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What Is a Musical Instrument?
What is a musical instrument? What is a musical instrument? By Tellef Kvifte Introduction The development of new electronic and computer-based music-making tools is a challenge to traditional concepts of musical instruments. We hear new sounds, we see familiar sounds coming out of unfamiliar devices, and unfamiliar sounds com- ing out of familiar interfaces. Also, the relations between composing, improvising, performing and playing recordings are being blurred: scores can be made to sound without human musicians, and sound can (to a certain extent) be made into score without a human transcriber. In this situation, one may want to call for new defini- tions of several of the basic concepts connected to music and music-making. In this paper, I will focus on the concept of musical instrument . I will, however, not suggest new definitions. I want to show that the concept has never been well defined, and has been understood in many ways. I will argue that there is no need for new definitions, but rather for a more detailed understanding of the many aspects of the concept. Definitions of musical instruments The literature on musical instruments, including works on classification, seldom goes deeply into basic definitions of the core concept of ‘instrument’. A basic defini- tion like ‘device made to play music’ seems to be taken more or less for granted. Such a definition will usually suffice in most situations, but all concepts mentioned — ‘de- vice’, ‘play’ and ‘music’ — may be questioned, clarified or confused. While there are some explicit definitions in the literature, Grove’s online dictionary of music tries to evade the question with the following: ‘Musical instrument’ is a self-explanatory term for an observer in his own society; it is less easy to apply on a worldwide scale because the notion of music itself in such a wide context escapes definition. -
A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15Th-18Th Centuries - Part Two
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15th-18th Centuries - Part Two Wire-Strung Instruments in the 16th Century ment and was used in a multitude of countries and regions. Al- Most of the wire-strung instruments from the 15th century though most players today think of the cittern as a single type of discussed in part one — such as the harpsichord, psaltery, and instrument, there were in fact many different types, each signifi- Irish harp — continued to be used on a regular basis throughout cantly different enough from the others so as to constitute separate the 16th century (and they would continue to be used into the 18th). instruments. However, almost all citterns have in common a tuning The major exception to this was the Italian cetra, which disap- characterized by the intervals of a 5th between the third and second peared at the end of the 15th century only to evolve into many dif- courses and a major 2nd between the second and first courses, and ferent forms of citterns. one or more re-entrantly tuned strings. Historically, the 16th century heralds the beginning of ma- jor shifts in thinking that led to experimentation and innovation Diatonic 6- and 7-Course Cittern in many aspects of life. Times were changing: from the discovery This was the earliest form of cittern used, possibly devel- of the “New World” that had begun at the end of the 15th century, oped from the cetra late in the 15th or early in the 16th century, and to the shifts in politics, power, religion, and gender roles that oc- it was definitely still in use into the 17th century. -
The Applachian Mountain Dulcimer: Examining the Creation of an “American Tradition”
