Tyler / Smith The County VOTER Forum for Local Candidates Set for April 11 Monday April 11, 7 pm FORUM: Candidates Meet Your Local Candidates! while those vying to for Tyler City Council represent city coun- and TISD Trustees April– The following are the candidates run- cil District 6-South, Tyler Public Library May 2016 ning in contested local races, and each compete for votes 201 South College has been invited to present their points of just within their single-member dis- League of view about issues important to them, an- Roy Maynard trict. Women swer questions posed by panelists and Women Incumbent Darryl Bowdre, minister of Voters meet Smith County voters at the April 11th forum. the South Central Church of Christ, who has Mission served as city council member for District 2- Three candidates for Mayor of Tyler: West since his election in 2012, will run un- The League • (Incumbent) opposed for re-election. of Women • Joel Rando Also unopposed for re-election is in- Andie Rathbone Voters is a • Michael Williams nonpartisan cumbent Don Warren, an oil and gas profes- Two Candidates for City Council District 6: organization sional and owner of Lomoco, Inc., a small oil • John Nix (Incumbent) and gas asset management firm that he that works to • promote Clark C. Hampe formed in 1994. political Two candidates for Tyler Independent Moderator is Janice Caldwell, Lindale HS responsibility School District School Board, District 6: debate coach and TJC adjunct professor. Pan- Jeff Williams through • Rev. Fritz Hager elists are Tyler Morning Telegraph ’s Roy May- informed • Marc Loredo nard, LWV President Andie Rathbone, and participation Tyler City Council elections are held in local businessman Jeff Williams. The modera- of all citizens May of each year. In even-numbered years tor will take questions from the audience, as in their such as 2016, the elections for Mayor and selected by a League screening panel. government. even numbered Council Districts 2, 4, and 6 Don’t miss this opportunity to learn are held, with odd-numbered district elec- more about those seeking to serve in mu- The League Janice Caldwell does not tions being elected in odd-numbered years. nicipal and school offices . Moderator Candidates running for Mayor com- support or See page 6 Candidate Qualifications & page 7 Election Calendar oppose any pete in an at-large city-wide election, political party Saturday or any 63rd LWV Annual Meeting May 14 to be at El candidate. It Charro on the Ridge —Karena Love, Organization VP May 14 publishes 11 am—2 pm factual aturday, May 14 League members have a Lunch: Atten- El Charro on the information wonderful opportunity for fellowship, good dees will order Ridge to help SSS food, and atmosphere, as we meet to con- from the menu 6899 Oak Hill Blvd. prepare sider and approve plans for the next upcoming and receive Near Fresh citizens to League year. individual tick- cast informed This year’s annual meeting will take place at El ets with a 15% gratuity added. Please RSVP so that votes. Charro on the Ridge at 6899 Oak Hill Blvd. near Fresh there is adequate seating. The League at 11 a.m. We hope to see you there! Please arrive promptly at 11 am so that you can does take Business Meeting: order your lunch before the meeting. • action on Elect a Board of Directors for 2016-2018 (see page See pages 4) selected 4-5 of this • Adopt an operating budget for fiscal year 2017 governmental PLEASE RSVP to: VOTER for (see p. 5) issues that [email protected] information relating • Vote on retention of current positions on local members or phone 903-780 5896 to the May 14 annual issues: Public Library Services and Single Member have studied. business meeting: Districts. slate and proposed budgets 1 The Tyler VOTER

President’s Podium: Busy Spring Election Season for Our League LWV-Tyler It's hard to realize that I've been president of Yolanda Prince addressed the Diversity the League for almost a year. It's been challenging, youthful audience about the im- Policy

satisfying and also a lot of fun. I'm looking forward portance of voting and how to The League of to working with the board on our activities in the register. Toni Ferrell, Karena Love Women Voters of coming year. and I distributed voting and Tyler/Smith We've been busy since you received the last membership information. County, in both its values and VOTER. VP-Voters Service Toni Ferrell registered Lastly, I attended the LWV-TX State convention practices, affirms 45 students at TJC in January and also organized a on March 11 - 13 in . It was great to get to its belief and successful candidate forum in February that was meet League members from all over the state and commitment to attended by over 100 people. The Great Decisions to exchange ideas on how to make our Leagues diversity and lecture series was especially topical this year and better. You can read my report on the convention pluralism, which means that there each session was attended by 70-90 people, Many below. shall be no barriers of us enjoyed going to lunch afterwards with the We have a local elections candidate forum to participation in speakers and continuing the discussions of the coming up on Monday, April 11 and our annual any activity of the topics covered. meeting will be held on Saturday, May 14. I hope LWV-Tyler on the This month we were honored to be invited by you all will be able to attend. We need your help basis of gender, race, creed, age, . the Delta Sigma sorority to participate in the Unity and ideas to make LWV-TSC a better League sexual orientation, TSC Sees in the Community event. Membership chair Andie national origin, or disability.

