DOCSLIB.ORG

Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process Wendy Collins Perdue University of Richmond, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process Wendy Collins Perdue University of Richmond, Wperdue@Richmond.Edu University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Faculty Publications School of Law Winter 1992 Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process Wendy Collins Perdue University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications Part of the Legal History Commons, and the Property Law and Real Estate Commons Recommended Citation Wendy Collins Perdue, Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process, 18 Litigation 41 (1992). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Legal Lore Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process by Wendy Collins Perdue For students of civil procedure, the Oregon would be made available to names Pennoyer and Neff evoke these homesteaders. The speculation proved dry facts: In an initial suit, one J.H. to be correct, and Marcus Neff was one Mitchell sued Neff in Oregon state of the earliest settlers to claim land court. Because Neff could not be found under the Oregon Donation Act. within Oregon, he was served by pub­ To qualify for land under the lication. Neff never appeared, and a Donation Act, one had to be a citizen default judgment was entered against living in Oregon and submit a request him. To satisfy the judgment, Mitchell for land by December 1, 1850. Inter­ attached Neff's Oregon real estate. The estingly, Neff's land request was property was sold at auction, and originally dated December 15, 1850, Pennoyer later acquired it. Nearly a which would have made it too late, decade later, Neff returned to Oregon but "December" was crossed out and and brought suit in federal court to "September" written in. This is the evict Pennoyer from the land, claiming first of many instances suggesting that that the original judgment was invalid. events surrounding Pennoyer v. Neff The Supreme Court found for Neff in may have been tainted by fraud and an opinion that has become a corner­ deception. stone of personal jurisdiction doctrine. Not surprisingly, registration of a Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714 (1877). Donation Act claim required a certain Those familiar facts do not begin to amount of paperwork. In addition to tell the full story, which begins with a the initial claim, the homesteader was young man, Marcus Neff, heading required after four years to submit the across the country by covered wagon affidavits of two disinterested people train, presumably to seek his fortune. affirming that the homesteader had cul­ Neff left Iowa in early 1848 at the age tivated the land for his own use. Neff of 24, joining a wagon train of five secured two affidavits, which were companies of wagons. At that time, the submitted prematurely in 1853 and question of Oregon statehood was resubmitted in 1856. The 1856 submis­ being considered in Congress, and sion should have entitled Neff to there was much speculation that large receive a patent to the land, but the tracts of the vast, undeveloped land of government was notoriously slow in processing claims, and 10 years passed before Neff received his land patent. Ms. Perdue is associate professor of law at Early in 1862, Neff made the unfor­ Georgetown University Law Center. This article tunate decision to consult a local is adapted from Perdue, "Sin, Scandal, and Substantive Due Process; Personal Jurisdiction Portland attorney, J.H. Mitchell. and Pennoyer Reconsidered, " 62 Wash. L Rev. Establishing the facts about events in 479(1987). which Mitchell was involved is partic- Litigation Winter 1992 41 Volume 18 Number2 ularly difficult because, as one research Mitchell's ethical standards as a cution. Interestingly, although Mitchell librarian commented, "Mitchell was lawyer were no higher than his ethics had alleged that Neff could not be the kind of person who ended his cor­ as a politician. As the Oregonian found, the Oregon land office appar­ respondence with 'Bum this letter after observed in 1882: "His political meth­ ently had no difficulty delivering the reading."' Although the nature of the ods are indeed pitched on a sufficiently patent to Neff. legal services is unclear, Neff may have low scale but not below his methods as Under Oregon law, to secure execu­ consulted Mitchell in an attempt to a lawyer." Given Mitchell's reputation, tion, one had to obtain a writ of execu­ expedite the paperwork concerning his one might at least question whether tion and post and publish notice for land patent. Neff was illiterate, and at Neff in fact owed the money Mitchell four weeks. All the steps were appar­ the time he consulted Mitchell, the gov­ claimed was due. Neff paid Mitchell ently taken. On August 7, 1866, the ernment had still not issued his patent. $6.50, but Mitchell claimed he was property was sold at a sheriff's auction Mitchell, moreover, specialized in land owed an additional $209. Although for $341.60. Notably, the buyer was not matters. In mid-1862, several months Mitchell's services were rendered Sylvester Pennoyer, as the Supreme after Neff first consulted Mitchell, between early 1862 and mid-1863, Court opinion and commentators have another affidavit was filed on Neff's Mitchell waited several years to take implied. The property was purchased behalf. Several months thereafter, Neff legal action against Neff, perhaps pur­ by none other than J.H. Mitchell, who received a document from the govern­ posely waiting until Neff left the state. three days later assigned the property ment certifying that he had met the cri­ On November 