faculty ience in the US Office of Education, as is better qualified to prepare students for well as a PhD from Harvard and post-doc- When Dr. Norman Kaplan, immediate office and factory work than to groom toral work at Columbia, alien baggage in past president of the League for Educa- future collegians. It hardly seems the this traditional territory of anti-intellec- tional Advancement in Dallas (LEAD), an place, either psychologically or educa- tualism, evangelism, the self-made man, anti-establishment group of citizens who tionally, to send high-aptitude students and mistrust of the federal government. are trying to upgrade the standards of who long for intellectual achievement. Reclemptively, Estes was burn in Texas public schools, appeared at a meeting of and attended at various times the Univer- the school board to protest this policy of It is in running the public schools, sities of Corpus Chi•sti, Tex., and Baylor. no-transfer-unde•-any-circumstances and more than in any other aspect of life here, No doubt this native-son aura helped hesi- to demand more objectively provable that Dallas' establishment faces its most tant board members to accept his pro- qualifications for the honors program, he vigorous, open challenge to its supe•- gressive outlook on education. Nonethe- was accused after the meeting by Assist- authority in this critical year of 1968. No less certain ones un the board are said to ant Supt. Dr. Frank Williams of "med- doubt LEAD, which just last year hired have reassured themselves about Estes dling" in school affairs. "I could shake able, energetic Jo Fay Godbey, former with questions to him such as, "Are you a you for what you said," the Dallas Times president of the League of Women Voters, liberal?" "Are you a conservative?" Do you Herald reported Williams blurted to Kap- to work as executive director, will field drink?" The final vote was 5-4 with Dr. lan. The official further allowed that the quality candidates in April's school board Emmett Conrad, Dr. Marvin Berkeley, honors program was not going to be used election. Three posts open on the board and Mrs. Henri Bromberg (a persistently as a cover-up for getting Negro students will be the arena for a deadly confronta- enlightened threesome) persuading Jerry into all the high schools of the city. tion between LEAD and the establishment Wheat and Dr. Percy Luecke to vote with Committee for Good Schools (CGS), them against a more conservative man Larry Howell, editorial page writer for which has long made high educational from Texas A&M. , ran a column achievement a consideration secondary to defending the school administration's po- low property taxes. It's not surprising Mrs. Clark is an Observer contribut- sition, saying that any unprejudiced look ing editor. at a map of Dallas schools shows that March 1, 1968 7 that certain real estate men are very in- looks good in the race. Sen. Jim Wade's live in the district from which he runs terested in the Committee for Good all right. Sen. Oscar Mauzy has a free ride and campaign primarily in that district. Schools. LEAD is the only well-run grass- this year, drat it! Too bad Republican Ike It's ironic, historically, for the Republican roots opposition to downtown business Harris had to win the special Senate elec- party to take such an anti-business-estab- domination in recent Dallas history. This tion out there in North Dallas. Well, may- lishment position. But they've taken it coalition of Negroes, intellectuals, young be Joe Moody can beat him. But who and it might work. people, Jews, and Republicans won its wants Joe Moody? That independent cuss. Republican Jim Collins has an excellent first victory last year in electing Dr. Em- We had enough of him on the city coun- chance of defeating Cong. Pool this time, mett Conrad and Dr. Marvin Berkeley to cil. and former Commissioner Frank Crow- the school board. The trouble is the legislative delegation. ley is a formidable opponent for Graham We've got some pretty uppity people Purcell. Harris is likely to hold onto the IN THE PAST, the CGS has there. State Senate seat he won last fall. responded to LEAD opposition with news- Insiders of the business leadership met Richard Nixon or Ronald Reagan, but paper ads, characterized by such captions a Few days before filing deadline to de- especially Nixon, could cause Democrats as: "DANGER * BEWARE * LIBERAL- cide various matters, including how to no end of trouble from the top in Dallas, LABOR-NEGRO EXTREMISTS TAKING deal with these dissidents. Rumored and Republican lever-pulling could leave OVER OUR SCHOOLS." One ad warned among those present were S. J. Hay, J. T. the establishment wondering what hap- of the threat posed by an alien candidate Suggs, Bob Cullum, and John Stemmons, pened in '68. This is possible, but not originally from Pennsylvania, clearly a plus the political czar of the Dallas Morn- likely. troublemaker from the inflammatory and ing News, Dick West. Listed on the agenda It seems more plausible that Democrats foreign Eastern Seaboard. were four questionables in the legislative —most of them—will squeak through in These ads, signed by leading citizens delegation: Jim Clark, Sam Murphy, Joe '68. Dallas oligarchs will pat each other on of the community, worked to defeat oppo- Ratcliff and Jim Stroud. It seems that the back and say they did it again. And sition to the CGS in a couple of elections. Clark and Ratcliff were guilty of inde- they will indeed have clone it again, the Then gradually such tactics began to fail. pendence; Stroud was guilty of liberal- same old practice that can't continue to Perhaps Dallas people became too sophis- labor associations; and Murphy might work much longer. ticated about public education. Countless prove embarrassing in the future. (It voters have children in the Dallas schools. takes a lot to embarrass these city fath- It can't much longer succeed, for one Many more of them are coming to believe ers. When the Washington Post reported reason, because there's a generation gap that something's wrong; the city fathers, last year that Cong. Joe Pool- had been in Dallas, between the leaders in their they say, haven't tended the kids as well arrested for drunken driving, Dallas news- 50's and 60's and young men in their 30's. as they might have. They've cared more papers buried the story, and one jovial The generation in between, hose in their about other things, and why not when civic leader simply smiled and said, "We'll 40's, is generally ill-equipped, uninformed, many of them have their own children in have to see to it that Joe takes a taxi from uncommitted — the establishment has private or Park Cities schools anyway? So now on.") been so interested in subservience, in the many people here now believe. Clark emerged from the meeting unop- TEAM way, which means their way with no discussion, that they've brought up no The differences between CGS and LEAD posed in