Report on the LWV- Convention The LWV-Tyler/ • Smith County This year 96 members of Other work will be that of For the LWV-Texas President to recognizes that recognized Leagues from all over the state increasing membership and inves- send a letter to the Speaker of diverse by LWVUS gathered the weekend of March tigating eliminating TEF and mak- the Texas House of Representa- perspectives are 11-13 in Houston for the state ing the entire League a 501(c)3 tives to have the state legisla- important and convention. The convention was organization. ture investigate the state's day- necessary for attended by President Andie Additionally, in the plenary care designation for family de- responsible and representative Rathbone, VP-Organization Karena session the delegates present tention centers in Texas. decision making. Love, VP-Community Service Kristi voted and passed the following: Your League's delegates also LWV-Tyler/Smith Roberts and Directors Elaine Wells • For the state organization to got to meet with other Leagues in Countysubscribes and Mary Lu French. restudy their position on re- workshops and small groups to to the belief that The Convention approved the districting to consider the ac- talk about membership, fund rais- diversity and LWV-TX 2016-17 Program that will ceptance of an Independent ing, and social media strategies. pluralism are fundamental to the concentrate on Voters Service spe- Citizens Redistricting Commis- values it upholds cifically: sion. and that this • Increasing voter turnout in • For the LWV-Texas President inclusiveness Texas by 5% over 2012 to send a letter to the Speaker enhances the • Work to end voting restrictions of the Texas House of Repre- organization's • Voter ID sentatives to have the state ability to respond more effectively to • Restore section 5 of the Voting legislature repeal the bill that changing Standing: Kristi Roberts, Andie Rights Act stripped local control from conditions and Rathbone. Seated: Mary Lu French, • Work to pass on-line voting in municipalities (e.g. Denton no- needs. Elaine Wells, Karena Love the state legislature fracking law). LWV-Tyler/Smith County affirms its LWV-Texas 2016 commitment to Convention reflecting the diversity of The five delegates who Americans in its represented LWV-TSC at the LWV- board and Andie Rathbone Kristi Roberts Karena Love Mary Lu French Elaine Wells programs. Texas Convention March 11-13 in President Community Organization VP VOTE411 Voter Registration Houston Relations VP

2 The Tyler VOTER

Organization —Karena Love VP Community Relations —Kristi Roberts VP Board Forms Ad Hoc Committee on Fund Raising Strategies

Add these new members & changes to your At its March meeting, faced with declining member handbook: community donations, the LWV-TSC board ap- pointed an ad hoc committee to develop strate- Marilyn and Dennis Wills 1411 Everglades Drive gies for fund raising—including grant sources, Tyler TX 75703 pass-through funds from LWV-Texas and 903 630-1033 LWVUS, events, direct mail campaigns, and other avenues. [email protected] The majority of financial support comes from the League’s members. In recent years there have been fewer pass-through Contact changes: Marjorie Walle opportunities and community funding support is at an all-time 4087 Hogan Drive #1314 Marilyn Wills low. Donors for this fiscal year are listed on page 5. Tyler, TX 75709 Most at risk are the League’s citizen education projects Phone and email the same: 217-414-4431 such as providing the LWV-TEF Voters Guide to voters and [email protected] maintaining a presence on the web and by telephone.