3, 1865, Mitchell filed to Sylvester Pennoyer. teria for issuance of a patent. suit against Neff in Oregon state court, Pennoyer had much in common with Whatever Neff's reasons for seeking seeking $253.14 plus costs. Mitchell Mitchell. He, like Mitchell, was a Mitchell's legal services, he certainly secured jurisdiction under ·Oregon Portland lawyer, involved in politics could have done better in his choice of statute § 55, which provided that after (Mitchell was a Republican; Pennoyer lawyers. "J.H. Mitchell" was actually due diligence, if the defendant cannot was a Democrat) and active in real the Oregon alias of one John Hipple. be found within the state, he may be estate speculation. There is no evidence Hipple had been a teacher in Penn­ served by publication. Mitchell sup­ available on whether Pennoyer had sylvania, who, after being forced to plied an affidavit in which he asserted actual knowledge of or connection to marry the 15-year-old student whom he that Neff was living somewhere in the original action, though it is certainly had seduced, left teaching and took up California and could not be found. possible. Moreover, because he took law. He practiced with a partner for Mitchell provided no details as to what title through Mitchell, it is not clear that several years but apparently concluded he had done to locate Neff, and given he should have been treated as a true that it was time to move on to greener Mitchell's lack of scruples, one might innocent third-party purchaser. pastures. Thus, in 1860 Hipple headed wonder whether Neff's whereabouts It appears that for the next eight west, taking with him $4,000 of client were indeed unknown to Mitchell and years, Pennoyer peacefully minded his money and his then-current paramour, whether he had made any attempt to own business, doing those things one a local school teacher. They made their locate Neff. Notice of the lawsuit was would expect of any property owner: way to California, where Hipple aban­ published for six weeks in the Pacific He paid taxes, cut some timber, and doned the teacher, ostensibly because Christian Advocate, a weekly newspa­ sold a small portion of the land. The she was sick and her medical expenses per published under the authority of the peace was broken in 1874 when Neff had become too burdensome, and Methodist Episcopal Church and reappeared on the scene. moved on to Portland, Oregon. There, devoted primarily to religious news and The evidence suggests that Neff using the name John H. Mitchell, he inspirational articles. began making trouble for Pennoyer quickly established himself as a suc­ In initiating the litigation, Mitchell several months before he actually filed cessful lawyer, specializing in land liti­ made what ultimately proved to be a suit, because in July of 1874, Pennoyer gation and railroad right-of-way cases. crucial mistake. Mitchell's affidavit began taking steps to protect the valid­ He also remarried without bothering asserted that Neff owned property, but ity of his title. It seems that when the to divorce his first wife. As one his­ he did not attach the property at that property was originally sold at the sher­ torian has observed, Mitchell's success time. Mitchell most likely neglected iff's auction, local officials had been as a lawyer cannot be attributed to this step because Oregon law did not somewhat lax in the matter of title. The either intellectual or oratorical skills; appear to require attachment as a pre­ sheriff's deed was not signed until five rather, his strengths included excep­ requisite for reliance on § 55. months after the sale, and then it was tional political instincts, a generous A default in judgment in the amount signed by the deputy sheriff, not the disposition, and a friendly handshake. of $294.98 was entered against Neff on sheriff. In an apparent effort to ensure What he lacked in ethics and ability, he February 19, 1866.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Historical Perspective of Oregon's and Portland's Political and Social
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 3-14-1997 An Historical Perspective of Oregon's and Portland's Political and Social Atmosphere in Relation to the Legal Justice System as it Pertained to Minorities: With Specific Reference to State Laws, City Ordinances, and Arrest and Court Records During the Period -- 1840-1895 Clarinèr Freeman Boston Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, and the Public Administration Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Boston, Clarinèr Freeman, "An Historical Perspective of Oregon's and Portland's Political and Social Atmosphere in Relation to the Legal Justice System as it Pertained to Minorities: With Specific Reference to State Laws, City Ordinances, and Arrest and Court Records During the Period -- 1840-1895" (1997). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 4992. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.6868 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of Clariner Freeman Boston for the Master of Science in Administration of Justice were presented March 14, 1997, and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEE APPROVAL: Charles A. Tracy, Chair. Robert WLOckwood Darrell Millner ~ Representative of the Office of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT APPROVAL<: _ I I .._ __ r"'liatr · nistration of Justice ******************************************************************* ACCEPTED FOR PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY BY THE LIBRARY by on 6-LL-97 ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of Clariner Freeman Boston for the Master of Science in Administration of Justice, presented March 14, 1997.