the primary. Stroud's fate is un- certain, though he is opposed by Ben Zoll- new leaders to succeed. them. They've philosophy seem apparent in their candi- shown an alarming tendency to separate dates' credentials. LEAD has proposed ner. There is no indication that Zollner is the establishment candidate, however. the men from the boys, and take the boys. people with ou t s t an ding educational The men have found interests elsewhere. backgrounds and enviable records of cur- More than likely, he's a stray. Well- rent intellectual achievement, people who founded rumor has it that the oligarchy is There is much talk in certain circles of know about education and could be supporting Joe Hawn against Murphy. naming Bobby Folsom, a successful real counted on to vote intelligently as board This support means a place on the TEAM, estate man, Fortyish, who came to glory members. The Comm i t tee for Good which receives• money and newspaper en- playing football for SMU in the Doak Schools has continued its pattern of act- dorsement as a group. In return they're Walker clays, as heir-apparent (or mayor- ing as benevolent dictators and has run expected to play puppy dog and carrier apparent ) and working through him. The nice people, decent people, often of mea- pigeon for the business interests back in oligarchs tried this once before when they ger intellectual means, who could be Dallas, and confine their own ideas to made Folsom chairman of the board of counted on to do as they were told—mind- home hobbies. education. He noncommittally allowed lessly, wordlessly, confident that they Dr. White to have his say-so-as-usual,- and were on the side of the angels. And who after Folsom came the deluge; LEAD EANWHILE the Republicans, would tell them differently? Both Dallas M moved in, and education in Dallas will under the leadership of former Texas In- newspapers assure the citizenry daily: never be the same again. The oligarchs struments executive Fred Agnich, now will soon be out of business there. The don't you all worry; papa's taking care of county chairman and one of the ablest everything. same thing could happen, after Folsom, men in Dallas politics, are planning a at City Hall. forceful and highly imaginative campaign AND WHAT OF politics in up and down Dallas county. They have 1968? The oligarchs feel relatively secure conceived the idea, diabolically clever, of IT'S FOOLISH to wish for the here, what with the large registration in running candidates for the Legislature overthrow of the oligarchy, only to re- Democratic districts. Surely a few well- from single member districts. Actually, place these admittedly well-meaning men chosen Negro ministers can be relied by law, all 15 candidates run at large. The with another establishment, perhaps more upon as usual to get those new voters to establishment insists on this practice to political in character. The trend in Dallas, the polls to pull the Democratic lever. It's preserve its control over the entire dele- probably a healthy one, is toward special- merely a question of running the right gation. A man confining all his energies ized diffusion of power. A new power Democrats. to one district might (as has the liberal structure is already emerging in educa- The Congressional team of Earle Cabell, Sen. Mauzy) build up a political base of tion, composed of people immersed in Joe Pool,. Ray Roberts, Graham Purcell, his own that money and press ostracism school issues. Perhaps- there will develop and Tiger Teague looks fine, fine. The gov- couldn't defeat. That, the argument goes, in Dallas a similar power of the press, ernorship is a tricky thing, but it's hard would mean dirty ward politics, and per- independent and vigorous in organizing to go against John's good friend Gene haps it would, though one wonders how, and dispensing public information. Busi- Locke. Barnes is our boy. No problem when a legislator has absolutely no pa- ness power has a real function to perform there. We've just got to make sure he tronage to dispense. in promoting economic stability and The Republicans have directed that growth. So has labor power. And politi- 8 The Texas Observer each candidate for the legislature must cians must have their own independent forum from which to lead public opinion. Where political power depends upon LIBERALS, RADICALS other power structures, it must draw upon all of them, not just one. The interaction of these specialized power units make a city dynamic. It's the The Conference monolithic design of power that makes Austin executive of the now-defunct Liberal Co- things so frustrating, so dull in Dallas at alition, the predecessor of Texas Liberal the moment. Dallas has all the appear- Speakers haye been chosen for the con- Democrats. Thiher is a UT graduate stu- ances of a city, but not very much of the ference of radicals and liberals that is dent, a campus activist, and a member of substance. There is an art museum, but being sponsored by The Texas Observer the Students for a Democratic Society. too few pictures inside. There are univer- and The Rag, an underground weekly that He and Goodwyn will talk for one hour, sities, but too little learning and even less serves Austin and Houston. They will then during the second hour hear ques- love of it. There are schools, but not speak, answer questions, and lead discus- tions and statements from those in the enough respect for them. There is a city sions during the two-day gathering on the plan, but ineffective means of implement- audience. The third hour participants will University of Texas campus March 16-17. divide into groups for further discussion. ing it. There are study committees, but The opening session, that Saturday no expertise. There are boards, commis- The same format will be followed on sions, commissioners, endless officials, morning at 9 o'clock, will feature Larry Saturday afternoon at 2 o'clock when but only one small group where power Goodwyn and Gary Thiher, who will dis- State Sen. Barbara Jordan, Houston, and really resides. cuss "The Liberal and Radical Views of UT faculty member Larry Caroline will Society," dealing with the terms "liberal- consider the question "Reform or Revo- All this will change. New people are ism" and "radicalism" and the under- lution?" Miss Jordan is a Negro senator moving into Dallas by the thousands who standing of today's society in those terms. now serving her first term. Caroline is have no taste for paternalism. The record Goodwyn is an Austin writer now doing the teacher who incurred the wrath of his doctoral work in history at the Uni- will show and memory will tell that the some on the UT board of regents in call- versity of Texas. He is an Observer con ing for a second American revolution, not change began in fateful 1968, while the tributing editor, former associate editor oligarchs were talking to each other. ❑ of this publication, and was the chief March 1, 1968 9