Carol Reynolds If you are interested in serving on the fund raising strategy 4250 Old Omen Rd. #4030 committee, please contact Kristi Roberts, Community Relations Tyler, TX 75707 Vice President. 903 630-1536 Members always are welcome to Email and cell the same: MEMBERS: [email protected] 254-718-6414 attend meetings of the LWV Board of Direc- Chester Vaughn tors. During 2016 meetings are the 2nd Tuesdays at 5:30 pm 2650 Elkton Trail at Roberts & Roberts Attorneys—118 West 4th Tyler, TX 75701 [email protected] To Join the League:

Toni Ferrell The League of Women Voters is where hands-on work to safeguard New Home phone: 903 630-1406 democracy leads to civic improvement. Join LWV, where leaders are Kristi & Bruce Roberts actively engaged in effecting change at the local, state, and national New Email: [email protected] levels. Charlotte Clarke Send check to: P.O. Box 6271 351 Lakeside Lane, Apt 204 Houston TX 77058 Tyler, TX 75711 Barbara Brandon $60 Individual 18116 Lakeside Lane, Houston TX 77058 $90 Two in same Household $25 Student Member Dues Reminder—Spring & Summer 2016 March July Barbara Smith Dee Brock April Mary Decker Overdue Sue Barham/Steve Lander Linda Resnik February Brenda McWilliams/Louann Smoot Scherel Carver Rubye Kendrick Margie Victor Toni Ferrell David & Akemi Henderson Roy Stanley August Mary Elizabeth Jackson Samantha Jewell Louise & Joseph Ornelas May Daye Collins Beverly Sheveland & Lynn Sunshine Knowles Polly & Gerry Kuklewicz Snedecor June Yolanda Prince Carol Reynolds Barbara Bass Kristi & Bruce Roberts Connie Barnes John Sims

Mail to PO Box 6271, Tyler TX 75711 Thanks for your prompt response 3 The Tyler VOTER

Report of the Nominating Committee 2015-16 Nominating Chair Sue Barham

Nominated for 2016-2018 The 2016 nomi- nating committee submits OFFICERS the slate of nominees at left Voters Service VP (2016-2018) Mary Lu French to serve on the 2016-2018 LWV-Tyler/Smith County Board of Directors. At the Organization VP (2016-2018)—Karena Love appropriate time in the Order of Business, any voting member of the League also may nominate a mem- Mary Lu French Program VP (2016-2018) Vacant ber for any open position, provided the consent of the nominee has Karena Love been secured in advance. Members Treasurer (2016-2018) Scherel Carver also may volunteer their own names for consideration.

DIRECTORS Did You Know? Typically a League Board is com- Scherel Carver Elaine Wells (2016-2018) prised of all elected officers and some elected and appointed direc- Dee Brock (2016-2018) tors. LWV-Tyler bylaws provide that the new board may appoint up to Elaine Wells Marilyn Wills (2016-2017)* five additional directors to serve *filling an unfinished term one-year terms. Three “off-board” members are elected each year to serve as the nominating committee Dee Brock in the year following their election, together with 2 members appointed by the board. A full contingent of elected and appointed officers, di- rectors and nominating committee Marilyn Wills members could total 20—almost half of the member households of Nominated for the 2016-2017 LWV-Tyler/Smith County. Nominating Committee: Chair (2016-17) Sue Barham What does a board member do? The board as a whole is responsible Member ((2016-17) Toni Ferrell for policy making, financial manage- Member (2016-17) Linda Sharp ment, member recruitment and involvement, and community rela- Submitted by 2015-16 Nominating Committee : tions. Board members attend regu- Sue Barham, Chair lar board meetings about ten times Karen Wilkerson a year. Elected members serve two- Kristi Roberts year terms. Karena Love Please remember to thank our members who have volunteered Returning Board Members Elected in 2015 & continuing through May 31, 2017 their time and talents to sustain Officers Directors the League’s work in Tyler and Community Relations VP Kristi Roberts Yolanda Prince (2015-2017) Smith County! (2015-17) Marjorie Walle (2015-2017) Secretary Mary Vernau (2015-2017)