    [Show full text]
  • Completing a Heartfelt Journey
    Clearwater Power Robbi Falls took her trip of a lifetime to Alaska twice — before and after her husband died—to accomplish what the couple originally set out to do together. Photo by Lori Mai Completing a Heartfelt Journey Robbi Falls completes an Alaskan bear hunt in memory of her husband By Lori Mai They met for a drink between Robbi’s the town I grew up in. We needed a place shows. Six years later, they were married. to get away.” By all measures, Bill and Robbi Falls were For the next decade, with Bill’s knowl- complete opposites. She was a showgirl edge and Robbi’s business savvy, the Hunt of a Lifetime at the Stardust Hotel on the Las Vegas couple turned Bill’s humble shop into Rural Idaho provided exactly the kind of Strip. He was a “country bumpkin” from Collision Authority LLC—the largest retreat the couple had been searching for Florida, who traded summers milking chain of professional collision centers in to further their common interest of hunt- cows and skinning catfish for a job in the Nevada. ing and fishing. auto body business “on the wrong side of As the business grew, so did Robbi’s They planned to retire there. the tracks” in Vegas, says Robbi. desire to escape the clamor of Las Vegas. In the meantime, they dreamed of As luck would have it, the two met by The couple bought and remodeled a going on a bear hunt in Alaska. chance when Robbi came into Bill’s shop ranch in Idaho where Robbi lived full For 12 years, they had been in con- to get an estimate for her car.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon's History
    Oregon’s History: People of the Northwest in the Land of Eden Oregon’s History: People of the Northwest in the Land of Eden ATHANASIOS MICHAELS Oregon’s History: People of the Northwest in the Land of Eden by Athanasios Michaels is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Contents Introduction 1 1. Origins: Indigenous Inhabitants and Landscapes 3 2. Curiosity, Commerce, Conquest, and Competition: 12 Fur Trade Empires and Discovery 3. Oregon Fever and Western Expansion: Manifest 36 Destiny in the Garden of Eden 4. Native Americans in the Land of Eden: An Elegy of 63 Early Statehood 5. Statehood: Constitutional Exclusions and the Civil 101 War 6. Oregon at the Turn of the Twentieth Century 137 7. The Dawn of the Civil Rights Movement and the 179 World Wars in Oregon 8. Cold War and Counterculture 231 9. End of the Twentieth Century and Beyond 265 Appendix 279 Preface Oregon’s History: People of the Northwest in the Land of Eden presents the people, places, and events of the state of Oregon from a humanist-driven perspective and recounts the struggles various peoples endured to achieve inclusion in the community. Its inspiration came from Carlos Schwantes historical survey, The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History which provides a glimpse of national events in American history through a regional approach. David Peterson Del Mar’s Oregon Promise: An Interpretive History has a similar approach as Schwantes, it is a reflective social and cultural history of the state’s diversity. The text offers a broad perspective of various ethnicities, political figures, and marginalized identities.