IN SAN ANTONIO

LANNY KEMPER IS OUR GENERAL AGENT FOR THE 63 Special Union Labor Disability Policy

CAMELLIA This is the policy that pays you $200 per month when you are disabled and unable to work due to sickness or accident. DRIVE . pays IN ADDITION to benefits received elsewhere for workmen's com- pensation, health and welfare, group and Union benefits.

. . . up to FIVE YEARS for accident.

. . . up to TWO YEARS for sickness.

. . . with an ARBITRATION CLAUSE for Union Labor.

. . . offered by a company whose employees are organized and represented by Local 277 of the Office and Professional Employees International Union of the AFL-CIO.

A MERICAN INCOME LIFE irmteitmeet

Executive Offices, P. 0. Box 208, Waco, Texas BERNARD RAPOPORT President

necessarily bloody, during a rally at the Capitol late last year. Sunday afternoon, 1-4 p.m., an open Observations forum is planned at which those attend- ing will raise any questions they wish dis- cussed by a panel of six, evenly divided as between liberals and radicals. The rad- Jim McKeithan icals will be Bobby Minkoff, a graduate student at UT and an SDS member; Jane Austin of the world in the rhetoric of despair. Adams, SDS regional traveler who works He was very quiet. He would sit at the out of Norman, Okla.; and Dwight Allen, James McKeithan drowned swimming dinner table listening intently to what the leader of the Afro-Americans for in Natal, Brazil a few days ago. He had everyone else said, saying little, himself. Black Liberation at the University of gone down there on some kind of inter- He had a held-back quality. His thoughts Houston. Liberals will be A. N. (Nate) national Jaycee project. He was 36, and were private to him. He had had, as a Slough, Austin, a labor leader and the practiced law in Mission, in the lower younger man, some harsh luck, first a new president of the Travis County Lib- Texas valley. skin condition, then a marriage that did eral Democrats; Dave Richards, a Dallas I have known him since college. He not work out, a little daughter he had to labor lawyer; and (due to a late cancella- was phenomenally brilliant; after the Uni- go visit to see. But he could think better tion) one other liberal yet unnamed. versity in Austin he studied international than most people, and this gave him a Moderator at all the sessions will be law at Geneva, and could have had his strength. He had a hard cut to his jaw, Dr. David Edwards, assistant professor of pick of the great law firms. However, a head-on manner when you were with government at UT. The conference will be he chose to go to the Lower Valley. him, and a way of looking down, in held at the Business and Economics Bldg. That is a desolate, isolated place, if thought, when others were talking to each (BEB ), room 150, which is a large lecture you are there for very long. There are a other in his presence, in all an eloquence hall. Adjoining classrooms will be used great many poor Mexicans, whose condi- of manner that could not be contrived or by the small discussion groups. tion subtly oppresses the conscience and intended, but was simply the way his the spirit of the others. The Hoiles papers inner life looked outside. The conference was conceived as a are a bane on the region, vicious, retro- means of encouraging dialogue and pro- grade, and next to valueless. The cities His thoughts were private to him, but moting understanding between Texas' and the towns have a strange emptiness his acts he gave to others. He was a little liberals and the state's growing number about them; except for what has to be puzzled how to help. A time or two he of radicals. There is no charge for attend- in them, there is nothing. You take what tried to get elected to the legislature ing but those planning to participate are comfort you can in the people you like from the Valley. Those people down requested to fill out the pre-registration and whatever activities and arrangements there didn't know what they had—a man form below so conference sponsors can you can erect, like a lean-to on the plains, who ought to be governor, who ought to have some idea of how many persons to against the boredom. It is a long way, be senator; a man fit to be President. expect. across desert and vacant ranchland— They just didn't know. For one thing, he south, west, or north—to anyplace else, was so quiet. For another, it's hard for r...... 4.. ii. IP. MD omb m. AM ONO NO Ily a PRE-REGISTRAtiON FORM: except for the Gulf of Mexico, which, in people to believe the others, who are in the other circumstances, really exist. slid FORM 4 NOT hrupgranENDANcraT IS e a way, is someplace else. The gayest thing •Oiti IBML 10%1 8 MR ISOMIGI Those who knew Jim could not get him •DnersioNvooms, c. is the night life across the river; but after 1 I across to the others. Besides, he wasn't a s you have been spoiled by the cheap big I steaks and cabrito a number of times, a Mexican. To be a liberal but not a Mexi- NAME: I and have made sufficient calls on Boys can, this, for someone running for office • 1 Town, tourist or functional, as the case in South Texas, has become a misfortune. a ADDRESS t, 1 may be, you reach a point where you can- He lost and went on with the practice of a 8 law. I I not continue to exclude from your feel- • e ings the beggary of the people, contrast- When the farm workers' strike started II RAN IT ArrEND SAE SUN 0 BaTidy) ing with your life. The Valley's time will at the upper northwest corner of the •i DIO DON'T 0 NEE!? A PLACE To 5TAki • come, but it hasn't yet, and that, I think Valley, the question arose, who would be 1 MAUD: RAG YEAS 086ERvErt is why Jim went there. the lawyer? Their strike infuriated and 609 W .2310 oz 39•111124111 1 He was—even in his death, it must be frightened the established Anglos in the 9 A011116.7VMS AusTA1115445 I I. U admitted, he was—a liberal. He wore Valley just as the first sit-ins inflamed ..1 suits and cut his hair; he went to the Southern whites. Whoever took their case

10 The Texas Observer civic club luncheons and taught Sunday would be known. Many looked it over school. He did not so need to be better and decided, No. Good people did; they and righter than everyone else that he decided, however, No. But Dr. Ramiro BOUND VOLUMES became willing to overlook, justify, ra- Casso gave them medical care, and Jim tionalize, or commit injustice in the cause gave them legal care. As the Rangers and of the of justice. He did not ease his sorrow the local police played out those trans- parent farces in which the gendarmerie OBSERVER Bound volumes of the 1967 issues of The Texas Observer are now available. In hand- some maroon washable binding — the same MARTIN ELFANT as in recent years—the price is $12. Since 1866 Also available at $12 each are volumes for the years 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1966—the years Sun Life of Canada of The Observer in its present format. The Place in Austin A very limited number of volumes for 1960, 1961, and 1962 remain in stock. These 1001 Century Building will be sold, on a first,come first-served GOOD FOOD basis, at $25 each. Houston, Texas Texas residents please add the 3% state GOOD BEER and Austin city sales tax to your order. Volumes will be sent postpaid. 1607 San Jacinto (Adv.) CA 4-0686 GR 7-4171 /•••••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••••••••••••••.