CFA MU 755, Boston University Steve Eulberg The Applachian Mountain Dulcimer: Examining the Creation of an “American Tradition” In a nation composed dominantly of immigrants, or people who are not “from” here, one can expect the cultural heritage in general, and the musical heritage in particular, to be based on the many strands of immigrant tradition. At some point, however, that which was brought from the old country begins to “belong” to the children of the immigrants, who pass this heritage on to their children. These strands are the woof that is woven into the warp of the new land—a process that continues until the tradition rightly belongs to the new setting as well. This is the case for the Applachian Mountain (or fretted, lap, plucked, strummed1) dulcimer. This instrument has been called by some “The Original American Folk Instrument.”2 Because other instruments have also laid claim to this appellation (most notably the banjo), this paper will explore whether or not it deserves such a name by describing the dulcimer, exploring its antecedent instruments, or “cousins”, tracing its construction and use by some people associated with the dulcimer, and examining samples of the music played on the instrument from 3 distinct periods of its use in the 20th century. What is the dulcimer? The Appalachian Mountain Dulcimer3 consists of a diatonic fretboard which is mounted on top of a soundbox. It is generally strung with three or four strings arranged in a pattern of three (with one pair of strings doubled and close together, to be played as one.) Its strings are strummed or plucked either with the fingers or a plectrum while the other hand is fretting the strings at different frets using either fingers or a wooden stick called a “noter.” The shape of the body or soundbox varies from hourglass, boat, diamond and lozenge, to teardrop and rectangular box style. -
Fomrhi Q134.Pdf
Quarterly No. 134, May 2016 FoMRHI Quarterly BULLETIN 134 Christopher Goodwin 2 COMMUNICATIONS 2046 An attempt to reconstruct the bagpipes depicted in Peter Breughel the Elder’s Peasants’ Wedding Eric Franklin 4 2047 The oldest Hummel (a folk instrument) from Germany identified Wilfried Ulrich 9 2048 Further to Comms 1944 and 1948 – Napoleon and a Seven Course Oud An Update John Downing 16 2049 A musical passage from Hamlet, act II, scene 3 David Z Crookes 19 2050 Inferring the placement of a bardic school in 13th to 15th century Lennox, Scotland, through harp wood types Andrew J. Bull 24 2051 Nickel plating brass keys Jim Lynham 28 2052 Vacuum and pressure oil treatment of wood Julian Goodacre 29 2053 Making woodwind instruments 5a: Ivory and natural ivory substitutes Jan Bouterse 32 2054 Making woodwind instruments 5b: Artificial ivory Jan Bouterse 38 The next issue, Quarterly 135, will appear in August 2016. Please send in Comms and announcements to the address below, to arrive by August 15th. Fellowship of Makers and Researchers of Historical Instruments Committee: Andrew Atkinson, Peter Crossley, John Downing, Luke Emmet, Peter Forrester, Eleanor Froelich, Martyn Hodgson, Jim Lynham, Jeremy Montagu, Filadelfio Puglisi, Michael Roche, Alexander Rosenblatt, Marco Tiella, Secretary/Quarterly Editor: Christopher Goodwin Treasurer: John Reeve Webmaster: Luke Emmet Southside Cottage, Brook Hill, Albury, Guildford GU5 9DJ, Great Britain Tel: (++44)/(0)1483 202159 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.fomrhi.org BULLETIN 134 Christopher Goodwin This is the second Q of this subscription period (nos. 133-136). Members from last year who have not yet renewed their subscriptions will receive this in PDF form on a benefit-of-the-doubt basis, but to receive the printed copy too, you must pay the subscription. -
IJHS Newsletter 07, 2008
NNeewwsslleetttteerr ooff tthhee IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall JJeeww’’ss HHaarrpp SSoocciieettyy BoardMatters FeatureComment The opening of the Museum in Yakutsk Franz Kumpl An interview with Fred Crane Deirdre Morgan & Michael Wright RegionalNews PictureGallery Images from the opening of the Museum in Yakutsk Franz Kumpl WebWise IJHS website goes ‘live’ AndFinally… Correspondence NoticeBoard Membership August 2008 Spring / Summer Issue 7 Page 1 of 14 August 2008 Issue 7 BoardMatters – From the President Page 2 FeatureComment – The new Khomus Museum in Yakutsk & Interview with Frederick Crane Page 3 RegionalNews Page 5 PictureGallery Page 12 WebWise Page 13 AndFinally… Page 13 NoticeBoard Page 15 To contribute to the newsletter, send your emails to [email protected] or post to: Michael Wright, General Secretary, IJHS Newsletter, 77 Beech Road, Wheatley, Oxon, OX33 1UD, UK Signed articles or news items represent the views of their authors only. Cover photograph & insert courtesy of Franz Kumpl & Michael Wright Editorial BoardMatters NEWS HEADLINES From the