I Konsepsi Kekuasaan Dalam Sistem Wilayatul Fakih

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I Konsepsi Kekuasaan Dalam Sistem Wilayatul Fakih KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM SISTEM WILAYATUL FAKIH MENURUT KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN T E S I S OLEH : HISBULLAH, S.H. Nomor Mhs. :11912741 BKU :HTN&HAN Program Studi :Ilmu Hukum PROGRAM MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM PROGRAM PASCASARJANA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA 2013 I KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM SISTEM WILAYATUL FAKIH MENURUT KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN TESIS HISBULLAH, S.H. Nomor Mhs. : 11912741 BKU : HTN & HAN Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Telah diperiksa dan disetujui oleh Dosen Pembimbing untuk diajukan kepada Tim Penguji dalam Ujian Akhir/Tesis Program Magister (S-2) Ilmu Hukum Pembimbing Dr. Drs. Muntoha, S.H., M.Ag. Yogyakarta, .......................... Mengetahui Ketua Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Dr. Ni’matul Huda, S.H., M.Hum. II KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM SISTEM WILAYATUL FAKIH MENURUT KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN Oleh : HISBULLAH, S.H. Nomor Mhs. :11912741 BKU :HTN & HAN Program Studi :Ilmu Hukum Telah diujikan dihadapan Tim Penguji dalam Ujian Akhir/Tesis dan dinyatakan LULUS pada Sabtu, 23 Februari 2013 Program Magister (S-2) Ilmu Hukum Pembimbing Dr. Drs. Muntoha, S.H., M.Ag. Yogyakarta, .......................... Penguji Moh. Hasyim, S.H. M.Hum. Yogyakarta, ........................... Penguji Ridwan, S.H., M.Hum. Yogyakarta, ........................... Mengetahui Ketua Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Dr. Ni’matul Huda, S.H., M.Hum. III Motto dan Persembahan Tuntutllah ilmu sampai kenegri Cina. Sekali badik tercabut pantang untuk disarungkan sebelum berdara Tesis ini saya persembahkan dengan tulus, ihlas dan hati yang suci kepada: Rasulullah, keluarganya, para sahabatya dan para pejuang Islam. Dengan perjuanganya yang ihlas, yang sampai hari ini Islam masi bisa memberikan jalan keselamatan dunia dan akhirat. Orang tua dan keluarga penulis, yang selalu mendoakan dan memberikan motifasi sehingga bisa menyelesaikan program pasca sarjana. Kepada istri penulis, yang memberikan motifasi, dan semagat sehingga penulisan ini bisa di selesaikan. Para guru dan dosen yang telah membimbing dan mengajar penulis. IV PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS Tesis dengan judul: KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM SISTEM WILAYATUL FAKIH MENURUT KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN Benar-benar karya dari penulis, kecuali bagian-bagian tertentu yang telah diberikan keterangan pengutipan sebagai etika akademis yang berlaku. Jika terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan karya penulis sendiria, maka penulis siap menerima sanksi sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan olen Program Pasca Sarjana Fakultas Hukum Unifersitas Islam Indonesia. Yogyakarta, 01 Maret 2013 Hisbullah. S.H. V KATA PENGANTAR ب سم الةل الر محن الرحمي Alhamdulillah puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. karena saya diberikan kesempatan dan kesehatan, untuk bisa menyelesaikan tesis berjudul konsepsi kekuasaan dalam sistem wilayatul fakih dalam konstitusi republik Islam Iran. Juga tak lupa kirimkan salam dan selawat kepada nabi, keluarga dan para sahabatya. Dengan jasa beliau memperjuangkan Islam sehingga masi bisa kita jadikan jalan agama Islam ini, dalam menghadapi kehidupan yang kompleks. Dalam penulisan tesis ini, walaupun mengalami banyak hambatan. Seperti refrensi yang terbatas, pengetahuan penulis yang terbatas dalam politik Islam. tetapi itu bukan menjadi halangan sehingga penyelesaian tesis ini bisa di selesaikan. Tak lupa kami ucapkan banyak terimakasi kepada pihak pihak yang telah membantu sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan kuliah pasca sarjana hukum dan menyelesaikan tesis ini. Yaitu antara lain: 1. Prof. Dr. Edi Suandi Hamid. H.EC. sebagai rektor UII, yang telah menyedikan fasilitas belajar sehingga pembelajaran pasca hukum angkatan 27 dapat terlaksana. 2. Dr. Rusli Muhammad. S.H., M.H. sebagai dekan fakultas hukum UII, sebagai fasilitator dan pengarah sehingga pembelajaran di fakultas hukum dapat di laksanakan. 