The Causes of Interstate Dispute Escalation
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Repository. Research Institute University UR P 20 European Institute. Cadmus, % European University Institute, Florence on University Access European EUI Working Paper SPS No. 94/16 Open Another Revolution The PDS inItaly’s Transition SOCIALSCIENCES WORKING IN POLITICALIN AND PAPERS EUI Author(s). Available M artin 1989-1994 The 2020. © in J. B ull Manqué Library EUI ? ? the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, on University Access European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE Cadmus, DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND AND DEPARTMENTSOCIAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCES on BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) University Access EUI EUI Working Paper SPS No. 94/16 The PDS in Italy’s Transition Departmentof Politics A Contemporary History Another Revolution European Open Department ofPolitical and Social Sciences European University Institute (1992-93) rodEuropean Studies Research Institute M Universityof Salford Author(s). Available artin 1989-1994 The and 2020. © J. J. in bull M anquil Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Cadmus, on University Access No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form European Open Printed in Italy in December 1994 without permission of the author. I I - 50016 San Domenico (FI) European University Institute Author(s). Available The All rights reserved. 2020. © © Martin J. Bull Badia Fiesolana in Italy Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European paper will appear in a book edited by Stephen Gundle and Simon Parker, published by Routledge, and which will focus on the changes which Italianpolitics underwent in the period during the author’s period as a Visiting Fellow in the Department of Political and Social Sciences at the European University Institute, Florence. -
Challenger Party List
Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against -
Direct Parliamentarianism: an Analysis of the Political Values Embedded in Rousseau, the ‘Operating System’ of the Five Star Movement
JeDEM 9(2): 47-67, 2017 ISSN 2075-9517 http://www.jedem.org Direct Parliamentarianism: An Analysis of the Political Values Embedded in Rousseau, the ‘Operating System’ of the Five Star Movement Marco Deseriis Marie Curie Fellow, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, Firenze, Italy, [email protected] Abstract: This article focuses on the technological affordances and use of Rousseau, the decision-making platform of the second largest Italian political party, the Five Star Movement. Crossing an empirical observation of the platform’s functionalities with data regarding its use and qualitative data collected during the 2016 and 2017 national meetings of the Five Star Movement, the essay argues that Rousseau supports an emerging “direct parliamentarianism,” which allows party members to entertain an ostensibly direct relationship with the party in public office, at the expense, however, of deliberative processes that may allow them to influence the party agenda. Thus Rousseau leaves the deliberative, and strictly parliamentary moment in the hands of elected representatives and party leaders, leaving to the party base the task of choosing between options that have been defined elsewhere. Keywords: Five Star Movement; Rousseau; decision-making platform; direct democracy; direct parliamentarianism; crowdsourced lawmaking. Acknowledgment: Research for this article was funded by a Marie Curie Individual Fellowship grant under the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015 grant agreement no. 7101513). The author would like to thank Lorenzo Mosca for his useful comments. 1. Introduction With over 140,000 registered users as of August 2017 (Casaleggio 2017), Rousseau is one of the world’s largest online platforms for political participation and collaborative law-making.1 Owned 1Rousseau can be accessed at https://rousseau.movimento5stelle.it. -
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TRANS-ATLANTIC-2019/02/07 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION FALK AUDITORIUM ITALY, EUROPE, AND THE FUTURE OF TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONS Washington, D.C. Thursday, February 7, 2019 PARTICIPANTS: Introduction: JOHN R. ALLEN President The Brookings Institution Keynote Remarks: PAOLO GENTILONI Distinguished Fellow, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution Moderator: THOMAS WRIGHT Senior Fellow and Director, Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 TRANS-ATLANTIC-2019/02/07 2 P R O C E E D I N G S GENERAL ALLEN: Ladies and gentlemen, welcome, and good morning. Wonderful to have you at the Brookings Institution this morning. My name is John Allen, I'm the president of the Institution and I have the honor today of introducing an event, which is sponsored by the Alan and Jane Batkin International Leaders Forum and the Robert Bosch Foundation, and we are deeply grateful for their continued support of the work that we do here today. We have the pleasure of being joined by a number of distinguished guests who will be joining for the entire event. But in particular we're very honored to have the former prime minister of Italy, Paolo Gentiloni, joining us this morning. And seated in the front row with him, and a very warm welcome to the Italian Ambassador Armando Varricchio and his wife, Micaela, and also the wife of Prime Minister Gentiloni, Emanuela. As well, Ambassador Schuwer is here this morning from the Netherlands. -
Italian Politics in an Era of Recession : the End of Bipolarism? Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G
