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Transit and Contactless Open Payments: an Emerging Approach for Fare Collection

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Transit and Contactless Open Payments: an Emerging Approach for Fare Collection Transit and Contactless Open Payments: An Emerging Approach for Fare Collection A Smart Card Alliance Transportation Council White Paper Publication Date: November 2011 Publication Number: TC-11002 Smart Card Alliance 191 Clarksville Rd. Princeton Junction, NJ 08550 www.smartcardalliance.org Smart Card Alliance © 2011 1 About the Smart Card Alliance The Smart Card Alliance is a not-for-profit, multi-industry association working to stimulate the understanding, adoption, use and widespread application of smart card technology. Through specific projects such as education programs, market research, advocacy, industry relations and open forums, the Alliance keeps its members connected to industry leaders and innovative thought. The Alliance is the single industry voice for smart cards, leading industry discussion on the impact and value of smart cards in the U.S. and Latin America. For more information please visit http://www.smartcardalliance.org. Copyright © 2011 Smart Card Alliance, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or distribution of this publication in any form is forbidden without prior permission from the Smart Card Alliance. The Smart Card Alliance has used best efforts to ensure, but cannot guarantee, that the information described in this report is accurate as of the publication date. The Smart Card Alliance disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of information in this report. Smart Card Alliance © 2011 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................5 1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................5 1.2 PREVIOUS AND RELATED PUBLICATIONS ...........................................................................................5 1.3 NOTES ON TERMINOLOGY ..................................................................................................................5 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................6 3 CONTACTLESS PAYMENTS IN THE OPEN PAYMENTS INDUSTRY .....................................7 3.1 CONTACTLESS BANK CARD PAYMENTS .............................................................................................7 3.1.1 Credit/Debit Fee Structure..................................................................................................8 3.1.2 Programs for Low-Value Transactions...............................................................................9 3.2 PREPAID BANK CARDS .....................................................................................................................10 3.3 BANK CARD INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRENDS................................................................................10 3.3.1 NFC ...................................................................................................................................10 3.3.2 EMV...................................................................................................................................11 4 TRADITIONAL TRANSIT CONTACTLESS PAYMENTS...........................................................12 4.1 CONTACTLESS STORED VALUE SMART CARD-BASED TRANSIT PAYMENT MECHANICS..................12 4.2 TRANSIT PAYMENT REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................13 4.2.1 Transaction Speeds............................................................................................................13 4.2.2 Flexible Transit Fare Policy Support and Pricing............................................................13 4.2.3 Data Integrity and Customer Service................................................................................13 4.2.4 Multiple Payment Options.................................................................................................14 4.2.5 Data Security and User Privacy........................................................................................14 4.2.6 Transit Benefits Program Support.....................................................................................14 5 BENEFITS OF CONTACTLESS OPEN BANK CARD PAYMENTS FOR TRANSIT...............16 5.1 FARE PAYMENT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FLEXIBILITY....................................................................16 5.1.1 Account-Based Architecture..............................................................................................16 5.1.2 Advantages of Account-Based Architecture ......................................................................17 5.2 INTERAGENCY INTEROPERABILITY ...................................................................................................17 5.3 FLEXIBLE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT AND PRETAX PROGRAM BENEFITS ON PREPAID CARDS 17 5.4 FLEXIBLE USE OF ID AND ACCESS MEDIA FOR FARE PAYMENT ......................................................17 5.5 MERCHANT ROLE FOR TRANSIT AGENCY.........................................................................................18 5.6 WELL-DEFINED AND GLOBALLY-ACCEPTED SECURITY STANDARDS ..............................................18 5.7 REDUCED PAYMENT MEDIA ISSUANCE ............................................................................................18 5.8 LOWER FARE COLLECTION COSTS ...................................................................................................18 5.9 LOWER COSTS FROM LEVERAGING STANDARDS-BASED COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF DEVICES .18 5.10 IMPROVED CUSTOMER SERVICE .......................................................................................................19 5.11 POSITIVE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE ...................................................................................................19 5.12 SPEED OF DEPLOYMENT ...................................................................................................................19 5.13 PARTNER CO-PROMOTION OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................20 5.14 ADDITIONAL REVENUE OPPORTUNITIES...........................................................................................20 5.14.1 Advertising.........................................................................................................................20 5.14.2 Card Revenue ....................................................................................................................20 5.14.3 Expanded Distribution.......................................................................................................21 5.14.4 Expansion to Small Agencies.............................................................................................21 6 OPEN PAYMENTS: CHALLENGES, CONSIDERATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....22 6.1 KEY OPERATIONAL ISSUES...............................................................................................................22 6.2 FEES AND COSTS...............................................................................................................................22 6.3 EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIP MANAGEMENT AND NEW PROCUREMENT MODELS.................................23 Smart Card Alliance © 2011 3 6.4 FARE POLICIES..................................................................................................................................24 6.5 INSPECTION FOR PROOF OF PAYMENT ..............................................................................................24 6.6 MIGRATION PATH.............................................................................................................................25 6.7 UNBANKED RIDERS ..........................................................................................................................25 6.8 PRETAX TRANSIT BENEFITS..............................................................................................................25 6.9 POTENTIAL FINANCIAL INDUSTRY CHANGES ...................................................................................26 6.10 MARKET PENETRATION OF CONTACTLESS CREDIT, DEBIT, AND PREPAID CARDS ...........................26 7 DEPLOYMENT CASE STUDIES ......................................................................................................28 7.1 NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY PILOTS......................................................................................................28 7.1.1 Business and Customer Service Drivers............................................................................28 7.1.2 Phase 1 ..............................................................................................................................28 7.1.3 Phase 2 ..............................................................................................................................29 7.1.4 MTA Summary...................................................................................................................30 7.1.5 Expansion of NJ TRANSIT Tap>Ride Pilot ......................................................................31 7.2 UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY FULL SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT ...............................................................32 8 AGENCIES IN THE PROCESS OF MOVING TO OPEN SYSTEMS..........................................35 8.1 PHILADELPHIA ..................................................................................................................................35
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