are cast in feudal areas, Jim would negotiate with the authorities for the arrested or beaten farm workers and get In My Opini:#1 them out of jail and advise them and de- fend them. He was the city attorney of Mission, Texas, and it was a curious thing how the authorities in Mission looked on it. Gladden and COPE They, who had lived in the town with him, knew him, and with that lucidity Austin worked out this understanding with Barnes; that come next January when the about right and wrong which most peo- I am beyond the point of being able to ple have at least in their private thoughts, legislature convenes and there are a exercise much cool-headed judgment few committees run by liberals in the they kind of closed ranks around him. I about Texas labor's treatment of Don Senate ( there was just one so controlled was down there enough and sensed it: Gladden's candidacy for lieutenant gov- they were not going to let anybody hurt last year, that a minor committee) and ernor. Such is the depth of my feeling that some rules changes are made that him because of what he was doing if for Gladden as a man and for his com- I'll at last begin to perceive the shrewd- they could help it. mitment to liberal values. I have in con- One night two of the farm strikers, versations loudly expressed my view that ness of these liberals and the soundness of their pragmatism. both of whom had police records, were labor is selling out the liberal movement beaten as they were arrested. In the wee once again and that Gladden should be But I cannot turn my back on Gladden. hours Jim drove upvalley at once to Rio endorsed by the State AFL-CIO's Com- This man deserves liberals' support no Grande City, charged into the jail, and mittee on Political Education (COPE) if matter the political consequences. Why demanded to see his clients. The jailers, not as a matter of political shrewdness make deals with the Establishment when then the authorities, said no, not now. (which it might not prove to be) at least liberals will inevitably run the state soon, The hell, not now, McKeithan said: Now. as a matter of principle. and would run it much sooner if they I have been told by others who were would get tougher and not sell so quick- there that this is the way it was, he told Now of course I have not been in the league very long. I too dimly perceive ly? Why are Barnes and people like him them he was going to see his clients or coming to liberals and working out un- the jefes were going to have to beat him that principle must be armed with prag- matism. And, I am told, leading Texas derstandings? It is not because they have up, too. He saw his clients, and he got at last seen the wisdom of these positions pictures of their injuries. liberals, our State Senators mostly, struck off agreements and understand- liberals have been advancing for 30 years; He knew, I am sure, that the farm it is because they know their day is end- workers would lose the strike. In several ings with Gladden's opponent, Establish- mentarian Ben Barnes, before the leaves ing and a new political era is at hand in long interviews, he was perfectly objec- Texas. tive; he distinguished carefully between began to fall last year. What their hurry what he knew and what was hearsay, and was I'm not certain; I guess Barnes It is not my position that COPE en- he never made that tell-tale mistake peo- looked like a shoo-in, so why not get dorsement is the difference between vic- ple at their wits' end or full of hate make, friendly with him and get a few bones tory and defeat for Gladden. But endorse- acting as though what they believe is the thrown your way during the 61st legis- ment would mean several tens of thou- same thing as what they know. As a law- lature. Right? Right. Anyway, since the. sands more votes for him, and it would yer he was specific and cogent: from Senators have thrown in with Barnes it cut into Barnes' total. If Barnes won very memory he recited the welter of alternat- would be a bit awkward for labor not to big this year he would run the state; ing episodes and litigations, the salient do the same, if they wish influence with whoever wins the Democratic lieutenant details of what had happened and the these Senators and if they don't wish to governor's nomination will lead the pri- essential legal theory. Never once did he be left out of the action next year when mary ticket, given the number of guber- speak of right or wrong. He had in him Barnes may well run the Senate. natorial candidates; if Barnes gets the a tragic sense of life and a quiet in the I have, in cooler moments, conceded nomination he probably would be the top midst of it that did not exaggerate the that I may be glad most liberal Senators importance of his persistence for what and the leaders of the State AFL-CIO March 1, 1968 11 he believed.

'H E WAS A crusader," his PETE BERNICE mother said. "I guess the way we should look at it is that we were lucky to have 36 years with him." He did more good SEEGER REAGON in his time than most people would do in ten times theirs. Death, final, always says more about our life than anything else does, and Jim McKeithan's death IN CONCERT says more, to me, about our present society, than any other death has. R.D. San Antonio Austin Monday, March 11 Tuesday, March 12 City Coliseum-8:00 p.m. O.L.L. College Auditorium (not an $1 advance $1.50 at door BUMPERSTRIPS AND official function of 0.1.1. College) Tickets available at: $1 students $2 adults The Texas Observer The Rag Office LAPEL PINS For tickets write: The Maya SACSWIV, The Sunshine Shop

Underground City Hall IN P.O. Box 2742 Travis Book Store table in front San Antonio, Texas of Hemphill's, and '68 Sponsored by: 2200 Guadalupe ABJ To benefit: Anyone But Johnson San Antonio Committee to Stop Austin Committee to End the War Bumperstrips: 1-25c; 5—$1; 1,000—$65 the War in Vietnam in Vietnam Large Lapel Pins: 3—$1; 20—$5 and Women for Peace/Women Strike DISSENTING DEMOCRATS OF TEXAS • for Peace Box 876, Austin, Texas 78767 vote-getter in November, topping LBJ tent he could last year. Tide and time saken Gladden. and the rest. are now with liberals. So what have Liberals must hold their leaders' feet It is just conceivable that Gladden COPE and the State AFL-CIO to fear in to the fire more assiduously; this done, could win this primary, not likely, but endorsing Gladden over Barnes? Labor's we will not fail people like Don Yarbor- conceivable. Who knows how the state's hopes for the next Senate will not, I ough and Don Gladden who have stood approximately 750,000 new voters are go- think, be adversely affected to a great for principles liberals cherish. ing to vote this year, those of them who extent if Barnes beats a labor-endorsed As for myself, if it should come to that, do turn out? Gladden is an attractive and Gladden. I would vastly prefer to lose with Yar- savvy candidate, an unapologetic liberal. For a time it appeared Don Yar- borough and Gladden than win with Hill There is an anti-Establishment current borough, the liberals' entry in the gov- and Barnes. running in Texas and Barnes is identified ernor's race, might not get a COPE en- with the Connally team. dorsement. It now appears he will, al- I believe COPE would be preparing though, again, some of the liberal Sena- The Conference tors are behind other candidates. Sen. to endorse Barnes this weekend were it I hope the upcoming conference of Charles Wilson of Lufkin is for John Hill. not for Gladden's entry into the race. Texas liberals and radicals will provide With Gladden in, labor has had to re- So is Fort Worth Sen. Don Kennard, who more dialogue than debate. I expect and has also aided Barnes' campaign. Prob- consider things and has offered to recom- hope for debate, but I am more inter- ably several other Senators why fly lib- mend, not endorse, him. Further, it is ested that enhanced understanding, not said he has been offered $10,000 of labor eral colors are supporting both Hill and -rhetoric, proceed from the discussions. money for his campaign, would • be Barnes. Labor's defense that it must not There will be no scoreboard hanging plugged in a mailout to the 225,000 per- embarrass the liberal Senators by en- above the speakers' heads that weekend; sons on the AFL-CIO's mailing list, and dorsing Gladden over Barnes does not, I expect some rancor will arise, some would be recommended in labor slate somehow, seem to apply to the governor's sparks be struck. That is fine, but I hope cards in all counties but Harris and race. Would it not logically follow that participants will talk to and not at each Dallas. Yarborough, likewise, should not be en- other. dorsed by COPE, since several liberal sen- There are many in politics hereabouts I urge you to attend that weekend of who will tell you this is a good deal; ators are leaning towards Hill? Somehow, no. I don't know why. March 16-17. It should be an entertaining, that Don Yarborough in 1962 did better stimulating time, perhaps significant in among labor voters with a recommenda- Just what is it with our Senators, any- the development of thought on the Texas tion than he would have with an endorse- way? It is hardly for me to say who is left. ment. That's possible, but I doubt it. In a true liberal, and who is not. But what I think it's interesting that I had rather any case, why not endorse Gladden? Prin- goes on when men who say they are a hard time lining up enough liberals for ciple has some liberal side with a conservative during a place in politics. And the conference's program. I talked to Barnes will not be in a position next tight campaign? What is Wilson up to? And Kennard? How do Mauzy, Schwartz, about 15 persons before I found five I year to go against liberal goals to the ex- thought would be good and who were and some of the others stand on the Yar- 12 The Texas Observer borough race? We know they have for- willing to participate. Those who de- clined generally were (1) apprehensive they might have to play straight man to the radicals (so I believe, at least), or (2) are moving further leftward them- selves now to the extent that they do not honestly feel they could well repre- sent liberalism as we have known it. I've been loking further left in the last year or more and believe many Texas liberals are; some of the names of these radicalizing liberals would surprise you. I now am beginning to think that Texas liberalism is moving further leftward generally. We have very few cancellations of Observer subscriptions for our stand against President Johnson and the Viet- nam war. I now sense a growing sympa- thy with the Observer's gradual move- ment further left. Consider the letters in this issue's Dialogue section in response to Walter G. Hall's article in which he defended President Johnson; most of them attack Johnson and the war. I be- lieve that response is characteristic of the liberal community of Texas and repre- sents its sentiments. I am surprised about it. Most of the exceptions to this gen- eral feeling that I have found are in the ranks of organized labor. I believe such persons are shortsighted in not acknowledging the crucial challenge to people of good will that the war and the Johnson presidency pose. Many of our readers have wearied of the Observer's occupation with Vietnam, believing we should stick to Texas politics alone; but I believe many others agree with us that Vietnam and Johnson are the overriding issues of our time and that this is an ex- iha':st1`li4itgltfOliiilll...%JW.b.0f4~1+~111Qy1R'