    [Show full text]
  • NEFF V. PENNOYER. [3 Sawy
    1279 Case 17FED.CAS.—81No. 10,083. NEFF V. PENNOYER. [3 Sawy. 274; 15 Am. Law Reg. (N. S.) 367.]1 Circuit Court, D. Oregon. March 9, 1875.2 POWER OF A STATE OVER THE PROPERTY OF NON-RESIDENTS—PROOF OF SERVICE IN CASE OF PUBLICATION—JUDGMENT-ROLL NOT THE WHOLE RECORD—EVIDENCE NECESSARY TO AUTHORIZE ORDER FOR PUBLICATION—EVIDENCE OF CAUSE OF ACTION—A VERIFIED COMPLAINT AN AFFIDAVIT—DILIGENCE TO ASCERTAIN THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE OF NON-RESIDENT DEFENDANT—PROOF OF PUBLICATION OF THE SUMMONS—AVERMENT OF SERVICE IN JUDGMENT ENTRY—PRESUMPTION IN FAVOR OF JURISDICTION. 1. A state has the power to subject the property of non- residents, within its territorial limits, to the satisfaction of the claims of her citizens against such non-residents by any mode of procedure which it may deem proper and convenient under the circumstances, and therefore may, for such purpose authorize a judgment to be given against such non-resident prior to seizure of such property, and with or without notice of the proceeding. [Cited in Hannibal & St. J. R. Co. v. Husen, 95 U. S. 471; Bowman v. Chicago & N. W. Ry. Co., 125 U. S. 465, 8 Sup. Ct. 702.] [Cited in Marsh v. Steele, 9 Neb. 99, 1 N. W. 869.] 2. The proof of service required by section 269 of the Oregon Code to be placed in the judgment-roll includes in the case of service by publication, the affidavit and order for publication as well as the affidavit of the printer to the fact of publication. [Cited in Gray v.
    [Show full text]
  • Tom Marsh T O T H E P R O M I S E D L A
    marsh output_Doern art 12-04-14 5:45 AM Page 1 MARSH “I am especially pleased to know that Tom Marsh has done painstaking research to bind our history in this tome; perhaps we will learn from our past and forge ahead with positive results for generations to come.” —GERRYFRANK The first comprehensive political history of Oregon, To the Promised Land TO THE PROMISED LAND also examines the social and economic changes the state has pioneered during its almost two hundred years. Highlighting major political figures, campaigns, ballot measures, and the history of legislative sessions, Tom Marsh traces the evolution of Oregon from incorporated territory to a state at the forefront of national environmental and social movements. From Jason Lee’s first letter urging Congress to take possession of the Oregon Country to John Kitzhaber’s precedent-setting third term as governor, from the land frauds of the early 20th century to the state’s land-use planning goals, from the Beach Bill to the Bottle Bill, this book tells Oregon’s story. Featuring interesting trivia, historical photographs, and biographical sketches of key politicians, To the Promised Land is an essential volume for readers interested in Oregon’s history. TOMMARSH taught high school history in Oregon for twenty-eight years. He represented eastern T O M M A R S H Washington County in the state legislature from 1975 to 1979, and has participated in numerous political campaigns over a span of nearly fifty years. He lives in Salem, Oregon. A History of Government ISBN 978-0-87071-657-7 Oregon State University Press and Politics in Oregon Cover design by David Drummond 9 7 8 0 8 7 0 7 1 6 5 7 7 OSU PRESS To the Promised Land A History of Government and Politics in Oregon Tom Marsh Oregon State University Press Corvallis For more information or to purchase the book, visit http://osupress.oregonstate.edu/book/to-promised-land To the Promised Land is dedicated to Katherine and Brynn, Meredith and Megan, and to Judy, my wife.
    [Show full text]
  • Sin, Scandal and Substantive Due Process: Personal Jurisdiction and Pennoyer Reconsidered Wendy Collins Perdue University of Richmond, [email protected]
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Faculty Publications School of Law 1987 Sin, Scandal and Substantive Due Process: Personal Jurisdiction and Pennoyer Reconsidered Wendy Collins Perdue University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications Part of the Civil Procedure Commons, and the Jurisdiction Commons Recommended Citation Wendy Collins Perdue, Sin, Scandal and Substantive Due Process: Personal Jurisdiction and Pennoyer Reconsidered, 62 Wash. L. Rev. 479 (1987) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SIN, SCANDAL, AND SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS: PERSONAL JURISDICTION AND PENNOYER RECONSIDERED Wendy Collins Perdue* "Confusion now hath made its masterpiece," 1 exclaims Macduff in Act II of Macbeth. The same might be said of the venerable case, Pennoyer v. Neff.2 Over 100 years after issuing Pennoyer the Supreme Court is still laboring to articulate a coherent doctrine of personal jurisdiction within the framework established by that opinion. Recently, the Court has become particularly interested in personal jurisdiction and has dealt with the issue seven times in the last four years. 3 Yet despite this growing body of case law, the doctrinal underpinnings remain elusive. The Court continues to treat geographic boundaries as central to the interests protected by personal jurisdiction, but has never satisfactorily explained why they are so central or what interest the doctrine of personal jurisdiction is intended to protect.