Italian politics in an era of recession : the end of bipolarism? Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2018.1436493 Title Italian politics in an era of recession : the end of bipolarism? Authors Bull, MJ and Pasquino, G Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/46758/ Published Date 2018 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. Italian Politics in an Era of Recession: the end of Bipolarism? Martin Bull and Gianfranco Pasquino Italian politics have undergone momentous change in the 2007-2017 decade under the impact of the eurozone crisis, whose peak in 2011-2013 could be equated to the earlier watershed years of 1992-1994. The lasting impact of the upheaval in Italian politics in the early 1990s could still be felt in the decade of economic recession, but there were also new challenges prompted by a crisis that had its roots in international financial contagion and unravelling under the shadow of both recession and austerity. The changes were of an economic, social, cultural, institutional, policy-oriented and political nature. If one central quintessentially political theme stands out by the end of this decade it is the apparent exhaustion of the quest for bipolarisation that was initiated in the early 1990s. -
The Original Documents Are Located in Box 16, Folder “6/3/75 - Rome” of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 16, folder “6/3/75 - Rome” of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 16 of the Sheila Weidenfeld Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library 792 F TO C TATE WA HOC 1233 1 °"'I:::: N ,, I 0 II N ' I . ... ROME 7 480 PA S Ml TE HOUSE l'O, MS • · !? ENFELD E. • lt6~2: AO • E ~4SSIFY 11111~ TA, : ~ IP CFO D, GERALD R~) SJ 1 C I P E 10 NTIA~ VISIT REF& BRU SE 4532 UI INAl.E PAL.ACE U I A PA' ACE, TME FFtCIA~ RESIDENCE OF THE PR!S%D~NT !TA y, T ND 0 1 TH HIGHEST OF THE SEVEN HtL.~S OF ~OME, A CTENT OMA TtM , TH TEMPLES OF QUIRl US AND TME s E E ~oc T 0 ON THIS SITE. I THE CE TER OF THE PR!SENT QU?RINA~ IAZZA OR QUARE A~E ROMAN STATUES OF C~STOR .... -
Populism and Institutional Design: Methods of Selecting Candidates for Chief Executive
40675-nyu_93-4 Sheet No. 34 Side A 10/16/2018 09:18:32 \\jciprod01\productn\N\NYU\93-4\NYU403.txt unknown Seq: 1 16-OCT-18 8:59 POPULISM AND INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN: METHODS OF SELECTING CANDIDATES FOR CHIEF EXECUTIVE STEPHEN GARDBAUM† & RICHARD H. PILDES‡ The institutional design through which democracies choose nominees who compete to become a nation’s chief executive is among the most consequential features in the design of democratic elections. Yet there is surprisingly little scholarship that explores this issue in detail. This Article provides both historical perspective on the evolution over time of the nomination process in the United States and comparative perspective on how other major democracies structure this process. The central organizing theme of this piece is the contrast between nomination processes that entail a central role for “peer review”—in which party leaders have a central voice in the selection of their parties’ nominees—and purely populist selection methods, in which ordinary voters completely control the selection of nominees and party figures have no special role. The first half of the Article is historical and focuses on the United States. In the 1970s, the United States shifted almost overnight from the methods that had been used for nearly 200 years to select party nominees, in which official representatives of the political parties played the major role in deciding the parties’ candidates for President, to a purely populist mode (primaries and caucuses) for selecting presi- dential nominees. The consequences of this dramatic transformation have mani- fested themselves in recent presidential nomination contests. -
The Italian Democratic Party at Polls, 2007 and 2009
Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (S.I.S.P.) Università I.U.A.V. di Venezia 16-18 settembre 2010 Choosing the Leader The Italian Democratic Party at Polls, 2007 and 2009 Antonella Seddone and Fulvio Venturino (Università di Cagliari) Abstract. Scholars often consider primary elections damaging for parties because of the social and political distinctiveness of the selectorate, usually choosing candidates unpalatable for the median voter in general elections. Primaries „divisiveness‟ could also demobilize activists and supporters by exhibiting internal divisions among party leaders. These problems have been usually addressed correlating selectorate distinct- iveness and primaries divisiveness with candidates performances in the following gen- eral elections. In this paper we deal with the consequences of the leader selections organized by the Italian Democratic Party (DP) in 2007 and 2009 through two open primary elections. To this aim, the paper is organized in four parts. First, we present a short depiction of the rules, candidates, and results of the two elections. Second, we use individual-level data to contrast voters‟ sociographic characteristics in the two primaries and in the 2008 general elections. Third, we use the same data to compare voters‟ political char- acteristics. Fourth, we exploit again survey data referred to primary elections to con- trast attitudes of the winners‟ and losers‟ supporters. We discover that participants are not demobilized by the primary result. They are self- located on extreme leftist positions and could select an unelectable candidate. Never- theless, primaries activate highly sophisticated but independent „apartisan‟ voters who may overcome this problem. Per comunicazioni: [email protected] Section 4. -
Challenges of Political Participation and Intra-Party Democracy
Challenges of Political Participation and Intra-Party Democracy: Bittersweet Symphony from Party Membership and Primary Elections in Italy Abstract In this paper we explore the impact of intra-party democratization processes on party membership. We analyze the opinions and attitudes of enrolled members on intra-party democracy instruments and on the use of open primaries. We investigate, with original datasets on Italy, the relationship between primaries and party members. How do enrolled members perceive internal democratization and primaries? Which factors contribute to explaining grassroots members’ opinion on primaries? We use the case of the Italian Democratic Party (PD) to argue that different subsets of the party membership (divided into new-style and old- style members, on the basis of their relationship with the party and their participatory style) have different views on primaries. Quantitative analysis of survey data on party members reveals two main findings. Our first result is that members approve and positively assess the adoption of new procedures of intra-party democracy. Secondly, membership style matters: old- style members react to the adoption of primary elections differently than new-style members. Indeed, old-style members understand primaries as a renovated chance of participating in the party’s activities, whereas for new-style members primaries give the opportunity for a new mode of participation. Our findings contribute to the existing empirical research on intra-party democracy and party membership and have important implications for the triangular link between parties, members and primaries. Keywords: political parties; party members; primary elections, intra-party democracy Word Count: 8930 (text, references and tables – not counting abstract &appendix) 1. -