3. Dr. Ni’matul huda, S.H., M. Hum. Sebagai direktur program pasca, juga sebagai dosen penulis. Atas kerja dan pemikiranya dalam pengembangan program pasca hukum UII. VI 4. Dr. Drs. Muntoha, S.H., M.Ag. sebagai pembimbing penulis, yang telah meluangkan waktunya untuk megoreksi tesis penulis dan memberikan arahan-arahanya sehingga tesis ini bisa diselesaikan. 5. Moh. Hasyim, S.H. M.Hum dan Ridwan, S.H., M.Hum. sebagai penguji penulis. Yang telah menguji penulis, dan memberikan masukan yang membangun. 6. Ust Safwan, sebagai guru dan orang tua di Jogjakarta. Atas motifasinya dan bimbinganya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tesis ini. 7. Kedua orang tua, kedua kakak penulis dan adik penulis. atas bantuan materil maupun non materil dan kasi sayangya dan doanya yang senantiasa tercurah. Sehingga memberikan kekuatan kepada penulis dapat menyelesaikan program pasca sarjana ini. 8. Kepada istri penulis, yang pengetikan tesis ini lebih dari separunya diketik oleh beliau. Atas motifasinya dan kasi sayangya, penulis bisa menyelesaikan program pasca sarjana ini. 9. Kepada teman-teman penulis, angkatan 27 pasca sarjana UII, teman-teman di Rausyan Fikr. Teman-teman di makassar. Sebagai parner dikusi dalam pengkajian Ilmu. Kepada yang belum sempat di sebutkan namanya, atas bantuan selama ini kami ucapkan banyak terimakasi. Di sadari penulis, bahwa penulisan ini tidak terlepas dari kekurangan, maka kritik dan saran yang sangat membangun sangat di butuhkan dalam pengembangan kedepan. Hisbullah S.H VII DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... I HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ............................................ II HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ..................................................... III PERSEMBAHAN DAN MOTTO ................................................................. IV KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... V DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. VIII DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... X ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... XI BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 9 C. Tujuan penelitian ............................................................................... 10 D. Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................ 10 E. Teori dan Doktrin ............................................................................... 14 1. Teori konstitus ............................................................................... 14 2. Sistem pemerintahan ..................................................................... 17 3. Teori kedaulatan ............................................................................ 22 4. Teori pembagian kekuasaan .......................................................... 23 F. Metode Penelitian .............................................................................. 25 1. Pendekatan penelitian .................................................................... 25 2. Objek penelitian ............................................................................ 25 3. Bahan Hukum ................................................................................ 26 4. Analisis Data ................................................................................. 27 BAB II KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM ISLAM A. Pandangan Dunia Kekuasaan ............................................................. 28 1. Pandangan Dunia Materi ............................................................... 31 2. Pandangan Dunia Ilahiah .............................................................. 33 B. Konsepsi Kekuasaan Islam ............................................................... 35 1. Sunni.............................................................................................. 40 2. Syi’ah ............................................................................................ 48 a. Konsep kekuasaan Imamah ...................................................... 53 b. Konsep Kekuasaan Pasca Gaibah Imam Mahdi ....................... 64 1. Akbariyya ............................................................................ 66 2. Ushuliyya ............................................................................. 68 a) Wilayatul Fakih Terbatas ................................................ 