ceptional situation which the Observer, Capitol, goals that long have been the would badly damage the prospects for a and Texas liberals, must respond to, even keystone of Texas liberals' work. meaningful exchange of views. I believe perhaps if it means delaying capture of I fear that far more radicals than lib- you will profit by attending and hope you the state's Democratic party and the erals will be at the conference. That will consider it. G.O.

DIALOGUE What's Right with LBJ? --11 A Minor Annoyance Concentrate on Don Mr. Hall's performance was, of course, very sophisticated (in the sense of being I have read with interest the article by I would no more cancel my subscrip- full of sophistries) but I felt that it would Walter G. Hall [What's Right with LBJ?] tion to the Observer, which I love, than have been more readable if he had filled in your Feb. 16 issue. I was somewhat I would to the Dallas News, whose edi- out its hero-image generalizations with amused and reminded of that famous torial page I loathe. All I object to now- supporting detail. line: "Other than that, Mrs. Lincoln, how adays in the Observer is the obsession For instance, when Mr. Hall praised did you enjoy the show?"—Jesse H. Op- with the Vietnam war, which is as tragic Lyndon for "diverting America's attention penheimer, 1540 Milam Bldg., San An- but as inevitable as the strangling of Des- from pleasant living to a suffering minor- tonio, Tex. 78205. demona by Othello. Just look at it as a ity—black and white—who have lived tragedy that had to happen. The villain , Freedom and Bravery forgotten lives," I felt that it would have is not LBJ but destiny. rounded out his thought if Mr. Hall had On Feb. 9, 1938, a young fellow of 18 Let's concentrate on electing Don Yar- added a few details about how Lyndon was asked to be at the American con- borough and quit cussing LBJ and the thus diverted public attention by per- sulate in Stuttgart, Germany, for exami- war. That is our No. 1 job, else we are sonally triumphing over a host of other nation for emigration to the United spinning our wheels. It's not too difficult individuals—from Sargent Shriver and to read Walter G. Hall and applaud. States. Afterwards, as he stepped out of Martin Luther King to Rap Brown and the office 1,000 eyes looked into his face Don deserves our undivided attention. Archer Fullingim, editor, the Kountze Senor Tijerina—who were concurrently to see if he had made it; many of those trying to shush up the whole minorities- eyes were closed later at the gas cham- News, Kountze, Tex. civil rights matter and re-divert the pub- bers of the concentration camps. I was Aiding Communism lic attention to "affluence and pleasant that 18-year-old. living." I served five years in the US Army While I disagree with all of Mr. Hall's Details add color. And while Mr. Hall's during World War II. I have voted in article in general, I should like specifi- all elections. Democratic and liberal was generalizations were rather completely cally to challenge his statement that "by colored, I felt a stronger, brighter color- my voting record. I served two years on maintaining our commitment in Viet- the Travis County Democratic executive ing with such details would have height- nam the has greatly re- ened his effect. committee and was active in electing Sen. duced the likelihood of future commun- Ralph W. Yarborough and President Lyn- ist aggression in Southeast Asia. . . ." Similarly, I felt that praise for our don B. Johnson. I also was a delegate As I view the Vietnamese situation the Leader's achievement in the War on Pov- who helped elect Mrs. Frankie Randolph exact opposite occurrance is more prob- erty would have been strengthened by a national committeewoman from Texas. able. . . . detailed supporting case history of two— So I feel bad when I see my two Something besides political ideology perhaps best of all by the persuasive rhetoric of a first-person case history. friends, Fagan Dickson (Obs., Nov. 10) accounts for North Vietnam's survival and Walter G. Hall, on different sides. Friends who keep track of such things and continued support. I submit that tell me that Mr. Hall himself was hard I think Mr. Hall's "What's Right with much of it is the Vietcong's struggle to pressed to find one million to rub against LBJ?" is closer to reality. The question expel a foreign, arrogant United States I like to ask my friend, Mr. Dickson, is another until one of Lyndon's anti-pov- from all of Vietnam. I submit, further, erty projects—referred to locally as the can we be free without being brave? Or that additional US escalation of the war can we be brave without being free? Did "NASA complex"—was plumped down in will be met with a corresponding escala- the very middle of the community where America ask for the Berlin airlift, the tion of nationalist and Vietcong will Cuba situation, the Vietnam situation, Mr. Hall's little string of banks eked out to resist. Finally, other nationalistic an existence. Now Mr. Hall can walk into the Pueblo incident, the Korean situa- Asians should be expected to identify tion? Regardless of who will be our presi- the very midst of the Great Society with with the Vietcong rather than the Unit- a real sense of belonging and his personal dent he will face the problem of defend- ed States. The United States must he ing the liberty of the world. Mr. John- insights could deepen public understand- regarded as a distinctly foreign power in ing of the realities of Lyndon's triumph. son did the best job anybody could have Vietnam. We are killing Southeast Asians, done and he deserves to be reelected. specifically Vietnamese nationals, not With his argument supported by such Louis Hirsch, 4702 Chiappero Trail, foreign intruders. . . detail, Mr. Hall could then have arrived Austin, Tex. 78731. Wayne Oakes, Shelby, Tex. at his climactic rhetorical question, "How can a liberal not support Lyndon?" with The Disarray of American Society At Last a readership better prepared to respond Walter G. Hall's defense of President Re Mr. Hall's article: at last a liberal with emotional fervor. Johnson can be reduced to a neat para- and sane estimate of President Johnson. phrase of the "Ultimate Reflection" in Even as it was, being the sort of reader —P. H. Gratton, 1511 N. Washington, Ros- willing to flesh out a bare-bones argu- Quotations from Chairman LBJ. "John- well, N.M. 88201. ment from a writer with requisite detail son is the only President the liberals have got." Are such arguments, in the out of my own personal knowledge, I was America 1968, Germany 1938 able to respond with quite sufficient emo- perspective of 1964, likely to appeal to I thought I had finally outgrown letter- tion by echoing his question with an ana- those liberals who see the disarray of to-the-editor impulses, but I found Mr. logue out of my recollections of recent American society produced by the John- Walter Hall's defense of our Leader so history: "How could a socialist not sup- son Vietnam policy? I think not. — Lewis compellingly emetic that ... oops, here it L. Gould, 1713B Enfield Rd., Austin, Tex. comes. Dodge! March 1, 1968 13