EUI WORKING PAPERS Access European Open Author(S)
Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE Cadmus, EUI WORKING PAPERS on University the Study of Party System Consolidation Access A Measure and Its Implications for Regional Bases of Party Politics: European Open G RobertSchuman Centre in in New Democracies r ig o r ii E d w a r d RSC No. 99/25 Author(s). Available V . G The and 2020. © P in o n a r in o lo s o v Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European European University Institute Institute. 3 3 0001 0038 5311 8 Cadmus, on University Access European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. Golosov/Ponarin: Cadmus, on University EUI Working Paper RSC No. 99/25 Access European Open in New Democracies A Measure and Its Implications for the Study of Party System ConsolidationRegional Bases of Party Politics: Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by «X Wp produced 0209 version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. The Robert Schuman Centre was set byup the High Council ofthe EUI in researchers. specializedthe supports and Institute workingoforganized groups the by the departments four closethe with relation in worksCentre the projects, research publicintegration and policy European WhileEurope. in developing own its 1993 outto carry disciplinary and interdisciplinary research in the areas of Cadmus, on University Access European Open Author(s). Available The 2020. © in Library EUI the by produced version Digitised Repository. Research Institute University European Institute. EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE Cadmus, Party System Consolidation Newin Democracies A A Measure and Its Implications for the Study of BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) on University EUI Working Paper RSC No. -
Journals from J to Z
[jw] H-Diplo JOURNAL WATCH, A to I H-Diplo Journal and Periodical Review www.h-net.org/~diplo/journals/ Fourth Quarter 2013 16 October 2013 Compiled by Lubna Qureshi, Stockholm University The Journal of African History, Vol. 54, Issue 2 (July 2013) http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?decade=2010&jid=AFH&volumeId=54 &issueId=02&iid=8961482 • Judith Spicksley, “Pawns on the Gold Coast: The Rise of Asante and Shifts in Security for Debt, 1680-1750,” 147. • Christopher Vaughan, “Violence and Regulation in the Darfur-Chad Borderland, c. 1909-56: Policing a Colonial Boundary, 177. • Matthew V. Bender, “Being ‘Chagga’: Natural Resources, Political Activism, and Identity on Kilimanjaro,” 199. • Paul Darby, “’Let Us Rally Around the Flag’: Football, Nation-Building, and Pan- Africanism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Ghana,” 221. • Leslie Hadfield, “Challenging the Status Quo: Young Women and Men in Black Consciousness Community Work, 1970s South Africa,” 247. • Wyatt MacGaffey, “A Note on Vansina’s Invention of Matrilinearity,” 269. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Journal of American-East Asian Relations, Vol. 20, Issue 1 (2013) http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/18765610/20/1 Copyright © 2013 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for non-profit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author(s), web location, date of publication, H-Diplo, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses, contact the H-Diplo editorial staff at h-diplo@h- net.msu.edu. H-Diplo Journal Watch [jw], A-I, Third Quarter 2013 • Guolin Yi, “The ‘Propaganda State’ and Sino-American Rapprochement: Preparing the Chinese Public for Nixon’s Visit,” 5. -
The State of the European Union Is Communication, Progress Research Programme and Observatory on Truly Special in 2020
ISBN 978-84-1216595-1 Fundación Alternativas Created in 1997 to serve as a channel for political, social and cul- www.fundacionalternativas.org tural research and advocacy in Spain and Europe, the Fundación Alternativas has become a vital forum for the exchange of ideas and policy development. The foundation addresses a broad range of is- Produced each year by two European foundations, the German Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung sues through its Laboratory, Observatory on Culture and and the Spanish Fundación Alternativas, the Report on the State of the European Union is Communication, Progress Research programme and Observatory on truly special in 2020. The EU had never experienced two major crises at the same time, Foreign Policy (OPEX), which focuses on foreign policy at both affecting both health and the economy, and certainly not of the magnitude unleashed by European and international arenas. the coronavirus pandemic. They come alongside another crisis, this time political, in the THE STATE OF THE The core objective of this organisation, which works hand in hand shape of Brexit, the first time that a Member State has decided to leave the European with the most innovative and forward-looking thinkers in Spanish so- Union. ciety today, has always been, and continues to be, rigorous analysis www.fes.de and the development of new ideas for today’s increasingly globalised The explosion of COVID-19 is unprecedented in the lifetime of the European project, or EUROPEAN UNION world. Through its programmes that focus on public policy issues from even, we might dare to venture, on the whole planet.