4 The Tyler VOTER Members to Adopt Year’s Budget at Annual Meeting

INCOME-TSC INCOME-TEF Recommended Special Grant-Program #1 500.00 Restricted: Budgets Dues 3070.00 Voters Service State Voters Guide 1000.00 As approved in March Interest 1.00 VS - Debates, forums 200.00 by the board, this LWV Donations-General 4047.00 Commun Relatns Women’s Equality Day 700.00 -TSC budget will be Total INCOME 7618.00 Program Citizen Info Project Prog #2 500.00 adopted by members at Sub-Tot. Restricted –2400.00 0 annual meeting May 14. EXPENSES Donations-General 1773.00 Members do not vote Member National member dues 784.00 Total TEF Income 4173.00 on the LWV-TEF Dues State member dues 539.00 EXPENSES budget. The budgets Total Member Dues 1323.00 Member Dues National member dues 784.00 call for about $5800 in Annual Meeting 80.00 State member dues 539.00 general donations. National Convention 2016 00.00 Meetings, Total Member Dues 1323.00 Special Projects: State Lobby Day 800.00 Conventions Meetings TEF Workshops 200.00 • TSC special projects Workshops 100.00 Total Meetings 200.00 are based on potential Total Meetings, Convs. 980.00 Voters Debates, forums 100.00 pass-through grants Voters VOTE411 (Workshops, etc) 100.00 Service Debates, forum, voter regis 50.00 from LWVUS. State Voters Guides 1000.00 • TEF projects depend Total Voters Service 50.00 Total Voters Service 1200.00 upon local donations Advertising 100.00 Community Financial development 150.00 Community Publicity 25.00 and foundation grants Relations Women’s Equality-Project A 700.00 Relations Financial development 125.00 and are carried out Tot. Commun. Relations 850.00 Web site IPS fee 200.00 only if those are at- Program Program Project #2 500.00 Tot Commun Relatns 450.00 tained. Publications purchased 100.00 Program Action/Advocacy 200.00 Dues: Budgets pro-

Great Decisions 150.00 Total Program 600.00 posed by the budget Total TEF Expenses 4173.00 Library Services 100.00 committee and board Program-General 200.00 reflect no increase in Program-Handouts 50.00 dues amounts and are LWVUS Program Project #1 500.00 Budget Committee: Jerry Kuklewicz, Chair, Dee based on 51 mem- Total Program 1200.00 Brock, Karena Love, Yolanda Prince, Mary Claire bers. Local dues of Organization Print VOTER 350.00 Rowe $16, state dues of Mail VOTER 80.00 $22, and national Membership 150.00 dues of $32, for the Mail to members 50.00 total dues fee of $70. TOTAL Organization 630.00 Bank fee 20.00 Thanks to the following donors since June 1, 2015 Board tools, training 100.00 Liability Insurance 425.00 Sue Barham & Steve Lander David Hudson* PO Box, bulk permit 280.00 Dee Brock Sunshie Knowles Administra- Supplies, postage 200.00 tive Telephone 310.00 Scherel Carver Gerry & Polly Kuklewicz Total Administrative 1335.00 Geri Cohen* Andie Rathbone Total EXPENSES 5968.00 Daye Collins Kristi & Bruce Roberts To Reserves 1650.00 Jim & Anna Cousineau* Regina Roosth* Total OUTLAY 7618.00 Nancy Crawford* Doris Stanley Toni Ferrell Roy Stanley Casey Fischer* John Trube* Mary Lu French Margie Victor Betty Groepper Elaine Wells Judith Guthrie* Karen Wilkerson Katheryn Hetherly Marilyn Wills Judy Holmes-Gannon *Non-LWV-Member

5 The Tyler VOTER Public Policy & Program News — Dee Brock, Program VP State & National Policy Issues Studied Guide to Finding More Dee Brock, Program VP Information Regarding Through the 2015-2016 In addition, LWV-TSC held two Program Voting, Elections, Policy Dee Brock, Program VP season, LWV-TSC Board planning meeting to explore possible new Check out the website below for voted to maintain the same positions the topics at each governmental level next year. information on voting, elections, organization has adopted for several years After deliberation at both meetings, we legislation, and voting records: on the following topics. These positions are chose to recommend that current positions • League of Women Voters of explained in the Member Handbook deliv- remain in place, but we did not propose any Texas – information on the ered to all members each year. new studies for 2016. League’s statewide priorities. • Meeting Basic Human Needs LWV-TSC is deeply interested in the cur- • League of Women Voters of the • Election of School Board Trustees rent political campaigns and urges members United States – information on • Public Library Services to read resource materials outlined on page the League’s federal priorities. During this same period, LWVUS pro- six of the January Tyler/Smith County Voter . • posed that members study the way the U. Among the several good sources of informa- Texas Secretary of State, Elec- S. Constitution can be amended to meet tion suggested, we urge you to check out tions Division – past/future new needs and a restudy of Money in Poli- Options for Reform ( http://forum.lwv.org/ elections, candidates, and vot- tics. New positions should evolve from memberresources/article/options- ing. these studies. LWV-Texas, based on mem- reforming-money-politics). This article is • VoteTexas.gov – by the Texas ber study and consensus, proposed a new especially interesting to those who are dis- Secretary of State. turbed or distrustful of current campaign position on governance of Payday and Auto • procedures. Project Vote Smart – a direc- Loan organizations. tory of elected officials, with LWV-TSC members studied these three Since Program VP Dee Brock was ill from October through March, she was not voting records and recent new proposals individually through docu- statements. ments available via email and libraries, as able to take the active role in these meet- • well as through discussion sessions led by ings that she would have liked to do. Presi- Texas Legislature Online – the experts for each topic. Also, our League en- dent Andie Rathbone and Treasurer Scherel go-to site for bills, members, gaged in meetings that led to consensus Carver managed these meetings hand- and news about the TX Legisla- reports for each proposal., evaluated along somely, and Dee wishes to thank them for ture. with consensus reports from other Leagues. their outstanding work on Program meet- The LWV-TX and LWVUS boards will decide ings and reports.