port Hitler?" terance. They made picayune objections We do not insist that our government After all, Germany's Leader (fuehrer) to method amid the massive overall offer genuine freedom and democracy to came to power as head of the National achievement of socialist objectives; and the poor countries of the world; on the Socialist Party. And truly he achieved when ultimately the national socialism contrary, we offer anti-communism in the unprecedented progress toward objec- came to focus in a fling at a nationalist form of military dictatorships. By the tives accepted by all socialists—miracu- world dominance, these isolated socialists fear and horror we create through the lous reductions in unemployment, for in- harped on the theme that a nationalist devastation of the people and country stance. Public works projects of unprece- world dominion was not a socialist ob- of Vietnam we have earned the hatred of dented scope gave employment to hun- jective at all. They flouted the massive the world and promoted communism in dreds of thousands; within brief years af- achievements toward socialist objectives a way no one else could have. Arnold ter Hitler was elected chancellor, high- which still prevailed .... Toynbee has said that America today ways able to carry heavy equipment cris- But those isolated socialists who did stands for what Rome stood for — the crossed Germany from the Ruhr to the not support Hitler are just history now. rich against the poor. Sudetenland. There was even reforesta- Germany's great socialist Leader achieved . . . Our democracy prepares to be- tion from Bavaria to Penemunde. Addi- a final triumph by first socializing and come a garrison state. The billions of tional millions of unemployed were able then finalizing their isolation. dollars and the national energy squan- to find jobs in a booming military-indus- To revert to the immediate question: dered in Vietnam might have gone far trial complex. And a not inconsiderable How can a liberal not be for Johnson, to eliminate the cause of riots rather group of the unemployed were recruited Mr. Hall? Not to generalize, let me state than the rioters. . . . to deal directly with a few mangy dissi- simply that this liberal, given a sense That Nixon and Wallace offer no real dents who rejected the national consen- of the realities such as is reflected in alternative to LBJ only compounds the sus. And of the course the nation's bank- what I have already said, finds it easy not tragedy but does nothing to make LBJ ing and industry were deftly knit into the to be for Johnson. For me it's a cinch; "right". . . . fabric of the Reich—channeled into serv- it's a breeze; it's a lark. Mrs. Lee Dresh, 2200 Midway, Mesquite, ice of the national purpose. And the Her- In fact it's a compulsion of the sort Tex. man Goering Werke rapidly came to be sometimes described as a sense of duty. Not as substantial an integer in the German .. An inherent obligation to the living the Basic Question industrial structure as Brown and Root things of this planet, to the human race, Walter Hall, in his article. . . rightly and IT&T in this country's economy now. to contemporary civilization — for with urges moderation on those who would the latest news arrives confirmation of indiscriminately criticize Johnson. Cer- How could a German socialist not sup-. tainly it should not be forgotten that he port Hitler's leadership? Being neither the fact that our Leader's latest fancy in- volves a toying with fissionable materials. had many domestic accomplishments to German nor a socialist, all I can say for his credit prior to their curtailment by sure is that a few isolated socialists did Mark Adams, 4107 Bradwood Rd., Aus- tin, Texas 78722. the war. Mr. Hall's treatment. of the war withhold support. For all his achievement in Vietnam, however . . . will likely make toward socialist objectives, they seemed LBJ Is Not Right people forget his earlier wisdom. . . . to feel that when Schickelgruber uttered One paragraph in particular epitomiz- socialism it lost something—or maybe . . . If those who call themselves lib- es the misconceptions and errors which gained a great deal too much—in the ut- erals do not yet know what is not right have led us into the unholy mess that with LBJ, the nation and the world faces is Vietnam: "There is only one basic 14 The Texas Observer a dismal future. Why did some of us question involved in the Vietnam con- suppose that we would prove to be dif- troversy: Is it in the vital interest of ferent from the "patriots" of other coun- the United States to have Southeast Asia THE TEXAS OBSERVER tries, who self-righteously closed their fall to the communists? If the answer minds and hearts to the obviously cor- is 'No,' then the administration is correct. BOOKSTORE rupt, even depraved and suicidal policies If the answer is 'Yes,' then the Presi- A partial list of titles ready for immediate shipment: of their nations' leaders and marched dent is wrong." List Mem. proudly to their own doom? In the first place, the connotation of Price Price Liberals have ... soaked up [the radical "fall to the communists" is that of a uni- right's] philosophy to the point that our fied, single - minded outside provocateur own nation has become thoroughly mili- pulling all of the red strings in South- tarized, ready and willing to wage war east Asia. That is not an easy connota- NORTH TOWARD HOME anytime and anywhere so long as the Willie Morris $5.95 $4.76 tion to defend, particularly if the inher- name of the game is anti-communism. ent nationalism of revolutionary move- ments is considered. . . . Secondly, it is obviously not in the US

THE JOHN HOWARD GRIFFIN READER Bradford Daniel (ed.) $8.50 $6.60 POLITICAL BUTTONS MEETINGS THE THURSDAY CLUB of Dallas meets each Thursday noon for lunch (cafeteria style) at Yarborough for Governor the Downtown YMCA, 605 No. Ervay St., Dallas. Good discussion. You're welcome. In- formal, no dues. SOME PART OF MYSELF McCarthy for President J. Frank Dobie $6.95 $5.56 The TRAVIS COUNTY LIBERAL DEMO- CRATS meet at the Spanish Village, 802 Red '411/4444C I Am A Dissenting Democrat River, at 8 p.m. on the first Thursday. You're SAO** latvEt (with hand showing thumb pointing down) invited.