president THE NEW KHOMUS MUSEUM OPENS IN Dear friends, YAKUTSK. The Journal of the International Jew‟s Harp Society, IJHS LAUNCHES ITS FIRST WEBSITE. besides this Newsletter, is indispensable to our work FRED CRANE STEPPING DOWN AS JOURNAL and an integral part the paying members get for their EDITOR. yearly membership fee. Given that the Society basically runs on goodwill, it History has shown that the difference between Journal never ceases to amaze me how much we manage to and Newsletter are as follows: achieve. Sometimes it may seem that nothing is The Journal is published ideally once per year in a happening much, but, just like the swan swimming printed version and with the objective of providing (above) majestically along on the water, the legs are paddling opportunities for the publication of scientific Michael Wight, like mad beneath. -
WAVEDRUM Owner's Manaul
Owner´s Manual E 2 1 Thank you for purchasing the Korg WAVEDRUM THE FCC REGULATION WARNING (for USA) dynamic percussion synthesizer. This equipment has been tested and found to comply This owner’s manual contains a great deal of informa- with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant tion that will help you understand the WAVEDRUM to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are and play it to its fullest potential. In order- to ensure designed to provide reasonable protection against that you are taking complete advantage of your harmful interference in a residential installation. This WAVEDRUM, please read this manual carefully and equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio fre- use the product as directed. quency energy and, if not installed and used in accor- dance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a Precautions particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, Location which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the Using the unit in the following locations can result in a interference by one or more of the following mea- malfunction. sures: • In direct sunlight • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. • Locations of extreme temperature or humidity • Increase the separation between the equipment • Excessively dusty or dirty locations and receiver. • Locations of excessive vibration • Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit • Close to magnetic fields different from that to which the receiver is con- Power supply nected. -
Sample Library Catalog 2006
AMG | ART VISTA | BARDSTOWN AUDIO | BELA D MEDIA | BEST SERVICE | BIG FISH AUDIO | BOLDER SOUNDS | CKSDE DAN DEAN PRO | DISCOVERY SOUND | EASTWEST | FIXED NOISE | GARRITAN | NATIVE INSTRUMENTS | NUMERICAL SOUND POST MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS | PRECISIONSOUND | SONIC IMPLANTS | SONIC REALITY | SONICCOUTURE | SOUNDLABEL SPIRIT CANYON AUDIO | TAP SPACE | VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY | ZERO-G SAMPLE LIBRARY CATALOG 2006 ForFor more more information: information: www.native-instruments.com www.native-instruments.com Welcome Welcome to the first sample library catalog for the Native Instruments samplers Kontakt, Battery, Kompakt, and Intakt. This catalog features a huge selection of over 130 professional and award winning sample libraries from various sample developers. You will find anything from Orchestral to Electronic, featuring the best available sample libraries in the world. All libraries are specifically designed for the Native Instruments software samplers Kontakt, Battery, Intakt and Kompakt. Some of these libraries contain special versions of Kompakt, Intakt or Kontakt Player and don´t necessarily need the full version of the sampler. Since 2003, Kontakt has fast become the standard in software sampling. Over 50 companies all over the world chose Kontakt or Battery to be their favourite platform for developing sample libraries and over 100.000 users are currently using the Kontakt engine with Kontakt, Kompakt, Intakt, Battery or Kontakt Player. If you want to know more about the sampler products or sample libraries, please visit the Native -
Jurgita Nagrockytė DAMBRELIO RAIDA LIETUVOS MUZIKINIUOSE
VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS HUMANITARINIŲ MOKSLŲ FAKULTETAS ETNOLOGIJOS IR FOLKLORISTIKOS KATEDRA Jurgita Nagrockytė DAMBRELIO RAIDA LIETUVOS MUZIKINIUOSE ANSAMBLIUOSE Magistro baigiamasis darbas Etninės kultūros studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 62407H101 Etnologijos studijų kryptis Vadovas prof. habil. dr. Romualdas Apanavičius ___________ ___________ (Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta doc. dr. Jonas Vaičenonis ___________ ____________ (Fakulteto dekanas) (Parašas) (Data) Kaunas, 2010 1. TURINYS 1. TURINYS ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. SANTRAUKA................................................................................................................................ 2 3. SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... 3 4. ĮVADAS ......................................................................................................................................... 4 5. DAMBRELIO ISTORIJA, ATSIRADIMO PRIELAIDOS LIETUVOJE..................................... 7 5.1 Dambrelio raida pasaulyje ....................................................................................................... 7 5.2 Dambrelio istorinė raida .......................................................................................................... 9 5.3 Dambrelio istoriniai atradimai Europoje ir Jungtinėje karalystėje ......................................... -
Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music
A clarinet (soprano) albogue tubes in a frame. USE clarinet BT double reed instrument UF kechruk a-jaeng alghōzā BT xylophone USE ajaeng USE algōjā anklung (rattle) accordeon alg̲hozah USE angklung (rattle) USE accordion USE algōjā antara accordion algōjā USE panpipes UF accordeon A pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously, anzad garmon widespread in the Indian subcontinent. USE imzad piano accordion UF alghōzā anzhad BT free reed instrument alg̲hozah USE imzad NT button-key accordion algōzā Appalachian dulcimer lõõtspill bīnõn UF American dulcimer accordion band do nally Appalachian mountain dulcimer An ensemble consisting of two or more accordions, jorhi dulcimer, American with or without percussion and other instruments. jorī dulcimer, Appalachian UF accordion orchestra ngoze dulcimer, Kentucky BT instrumental ensemble pāvā dulcimer, lap accordion orchestra pāwā dulcimer, mountain USE accordion band satāra dulcimer, plucked acoustic bass guitar BT duct flute Kentucky dulcimer UF bass guitar, acoustic algōzā mountain dulcimer folk bass guitar USE algōjā lap dulcimer BT guitar Almglocke plucked dulcimer acoustic guitar USE cowbell BT plucked string instrument USE guitar alpenhorn zither acoustic guitar, electric USE alphorn Appalachian mountain dulcimer USE electric guitar alphorn USE Appalachian dulcimer actor UF alpenhorn arame, viola da An actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly alpine horn USE viola d'arame required for the performance of a musical BT natural horn composition that is not in a traditionally dramatic arará form. alpine horn A drum constructed by the Arará people of Cuba. BT performer USE alphorn BT drum adufo alto (singer) arched-top guitar USE tambourine USE alto voice USE guitar aenas alto clarinet archicembalo An alto member of the clarinet family that is USE arcicembalo USE launeddas associated with Western art music and is normally aeolian harp pitched in E♭. -
Traditional Japanese Musical Instruments 1 Traditional Japanese Musical Instruments
Traditional Japanese musical instruments 1 Traditional Japanese musical instruments Traditional Japanese musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments. String Plucked • Biwa (琵琶) - pear-shaped lute • Ichigenkin (kanji: 一絃琴) - one-string zither • Koto (琴, 箏) - long zither • Junanagen (十七絃) - 17-stringed zither • Taishogoto (大正琴) - zither with metal strings and keys • Kugo (箜篌) - an angled harp used in ancient times and recently revived • Sanshin (三線) - three-string banjo from Okinawa • Shamisen (三味線) - A banjo-like lute with three strings, the shamisen was brought to Japan from China in the 16th century. Popular in Edo's pleasure districts, the shamisen was often used in Kabuki theater. Made from red sandalwood and ranging from 1.1 to 1.4 meters long, the Kitagawa Utamaro, "Flowers of Edo: Young Woman's shamisen has ivory pegs, strings made from twisted