    [Show full text]
  • The Building They Shaped the Hatfield Courthouse at Twenty by Doug Pahl Inston Churchill Once Observed, “We Shape and $33.32 Million for Construction
    THE U.S. DIstRICT COURT OF OREGON HIstORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLEttER The building they shaped The Hatfield Courthouse at Twenty By Doug Pahl inston Churchill once observed, “We shape and $33.32 million for construction. Wour buildings, and afterward our buildings Reversing course at that advanced stage took shape us.” Twenty years ago, Ninth Circuit Court nerve and wasn’t without risk. But by late fall of Appeals Chief Judge Proctor Hug stood in the 1990, an abrupt but thoughtful change of course gleaming green lobby of the Mark O. Hatfield was necessary. It occurred thanks to the foresight U.S. Courthouse and reminded us of Churchill’s of our judges, led by Chief Judge Owen M. Pan- wisdom. It was November 13, 1997, and an ner, Judge James A. Redden, and Judge Marsh. It unprecedented group of dignitaries gathered to was clear the proposed annex property would not celebrate and dedicate Portland’s first new court- accommodate the court’s minimum space require- house since 1933. ments under newly-announced federal courthouse Judges, court staff, administration officials, design requirements. Judge Redden was selected designers, and artists, all led by Judge Malcolm Continue on page 2 F. Marsh, had indeed shaped an impressive build- ing with great care, intention, and respect. As the Hatfield Courthouse completes its teen years, it is timely to reflect on what inspired it, why its planners shaped it the way they did, and how it shapes those who seek justice and those who work diligently to dispense it. Initially, let us remember what could have been— in fact, what almost was.
    [Show full text]
  • Fo /Vj\ Off , ,, , F » a T Q -X Other (Explain): /V U /Tcce^L *^Wc Uv^V^ /*
    NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct.1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instruction in How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking V in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classifications, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Washington Park Reservoirs Historic District other names/site number Washington Park (City Park) Reservoirs 3 and 4 2. Location street & number 2403 S.W. Jefferson Street not for publication city or town Portland vicinity state Oregon code OR county Multnomah code 051 zip code 97201 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant __ nationally __ statewide X locally.
    [Show full text]
  • Death and Oregon's Settler Generation
    PETER BOAG Death and Oregon’s Settler Generation Connecting Parricide, Agricultural Decline, and Dying Pioneers at the Turn of the Twentieth Century AT 9:30 ON THE MORNING of June 20, 1895, the eight-year-old Linn County Pioneer Association convened in Brownsville, Oregon, for the second day of its annual reunions. Events that morning included the yearly roll call of members who had passed away since the previous year’s gathering. The three-person “Committee on the Death of Members of This Association” read a tribute as part of the occasion. It began: Pioneers of Linn County we have been Permitted to meet again and receive Happy Greeting. But amidst our glad Hand Shakes and cordial greetings there is a sadness and Heartache when we recall so many familiar Faces whom we were wont to see in our annual reunions. Who Have answered the Roll Call of the Death Angel and Have gone to their Eternal Home. Death has made sad Inroads Among our Sturdy Pioneers. Many who were with us the Past two and one year ago will meet with us no more on Earth. We are fast Passing Away. A few more years and the last Pioneer Shall have gone to his final reward. But we acknowledge the Divine hand in th[i]s garnering in the Ripened Sheaves and will not repine. We extend our most earnest Sympathy to loved ones thus bereaved and would admonish all to be ready for the last roll call. The committee then submitted the names of a dozen recently departed.1 Although the cause and mood of the annual reunion of the Linn County pioneers was celebratory and forever cheerful, the annual roll call of an ever- increasing number of the dead cast more than a moment of melancholy over the occasion, as the so-called Committee on Death made abundantly clear.