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We must receive them one week before the date of the issue in which they are to be published. interest to have any government any- Vietnam—and for offering only a "vac- we are supposed to be a democracy which where in the world existing which is not uum" in its place. makes it the responsibility of ALL citi- pro-American. But does it follow from He appears to support a domino theory zens to denounce their President when that that we can or must send out coun- which even the administration would he breaks his pledge to those who elected ter-revolutionary crusaders to beat each blush to do, since our few successes seem him and has led the nation into an unde- of them down? Further, is there anything to have occurred in nations where our clared and little understood war which we can do about communist governments troops were not offending local patriots. threatens to end in ultimate nuclear dis- in Asia militarily? Might we not have to He fails to recognize that our very pres- aster. learn to live with them, while doing ence in Vietnam drives patriots into the What is NOT right with LBJ could be- what we can non-militarily to build via- arms of the communists and of their gin with the fact that he was overwhelm- ble governments because we leave them historic enemy, China. And he misstates ingly elected in 1964 by a large majority no other alternative? the one basic question involved in the across the nation who were terrified of Is "aggression" . . . a clear description controversy: "Are the vital interests of Goldwater's warmongering and com- of what is happening over there? . . . the United States served by its presence forted by LBJ's: "There are those who What kind of "freedom" is it Mr. Hall in Asia." And the answer, of course, is say I ought to go North and drop bombs is so sure we are "defending" in Viet- NO! to wipe out the supply lines—but we nam? Is it true that ". . the United States Edgar Crane, 13507 Kingsride, Houston, don't want to get tied down in a land and its Vietnamese allies did not start Tex. war. in Asia" (8/25/64) and, "We are not this war. Hanoi did when it invaded about to send American boys nine or ten South Vietnam" or that "The record What's Not Right with LBJ thousand miles away from home to do clearly shows that the United States has - ... That LBJ did, at a time of national what Asian boys should be doing for persisted in trying to negotiate a settle- themselves," (Akron, 0.) .... ment in Vietnam"? I think not, on both shock and brief remorse, get some good counts. • legislation for domestic programs passed Walter Hall says: "There is only one into law is true. That the civil rights and ... There is an instructive inconsistency basic question involved in the Vietnam between [Mr. Hall's] ... assertion that poverty programs have failed to correct controversy: Is it in the vital interest of the emergency conditions in the ghettos "Americans value freedom enough to help the United States to have Southeast Asia is not entirely the fault of the President. fall to the communists?" This is truly the the weak defend theirs from the strong" but that the staggering sums of money and his statement a column earlier that most arrogant example of moral deprav- and dedication using in pursuing the war it is simple US national interest that has ity and greed possible to conceive. It is to us there. in Vietnam might have gone far to pre- say that, our military might gives us the vent the explosive situation across the right to decide wherever and whenever Craig Bestrup (University of Chicago country today, is a valid argument ... , we choose to set up OUR type govern- Divinity School), 1369 E. Hyde Park LBJ's solution to the anger and bitterness ment, regardless of what the people of Blvd., apt. 603, Chicago, Ill. 60615. in the ghettos: "bigger and better trained another nation may wish. OUR type gov- police forces, special 'riot training' for An Inept Showing ernment, regardless of what the people of the National Guard and more sophisti- another nation may wish. OUR type gov- The unwillingness of supporters of cated weaponry for quelling the angry ernment in Vietnam and numerous other Lyndon Johnson to debate those of us militants," a conflict that, in the opinion places including South'Korea, is a repres- who support Sen. Eugene McCarthy is of Robert Rigg (Army Magazine, January sive military dictatorship propped up by matched only by the inept showing they 1968,) could be as difficult and prolonged our military and our tax dollars, and is in make when we lure them into the open. as the fighting in Vietnam .... no way a choice of the indigenous people. Walter G. Hall's appearance in the Ob- Some Americans, like the "patriots" of server is an illustration of this principle. all nations at war, feel they MUST trust The record DOES NOT clearly show I agree with one point he makes—that their leadership and to criticize it seems Lyndon Johnson wants peace. But I also anti-American and unpatriotic. Thus, we March 1, 1968 15 believe that Johnson has shown he is should readily understand the "patriots" utterly unable to achieve peace or any- of Nazi Germany, imperial Japan, and all thing else, save death and destruction, in others who followed their leaders to UNION LABEL Vietnam. How can we vote for a man who their moral and physical . downfall. But so ineptly pursues what he so ardently POLITICAL PRINTING desires? ... [Hall] says that Gavin no longer ATHENA MONTESSORI SCHOOL Typical Prices: favors enclaves as a solution to Vietnam CHILDREN 2-6 CARDS, 10,000 2 colors both sides, incl. pic. etc. $77. . I quote the Saturday Evening Post of Red River at 41st MATCHES, printed 2 colors on front, saddle, Feb. 24, an article bylined by Gavin him- GL 4-4239 and back, 10,000 $83. self: "We should put into operation a or METAL BUTTONS, printed in 2 colors on 1 1/2 plan for de-escalation of our forces based GR 6-9700 inch on the enclave strategy." with spring pins inserted, 1,000 $58. POSTERS, 11x17 inches, printed in 2 colors on In a single paragraph Hall condemns .011 white tagboard, incl. picture, etc., 2,000 $113. opponents of the war for having too BUMPERSTICKERS, black on fluorescent, 3 3/4 x many alternative policies to suggest in For Those Who Don't Want 11 3/4 inches, 2,000 $95. To Publicize HemisFair All Prices Cash, F.O.B. Austin, Devilish Sales Tax STICKERS Not Included. Other prices upon request. CLASSIFIED 2\trwt,paper, S Poll(' al 1 designed to cover that bad word at the bottom I SW.. rcuil Work _,7 ANNE'S TYPING SERVICE: Duplicating (multi- of your '68 plates (super stickum stuff) ."1.77,o, Iti r. P •tt ,*r. lith, mimeo, ditto), Xeroxing, Mailing, Public • NO MORE WAR ct: Notary, Specialize in rush jobs, including Sun- t:t days. Formerly known as Marjorie Delafield • LA RAZA UNIDA TURA PRESS Typing and Duplicating Service. Call HI 2-7008, • BLACK POWER Austin. they also fit briefcases, uniforms, V AREA 512/442.7836 BOOKPLATES. Free catalog. Many beautiful flags, foreheads, etc. 1714 SOUTH CONGRESS designs. Special designing too. Address: BOOK- P. 0. BOX 3485 iN PLATES, Yellow Springs 8, Ohio. 10c each or 2 For 15c NI AUSTIN, TEXAS 78704 AKC HUNGARIAN PULI puppies for sale: show, 3014 Washington Square pet, working livestock. Love children. Some