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Post-Delisting Monitoring Plan U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Draft Post-Delisting Monitoring Plan for the Nashville Crayfish (Faxonius shoupi) Photo by: Michelle Barbero, Metro Water Services Photo courtesy of Ron Caldwell, Lincoln Memorial University Prepared by: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office Cookeville, Tennessee XX 2019 Draft Post-Delisting Monitoring Plan for the Nashville Crayfish (Faxonius shoupi) XX 2019 Acknowledgements: The Draft Post-delisting Monitoring Plan for the Nashville crayfish was prepared by biologists of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Steve Alexander, Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office). We wish to acknowledge assistance that we received in preparing this plan from the Nashville Zoo and Tennessee Division of Natural Areas. Recommended Citation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2019. Draft Post-delisting Monitoring Plan for the Nashville Crayfish (Faxonius shoupi). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee Ecological Services Field Office, Cookeville, Tennessee. 19 pp. Table of Contents I. Summary of Cooperators Roles in the Post-Delisting Monitoring Planning Effort ............. 3 II. Summary of Species Status at Time of Delisting ................................................................. 3 A. Demographic Parameters ............................................................................................... 3 B. Discussion of Populations .............................................................................................. 4 C. Residual Threats ............................................................................................................. 7 D. Legal and/or Management Commitments for Post-delisting Conservation ................... 7 III. Monitoring Methods and Locations ..................................................................................... 7 A. Definitions of Terms ...................................................................................................... 7 B. Procedures for Selecting and Locating Samples ............................................................ 8 C. Sampling and Data Recording Procedures ..................................................................... 9 D. Practices to Assure Consistency of Data Collection .................................................... 12 E. Frequency and Duration of Monitoring ........................................................................ 12 IV. Definition of Response Triggers for Potential Monitoring Outcomes ............................... 12 A. Category I ..................................................................................................................... 13 B. Category II .................................................................................................................... 13 C. Category III ................................................................................................................... 14 V. Data Compilation and Reporting Procedures ..................................................................... 14 VI. Estimated Funding Requirements and Sources .................................................................. 14 VII. PDM Implementation Schedule ......................................................................................... 15 VIII. Literature Cited ................................................................................................................... 16 Appendix. Nashville Zoo Faxonius shoupi Field Data Sheet ...................................................... 18 i List of Figures Figure 1. Nashville Crayfish Distribution ..................................................................................... 5 Figure 2. Nashville Crayfish PDM Sites ..................................................................................... 10 List of Tables Table 1. Long-Term Population Monitoring Sites .........................................................................8 Table 2. PDM Plan Monitoring Sites .............................................................................................9 ii I. Summary of All Cooperators’ Roles in the Post-Delisting Monitoring Planning Effort Post-delisting monitoring is a requirement of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). Section 4(g)(1) requires the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to: implement a system in cooperation with the States to monitor effectively, for not less than five years, the status of all species which have recovered to the point at which the measures provided pursuant to this Act are no longer necessary. The purpose of post-delisting monitoring is to verify that Nashville crayfish (Faxonius shoupi) remains secure from the risk of extinction after it has been removed from the protections of the Act. The Service prepared this draft post-delisting monitoring (PDM) plan (Plan), in coordination with the Nashville Zoo, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, and Tennessee Division of Natural Areas (TDNA). This draft Plan is designed to detect substantial declines in the Nashville crayfish population with reasonable certainty and precision. It meets the minimum requirement set forth by the Act by effectively monitoring the status of Nashville crayfish using annual sampling events. II. Summary of Species Status at Time of Delisting A. Demographic Parameters Many authors have addressed the particular characteristics that distinguish the Nashville crayfish from others in Mill Creek and the region (Hobbs 1948; O’Bara et al. 1985; Service 1989; Williams 2001). The most distinguishing features include elongate pincers with red tips and adjacent narrow black banding, a usually light-colored “saddle” on the carapace extending from the posterior to the anterior and terminating as lateral stripes on either side, and distinctive gonopods markedly different from any of its congeners. Larger females can be identified easily by the sigmoidal cleft of the annulus ventralis (AV or sperm receptacle) under minimal magnification, and occasionally by the naked eye. Such identification presumes that the AV is not occluded by debris or is particularly melanic. The Nashville crayfish (F. shoupi) can be a rather large crayfish, ranging from young-of- the-year (YOY) at ~0.6 cm total length (TL) to adults ~17.8 cm (TDNA 2009, O’Bara et al., 1985). Other Faxonius reported from the Mill Creek watershed, including F. rhoadesi and F. durelli, easily can be distinguished from F. shoupi by gonopod structure and body coloration. As noted by Bouchard (1984), F. placidus, a Central Basin species strongly resembling F. shoupi, never has been reported from the Mill Creek watershed. As such, even YOY crayfish from the Mill Creek drainage often can be identified comfortably as F. shoupi, as no other saddle-bearing species are present in the system. That idea was borne out during a contemporary distributional survey (TDNA 2009), as the only adult Faxonius from the Mill Creek system with the characteristic saddle was F. shoupi. Saddled YOY 3 observed in the Mill Creek drainage, by inference, are likely F. shoupi as well (TDNA 2009). B. Discussion of Populations Despite heavy development that has occurred in Metropolitan Nashville and surrounding areas in Davidson and Williamson counties, Tennessee, the Nashville crayfish persists in Mill Creek and its tributaries (Figure 1). Mill Creek originates in Williamson County, Tennessee, and flows in a northerly direction for approximately 27 mi. It crosses into Davidson County at approximately Mill Creek river mile (RM) 20.8 and continues to flow north for approximately 20.8 mi before joining the Cumberland River at Cumberland RM 194.5. The drainage area is 172 mi2 and it is located within the Central Basin Physiographic Region, an area of approximately 7,000 mi2, which is comprised predominately of Ordovician limestones and shales (Jones 2006). Research and project-specific surveys for the Nashville crayfish have been routinely conducted in the Mill Creek watershed since before the species was listed in 1986, providing data to delimit the species’ range. The species is not found in the lower 0.8- mile reach of Mill Creek, which is influenced by water level fluctuations in the Cumberland River, and in the upper 2.5-mile reach which undergoes seasonal dewatering (O’Bara 1999). Available data indicate that the species is evenly distributed in the remaining 23.5 miles of Mill Creek and in eight of the 15 tributaries to Mill Creek. The Nashville crayfish has been found in a wide range of environments including gravel and cobble runs, pools with intermittent flow, and under slab rocks and other cover (Walton 2008). The species has also been found in other unique areas, such as storm water detention ponds, indicating the species may be more of a generalist than previously thought (USFWS 2017). Carpenter (2002) was the first to estimate population densities and delineate the distribution of the Nashville crayfish, by sampling Mill Creek at regular intervals from its confluence with the Cumberland River to its source. Tributaries in which the species was found were also surveyed at regular intervals, and the length of tributary reaches occupied were identified. Data were recorded from all Nashville crayfish collected, and individuals were marked. Using results of mark/recapture sampling, Carpenter (2002) estimated population densities of Nashville crayfish ranged from 404 to 1,425 individuals per 100 linear meters of stream in Sevenmile Creek and ranged from 1,854 to 3,217 individuals
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