silk, Narrative Chanting to the Shamisen", ca. 1880 and a belly covered in cat or dog skin. The strings, which are of different thickness, are plucked or struck with a tortoise shell pick. • Yamatogoto (大和琴) - ancient long zither; also called wagon (和琴) • Tonkori (トンコリ) - plucked instrument used by the Ainu of Hokkaidō Bowed - bowed lute with three (or, more rarely, four) strings and a skin-covered body Wind Flutes Japanese flutes are called Fue. there are eight different flutes • Hocchiku (法竹) - vertical bamboo flute • Nohkan (能管) - transverse bamboo flute used for noh theater • Ryūteki (龍笛) - transverse bamboo flute used for gagaku • Kagurabue (神楽笛) -
The a Brief Survey of Plucked Wire
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15th-18th Centuries - Part Four Wire-Strung Instruments in the 18th Century alone over about a The development of new wire-strung instruments in the 50-year period. Much 18th century took primarily two paths: the modification of already of this music, in both successful forms (such as modifying the body of the cittern to make printed and manuscript the new French cistre), and the adding of wire strings to instruments form, still exists, in- originally strung in gut (e.g. mandolin and chitarra battente). The cluding around 30 con- trends that had started in the 17th century such as chordal tunings certos and above 1000 and extended basses, became more commonplace for many of the duets, trios, quartets, 18th century wire-strung instruments. and sonatas. Many One of the distinguishing marks of 18th century wire- manuscript collections strung instrument development is the segregation of instrument survive in France, types by region when compared to previous centuries. Whereas in Sweden, Austria, and the 16th century one could find the 4-course diatonic cittern played Hungary.1 throughout almost all of Europe, by the 18th century citterns existed as specific regional variants: the English guittar, Frenchcistre , Ger- Chitarra battente man Zister, Norwegian sister, Spanish citara, and Corsican cetera. The chitarra On the other hand, other instruments seemed easily to transcend battente can be found national bounds, as did the mandolin. today as a folk instru- ment in the south- Mandolins ern regions of Italy. Mandolins had been around in all but name since at least Though musicologists Side and front view of chitarra battente, the 15th century, essentially modified forms of the Renaissance have typically given an Brussels Conservatoire, Inv. -
Visualizza Il Manuale In
1 Grazie per aver acquistato il WAVEDRUM. Marchio CE per gli Standard Europei Per ottenere il meglio dallo strumento ti Il marchio CE, presente sugli apparati elettrici ed invitiamo a leggere attentamente questo elettronici dell’azienda fino al 31 Dicembre del manuale. 1996, dimostra la conformità alle Direttive EMC (89/336/EEC) e CE (93/68/EEC). Inoltre, il Posizionamento marchio CE presente sui prodotti dopo il 1° Gennaio 1997 dimostra la conformità alle Evitare di collocare l’unità: Direttive EMC (89/336/ EEC), CE (93/68/EEC) e • All’esposizione diretta della luce solare quella relativa ai dispositivi a basso voltaggio • In luoghi soggetti a forti sbalzi di temperatura o (73/23/EEC). Infine, il marchio CE presente sugli molto umidi apparati a batteria, ne attesta la conformità alle • In ambienti molto sporchi o polverosi direttive EMC (89/336/EEC) e CE(93/68/EEC). • Su superfici sottoposte a forti vibrazioni • In prossimità di campi magnetici (monitor, casse NOTA IMPORTANTE PER L’UTENTE acustiche etc.) Il presente dispositivo è stato prodotto ed assemblato nel rispetto delle normative relative Alimentazione alle specifiche tecniche ed al voltaggio richiesto Collegare l’adattatore AC fornito di serie alla dal paese nel quale è commercializzato, e nel presa di corrente elettrica. L’adattatore non deve quale ne è quindi previsto l’uso. Nel caso abbiate essere usato su reti elettriche con tensioni diverse acquistato il prodotto via internet, per posta e/o per le quali ne è stato previsto l’utilizzo. per telefono, è necessario verificare che il Interferenza con altri apparecchi elettrici prodotto risponda alle caratteristiche tecniche e di Radio e televisori posizionati in prossimità del sicurezza richieste dal paese nel quale si risiede.