obe- GL 2-1841 Austin ,•l ∎ POlit :t1 dience training. Visitors welcome. GR 2-0793, NI itt.c. ■ cht Austin. Adt, t•rt t,tttt2. (-ttnitttit, "that the U.S. has persisted in trying to we feel it has caused considerable nation- and Drug Abuse. These sources all seem negotiate a settlement in Vietnam." On al and international regression. to indicate that marijuana is not a nar- the contrary, the record clearly shows Eula M. McNabb, 5521 Richmond Ave., cotic, not an addictive drug, does not that each time there has been an indica- Dallas, Tex. 75206. cause crime, does not lead to heroin ad- tion that peace talks might be coming up, diction, does ,not produce physiological LBJ has found some excuse, either real or Cheap Demagoguery or psychologieal harm, and is less dan- manufactured, to escalate the war. This Judge St. John Garwood makes a time- gerous than alcohol. duplicity is documented in American Viet- ly and cogent point in his letter (Obs., Marijuana is now defined by statute nam Policy—the Strategy of Deception Feb. 16) when he indignantly protests as a narcotic; however, as Mr. Maverick by Herman and DuBoff, Inter-University the unfairness of calling the war in Viet- pointed out: "If, as all competent medi- Committee for Debate on Foreign Policy. nam, "Johnson's war." cal evidence suggests, marijuana is not [by Edward S. Herman and Richard B. As every informed citizen knows, it is a narcotic, the legislature describing it Du Boff, Public Affairs Press, Washington, all Americans' war, in the sense that all as such does not make it a narcotic. If D.C., $2 in paperback]. Americans are collectively responsible the legislature declared that a jack rab- Cordye Hall, 5835 Ellsworth, Dallas, for what their elected representatives do bit is the same thing as a taxi-cab, it Tex. officially in their name. And this is pre- would seem that the courts of Texas cisely the reason that so many "Millions would be at liberty to make some kind US Citizens Are Ashamed of Perfectly Decent (and Prominent) of a judicial correction." "What's Right with LBJ?" is filled with Americans" are so profoundly alarmed And what did the Court of Criminal untruths, hypocrisies, and false premis- by and firmly opposed .to, the adminis- Appeals say to this one? "The conviction es. Why should one defend the President, tration's policy there. Just as Judge Gar- is for the possession of marijuana, a the puppet of the US military-industrial wood feels that he should support that narcotic drug; and the punishment was complex, who did not have sufficient policy, these citizens feel that "a decent assessed at twenty-five years. The judg- stature, courage, or responsibility to re- respect to the opinions of mankind" re- ment is affirmed." sist when that complex saw an oppor- quire them to oppose it. Sorry, R. D., but the problems inherent tunity to get a foothold in Asia by push- In this day of grave decision, it ill- in defining marijuana as a narcotic will ing the US people backwards, surrepti- serves the welfare of America to engage be solved only 1) when the US Supreme tiously, into war? LBJ has broken faith in "cheap demagoguery" and epithet. Court holds such statutes to be uncon- with all who elected him as the President Calling this "Johnson's war" is engaging stitutional (on due process or cruel and who said he would not send American in epithet and demagoguery, nearly as unusual punishment grounds); or 2) men to fight an Asian war!. . • gross as that of President Johnson and when juries stop convicting; or 3) when district attorneys stop prosecuting; or Twice recently, the US flag has been his supporters when they seek to in- sinuate that those citizens who oppose 4) when the legislature changes the law; raised over Asian soil. Would we want or 5) when men of less clouded vision Asians to raise their flag over US soil their Vietnamese policy are somehow deficient in patriotism. On this, one is sit on our Court of Criminal Appeals, in and refuse to withdraw military forces? that order of probability. "What's Right with LBJ?" Very little in sure, Judge Garwood and this writer are in accord. This may take years, and in the mean- comparison with what is wrong, namely, time thousands of people will be arrest- his inability, or refusal, to be big enough "Where there is no vision, the people perish," according to Proverbs 28. It ed ( the arrest rate for "narcotics" viola- to understand that archaic war is not an tion has gone up over 300% since 1960), instrument of diplomacy befitting a great might be said, too, where there is no dialogue, a free society perishes. For paranoia will spread, and many other- power in the nuclear age. Many US citi- wise fine people will be branded crim- zens are ashamed of US war in Asia; that reason I warmly support Fagan Dick- son's candidacy for Congress in our Con- inals and felons by this society. Doran Williams, executive director, 16 The Texas Observer gressional district. He has opened a meaningful dialogue there. Texas Civil Liberties Union, 3007 N. La- mar, suite 203, Austin, Tex. 78705. John Henry Faulk, 2007 Paramount Ave., Austin, Tex. 78704. Too Much Halo-Polishing Marijuana ... I feel that what criticisms you do make would carry more weight if you In answer to R. D.'s query [Ohs., Feb. were a little more objective in your eval- 16] as to the constitutional rights of uation of those who migh tsupport or marijuana smokers, we already have gone benefit [liberals]. You have done admir- to court in defense of those rights; "we" ably well (so far as I know the facts) being the Texas Civil Liberties Union. in your pointing to flaws in some corners ACLU attorney Maury Maverick filed an of the liberal ranks. But when you try to amicus curiae brief last June with the put too much polish on a politician's halo, Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in a anyone who knows his weaknesses auto- possession case arising in Dallas. In that matically discredits any facts you try to brief he argued that the 25-year sen- present against someone they have al- tence given the defendant for possession of marijuana was cruel, harsh, and un- ready been led to accept at face value. usual punishment in violation of the I would not want you to yank the rug Eighth Amendment. out from under any of the few liberal- Mr. Maverick attacked the search war- minded politicians we have in office. But rant and the validity of the indictment let's be honest, a good 99% or more of on the grounds that they describe mari- them are still fence-straddling politicians juana as a narcotic, "something which .... I can see why you prefer to see cer- as a matter of enlightened medicine, is tain men elected or reelected. God help simply not true." He quoted from a num- us if those few are defeated. But when ber of authoritative sources in support you put more stress on their selling of his argument, including the American points with what I consider a sometimes Health Association, The Miltiary Sur- omitted objectivity—you lose your chance geon, The Addict and The Law, the Medi- of convincing the very part of the voters cal Society of the County of New York, who need to be added to the liberal fold. the La Guardia Report, and the 1963 J. E. Bourland, Quintana Roo 530, Mor- White House Conference on Narcotics elia, Michoacan, Mexico.