whether members reached agreement.

Qualifications of Council Can- Qualifications & Eligibility of Tyler ISD Trustees didates and Council Members To be eligible to be a candidate for, or elected or appointed Each Council candidate and Council- to, the office of Board member, a person must: member shall, in addition to the 1. Be a United States citizen. other qualifications prescribed by law at the time 2. Be 18 years of age or older on the first day of the term to be filled at the of election election or on the date of appointment, as applicable. • Be a qualified voter in the City 3. Have not been determined by a final judgment of a court exercising probate • Not be in arrears in the payment of taxes or jurisdiction to be: any other liabilities to said City a. Totally mentally incapacitated and the person’s mental capacity has not • Be a resident of the district from which elec- subsequently been completely restored by a final judgment of a court tion is sought for at least six months prior to exercising probate jurisdiction; or the election b. Partially mentally incapacitated without the right to vote and the per- • Continue to reside in that district while rep- son’s guardianship has not been modified to include the right to vote resenting it or the person’s mental capacity has not been completely restored by a The Mayor and Council members serve two-year subsequent final judgment of a court exercising probate jurisdiction. 4. Have not been finally convicted of a felony from which the person has not terms, with a term limit of three consecutive been pardoned or otherwise released from the resulting disabilities. terms. They are not paid for their service to the citizens of Tyler.

