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'" ..... , ... .' \J (\~ X X Vi! l 1J{ \'(ll/ REPOR'r ON THE CENSUS OF CENTRAL INDIA, 1891. CHAPTER I. SECTION I.-GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF CENTRAL INDIA. Central India, the aggregate of States under the political care of the Geographical description of Agent to the Governor General in Central India, Central India. may be roughly described as a great triangle, the base of which is the course of the Narhada Irem Mathwar, adjoining Rewa Kantha, to about 60 miles east of Hoshilllgabad, contiGlled in an imaginary line to about 60 miles east of the town of Rewa: and the apex is the most northerly point- in the course of 'the Chambal, about 30 mL!es south of Agra. The triangle is by no means a p6.J.'fect one: Rajputana stretches -ipto it on the north-west, the North-Western Provinces on the north-east, and the'Cent!'al Pro. viQces on .the south-east; while .t~e Ind.ore territory in N~mar extends ov~~ Narbada mto Kandesh and Bntlsh Nlmar; and there IS a break of continuity near Jhansi, between the States of Urchha and Datia. 2. Central India has otherwise been described as two irregular and detached tracts of territory, converging near Jhansi, and stretching in an arc east and west across the middle of the continent. 3· This immense territory, covering 78,2 19 square miles, contains 79 Geographical confusion of States States, Thakurats, etc., more or less independent. and Agencies. The larger of these are broken up into isolated parts, Gwalior and Indore, for instance, having territory in almost all the agencies into which Central India is politically divided; and this geographical confusion is aggr~vated by the fact that parts of Tonk and Jhalawar, States under the Raj. putana Agency, lie in Central India, while parts of Gwalior an'd Indore lie in Raj putana. 4· A census of certain selected areas in Malwa was taken by Sir John Sir John Malcolm's census, and Malcolm ahout 1820. This partial census will be the census of 1881. noticed hereafter, and an attempt will be made to compare its results with those of the census of 1891. But the census of 1881 was th.eJic$t systematic attempt to_~_I1.ll.1l}_~rClJe the population ot Central Irldia. ~y difficulties were e}\perienced in that census, for some of which inefficient administration wa.s responsible. This was largely due to the absence of geo. graphical homogeneity in the areas to be dealt with; to the country being split up into so many States, large and small; and to the intermixture already .referred to of States and Agencies. There were other difficulties as well: great trouble was met with in the enUl)leration of the Bhils in the south-west corner of the Agency and of the Kols, Gonds, etc., :in its eastern portion. In the latter the wildness and difficulty of the country, the want of means of internal com. munication, and til¥: apathetic indifference of the Durbars to the advantages to be derived from an accurate record of population, combined to make the enumeration difficult, and its results more or less untrustworthy. Chap. I.] CENSUS OF CENTRAL INDIA, 1891. 5. The report on the census operations of 1881 says:- "Sufficient has been Isaid to make it:clear that no accurate deductions can be drawn from, or statistics erected upon, the figures which the statements contain. It is, in short, not safe to regard them otherwise than as a rough estimate of the people, and the facts connected with their existence. Possibly, when the time occurs for taking another census, the introduction of improved communications, with a concomitant increased prosperity of the country, may have induced more advanced ideas of administration, and an ability to discern the numerous fiscal advantages to be gleaned from a correct record of all details affecting the population. Meanwhile, what we now have is not altogether useless j many facts have been collected which are either of interest or importance, and the figures will serve as a foundation, though only an imperfect one, on which to rear a more carefully constructed fabric hereafter; whilst for the Province as a whole, it is not unreasonable to suppose that inaccuracies, exaggerations, and diminutions may have, throughout the many States, in some measure corrected themselves, and brought out for the whole a more accurate total than the manner in, and the circumstances under, which the census was taken would justify our crediting." . It is to be acknowledged that the hope expressed by the writer of that report, that the census of 189 I would be a much better one than that of 188 I, have been in general fully realised. All the States have co-operated in the census as they would not have done had their rulers not been awake to the advantages to be derived from it j and it is worthy of particular note that Rewa, which in 188 I was characterised as " the most backward St~te in India," made in 1891 all its own~ census arrangements, b'Jth for cnumt:ratlotJ iii1d tht:: :subse quent tabulat~ returns, and carried them out with a degree of accuracy and des~·di which would have done credit to many districts in British India. SECTION H.-POLITICAL AGENCIES AND STATES IN CEN TRAL INDIA. 6. The following are the agencies, or political charges, into which Central India is divided: (I)-The Indore Agency, the districts immediately under the Agent to the Governor General, whose First Assistant holds, with regard to those districts,the position of a Political Agent. The Indore Agency comprises the City of Indore, seven Parganas of the Indore State (Mhow, Samwer, Khudel, Harsola, The Ingore Agency. Hatod, and Banganga) j the town of Dewas, and a considerable amount of adjoining Dewas territory j the Gwalior Parganas of Neori and Bhaurasa; the Thakurat of Bagli; and three other guaranteed Thakurats. The towns* and villages in the Indore Agency are as under :- State. Towns. Number of Villages. Indore • • I fldore City • • • Gautampura. Dew~ (SeHiol'») ~ .. 112 D€was Dewas (Junior), • . J . { IZ2 Bagli 55 Gwalior Parganas of N eori and' Bhaurasa 103 Mhow Cantonment. Indore Residency . • Of over 5,000 inhabitants. :a TABLE II. Variation in the enumerated population since last Census. NOTE.-In 1881 the compilation was by States and not, as in this Census, by Agencies. Many of the Central India States have territory in more than one Agency; and, as all the registers·of the 1881 Census have been destroyed, there are no figures 'available for com parison except in the case of the Baghelkhand Agency, none of the States under which have any outlying territory in other Agencies. 3 B 2 Table H.-Variation in the enumerated population-Central India. 0 t-.. <t- ~ ~~ .~ ~ 'C ~ ~... <Ii <:l\ ',,",.. <: .;; 0> ~ II! '!! t-. foo.. • • os- fIl ~ "... 0 ~ ::s l f'::: ~~ M ~ ~ ~ ct til ;1j C'I \() ~ \() ct.) R &:i ('1 0- ... 0- OS 'g ... ~ ~ ~ " " 01 Q) "" "'" a 0 ot- ~ fIl ~ .. .: • Q) 0 '"..; - 'J:: ... .... ... ~ .~ :. s:: ~ ."""fIl 0 =""" ... .~ ~ C'd .t::. ." .;; t-.. ~ '" -~ 0= ~ "'d Q) ('<) cc :g ~ ... ct.) ~ ~ "~ ~ t'i. ~ ~ "... IQ N N IQ~ C'd ... \() \().. :; 0 ~ ~ In 00 \() i Ol Q) '!! N 1 q_ ~ ~ ... ct.) .. .Q =S =Q) .. c C!. ,9 tr\ .8 -:;; .. ~ ... 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