    [Show full text]
  • To Access the David Duniway Papers Finding Aide
    Container List 1999.013 ~ Records ~ Duniway, David C. 07/19/2017 Container Folder Location Creator Date Title Description Subjects Box 01 1.01 1868-1980 Adolph-Gill Bldgs The materials in this folder relate to the buildings owned and occupied by J.K. Gill & Co. and by Sam Adolph. These two buildings are in the heart of the original business district of Salem. The Gill Building (1868) is west of the Adolph Block (1880), and they share a staircase. The Gill building was later referred to as the Paulus Building, as it was acquired by Christopher Paulus in 1885; both Robert and Fred Paulus were born upstairs in the building. The Adolph Building was erected by Sam Adolph following a fire that destroyed the wooden buildings on the site; the architect was J.S. Coulter. References to articles in the Daily American Unionist from April 23, 1868 through September 8, 1868 describe the four new brick buildings under construction on State and Commercial Streets. Thes buildings are the intended new homes for the businesses of J.K. Gill & Co., Charley Stewart, Durbin & Co., and Governor Wood's new dwelling. Progress is periodically described. Finally, the first ten days of September, 1868, the moves appear complete and advertisements indicate the items they will carry. Another article in the September 8, 1868 issue indicates that Story and Thompson are moving a house lately occupied by J.K. Gill and Co. to the eastern edge of the lot so that when it is time to construct additional brick buildings, there will be space.
    [Show full text]
  • The Union Bimetallic Party of Oregon, 1896-1898
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 7-1977 The Union Bimetallic Party of Oregon, 1896-1898 Ludger Mogge Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Labor History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mogge, Ludger, "The Union Bimetallic Party of Oregon, 1896-1898" (1977). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2549. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2547 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THE UNION BIMETALLIC PARTY OF OREGON 1896 - 1898 by LUDGER MOGGE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in HISTORY Portland State University 1977 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THES:IB OF Ludger Mogge for the Master of Arts in History presented July 28, 1977. Titles The Union Bimetallic Party of Oregon, 1896 - 1898. AP.fROVED BY THE MEMBF.3S OF THE THESIS COMMll'TEE: Victor c. Dahl On March 23 - 26, 1898, Populists, Democrats, and Silver Repub- licans of Oregon held their state conventions in Portland and agre~d upon a common pla.tform and a common state ticket for the elections of June 6, 1898. None of the available works on Oregon history expla.inS that this fusion was the culmination of a two-year effort to unite the reform forces o:r the sta.tee Thµ; thesis tries to fill the gap.
    [Show full text]
  • Midtown Blocks Historic Assessment September 2004
    Midtown Blocks Historic Assessment September 2004 Acknowledgements Portland Bureau of Planning Vera Katz, Mayor Gil Kelley, Planning Director Project Staff Joe Zehnder, Principle Planner Steve Dotterrer, Principle Planner Julia Gisler, City Planner II Cielo Lutino, City Planner II Lisa Abuaf, Community Service Aide With Additional Assistance From: Donah Baribeau, Office Specialist III Gary Odenthal, Technical Service Manager Carmen Piekarski, GIS Analyst Urban Design Section Portland Development Commission Amy Miller Dowell, Senior Project Coordinator Historic Research Consultant Donald R. Nelson, Historic Writing and Research Cover Images (clockwise from top left): Guild Theatre Marquee, 2003; SW Salmon & Broadway, ca. 1928; Drawing of the Pythian Building, 1906; SW 9th & Yamhill, 2003; Entrance to the Woodlark Building, 2003; Virginia Café Neon, 2003; Fox Theater and Music Box, 1989; Demolition of the Orpheum Theater, 1976; Construction of the Benson Hotel, 1912; Stevens Building, 1914; Broadway Building and Liebes Building, 2003. Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................. 1 Recent Planning for the Midtown Blocks ........................................ 1 Historic Assessment ................................................................ 1 Elements of the Historic Assessment............................................. 2 Findings ............................................................................... 4 Recommendations..................................................................
    [Show full text]