6 The Tyler VOTER Voters Service News—Voters Service VP Toni Ferrell U.S. Naturalization Calendar for May 7, 2016 Voters Ceremonies Set for Local Elections: Guide April 6 April 6 Cities and School Boards Reaches 600 A US Naturali- 11 a.m. April 7 —Last Day to Register to Vote April 26 —Last day to apply zation Ceremony is US District For more than 95 years, helping for a ballot by mail scheduled for Courthouse voters cast an informed vote when 11:00 a.m. on April 25-May 3 —Early Vot- they go to the polls has been the pri- Wednesday, April 6 in the ceremo- ing mary goal of the League of Women nial courtroom of the United States April 30 —Last Day to Apply Voters. As an organization that en- District Courthouse in Tyler, pre- for Ballot by Mail courages informed and active partici- sided over by the Honorable Robert May 7 —Last Day Ballot by Mail May Be pation in government, the League W. Schroeder III. Received (not postmarked) believes that all of us are stakeholders As the League of Women Voters in Making Democracy Work®. of Tyler/Smith County has done for Calendar for May 24, 2016 Thanks to the efforts of Tyler many years, LWV members who are League president Andrea Rathbone volunteer deputy voter registrars Primary Run-off Election: and voter services VP Toni Ferrell, 600 will be among the families and April 25 —Last Day to Register to Vote printed copies of the Voters Guide friends in attendance, not only to May 13 —Last day to apply for a ballot listing candidates and their answers to congratulate and welcome the newly questions posed by the League of -sworn citizens, but to enable each by mail Women Voters of Texas Education of them in their civic participation May 16-May 20 —Early Voting Fund, were successfully distributed efforts by registering them as voters. The Hub—304 East Ferguson Street across Smith County prior to the The League is one of the na- Monday-Friday, 8 am — 5 pm March 1, 2016, primary election races. tion’s largest and most longstanding May 24 —Last Day Ballot by Mail May Be English language copies of this valu- community-based voter registration Received (not postmarked) able voting resource were provided at groups. League volunteers help hun- May 24 —Election Day no cost at the: dreds of thousands register or up- • Smith County Elections Administra- date their registration tion Office; each election year. TJC Campus Site of Winter Voter Registration • Tyler Public Library; • Tyler Junior College Vaughn Library; To Participate in the • Voters Service VP Toni Ferrell was UT-Tyler’s Robert R. Muntz Library; April 8 Ceremony: • Lillie Russell Memorial Library, Lin- Contact Toni Ferrell joined by long-time TJC faculty member Joan Steele Bruckwicki , in the Apache dale; [email protected] • Whitehouse Community Library; Or 903 630-1406 (h) 747-0579 (cell) Rooms of the Tyler Junior College campus, on January 27, where the two successfully and • assisted approximately 45 students with Bullard Community Library Your Elected Officials Brochure their Smith County voter registration. An Spanish language copies were Available This Summer equal number of applications were distrib- distributed at the St. Paul Children's Foundation facilities, the His- The last publication by uted to students having permanent resi- dences outside of Smith County. panic American Association of East LWV-Tyler/Smith County Texas and area merchants. of the “Your Elected Offi- The League’s Voters Guide is cials” (YEO) brochure funded and published by the League was in 2013, subse- April 11, 7 pm of Women Voters of Texas Education quent to the November LWV Forum for Tyler City Council Fund. Neither the League of Women elections. Your Elected Officials bro- and TISD Trustee Candidates Voters nor the Education Fund sup- chure includes complete contact in- Tyler Public Library ports or opposes any political party or formation on all current office hold- 201 South College candidate. ers at local, state, and national levels.

7 LWV Tyler/Smith Non-Profit Org. County U.S. Postage P. O. Box 6271 PAID Tyler, Texas 75711 Permit No. 1143 Tyler, TX Board of Directors Return Service Andie Rathbone Requested President Kristi C. Roberts Community Rel. VP Karena Love Organization VP Toni Ferrell Voters Service VP Dee Brock Program VP Mary Vernau Secretary Scherel Carver Treasurer Yolanda Prince Membership Mary Lu French VOTE411 Marjorie Walle Publicity Elaine Wells Voter Registration

Editor: Scherel Carver In This Issue: Annual Meeting Business Included, pages 4—5 2015 LWV-TSC Inside this issue: Forum for Local Candidates April 11 1 Please Join Us! Annual Meeting Set for Saturday May 14 1 Wednesday, April 6, 11 am President’s Podium 2 US Naturalization ceremony 2 US Federal Building Report on State Convention—Study of Redistricting Adopted Add These Member Contacts to Your Member Directory 3 Monday, April 11 ,7 pm 3 Local Candidate Forum Community Relations VP Sets Ad Hoc Fund Raising Committee Tyler Public Library, 201 South College To Join the League 3 3 Tuesday April 12, 5:30 pm —LWV Board of Directors Dues Reminders

April 25—May 2 Early Voting-Local Election Slate of Nominees for 2016-17 Board of Directors 4 4 Saturday May 7—Local Elections Report of the 2016 Nominating Committee Proposed 2016-2017 Budgets 5 Tuesday May 10, 5:30 pm —LWV Board of Directors Thanks to FY2016 Donors to LWV-TSC and LWV-TEF 5 Saturday May 24—Primary Runoff Elections State and National Policy Issues Studied by Members 6

Saturday, May 14, 11am—2 pm Guide to Web Information on Elections and Policy 6 LWV-TSC Annual Meeting Qualifications for Tyler City Council and Tyler ISD Trustees 6 El Charro on the Ridge— US Naturalization Ceremony Wednesday, April 6 7 6899 Oak Hill Blvd—Near Fresh Primary Voters Guide Reached 600 Voters 7 Friday, August 26 Calendars for May 7 Local Elections & May 24 Primary Runoff Election 7 Women’s Equality Day Your Elected Officials: May 2016 Available This Summer 7 Members are welcome to attend meetings of the LWV Board of Directors, 2nd Tuesdays at 5:30 pm — Roberts & Roberts, 118 West 4th