69 b) Wilayatul Fakih Mutlak .................................................. 70 c. Konsep kekuasaan Wilayatul Fakih ......................................... 71 VIII BAB III ASAL MULA TIMBULNYA KONSEPSI KEKUASAAN DALAM SISTEM WILAYATUL FAKIH PADA REPUBLIK ISLAM IRAN A. Sejarah Pemikiran Wilayatul Fakih 75 B. Pengertian, Dasar Dalil Hadis, Dasar Argumentasi Rasional Konsep Wilayatul Fakih .................................................................................. 78 1. Pengertian Wilayatul Fakih ........................................................... 78 2. Dalil Rasional ................................................................................ 79 3. Dalil Hadis..................................................................................... 84 C. Ayatullah Khomeini dan Dasar-dasar Pemikiran Politiknya Tentang Konsepsi Kekuasaan dalam Sistem Wilayatul Fakih......................... 86 1. Latar Belakang Keluarg
Recommended publications
  • Sufism in the Western History : a Primary Outline
    Sufism in the Western History : A Primary Outline Andrew Rawlinson University of Lancaster Abstract The phenomenon of Western Sufi teachers is unique, not just because of the individuals themselves, though they are certainly fascinating, but because of what they represent: the flowering of the Western genius, which has discovered Eastern traditions, absorbed them and in the process changed them and been changed by them. This paper is a primary outline of the main contours of this phenomenon, trying to brief its history and attempt an explanation of what it means. Keywords: Sufism, Western Sufism, Mysticism, History of Sufism Introduction About a century ago there were no Western gurus - no Westerners who were Hindu swamis, Zen roshis or Sufi sheikhs. Now there are hundreds. From a standing start, the West has produced its own spiritual teachers in traditions that were originally quite foreign. And in the last 25 years, a number of independent teachers have appeared, who belong to no tradition but teach from themselves. These people are changing Western culture by making available a view of the human condition which is new in the West. This view is based on four principles: - human beings are best understood in terms of consciousness and its modifications, - consciousness can be transformed by spiritual practice, - there are gurus/masters/teachers who have done this, - and they can help others to do the same by some form of transmission. Hundreds of thousands of Westerners now accept this teaching. To begin with, it was propounded by Easterners: Buddhists, Hindus and Sufis. But gradually Westerners began to teach the Buddhist, Hindu and Sufi versions of it.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibn Arabî and His Interpreters Part II: Influences and Interpretations
    1 [‘Ibn Arabî and His Interpreters,’ Part II-A. In Journal of the American Oriental Society, pp. 733-756. Part II-B appeared in JAOS vol. 107 (1987), pp. 101-119.] Ibn Arabî and His Interpreters Part II: Influences and Interpretations James Winston Morris Institute of Ismaili Studies, Paris SUMMARY: Part II of this article, to he concluded in JAOS 107.1, surveys some representative lines of interpretation and influence of Ibn ‘Arabî's work among subsequent Islamic mystics and thinkers (and their critics) as they are revealed in recent translations. Their comparison with Ibn ‘Arabî's own writings brings out (1) the intellectual and institutional conditions underlying the creative aspects of the Shaykh's work and accounting for its phenomenal spread; (2) important aspects of his writing and teaching often neglected by his later interpreters; and (3) the remarkable diversity, selectivity, and autonomous development of subsequent Sufi traditions as they transformed and adapted his works in light of their own concerns. This half deals with a famous treatise (by Balyânî) representing the "monistic" Sufism of Ibn Sab‘în (and its many critics); an interesting apocryphal work (actually by a later Qâdiri writer); the influential Persian works of Nasafî; and the decisive role of the metaphysically oriented teachings of Ibn ‘Arabî's disciple and son-in-law S. Qûnawî and his successors. INTRODUCTION Paraphrasing Whitehead's famous remark about Plato—and with something of the same degree of exaggeration—one could say that the history of Islamic thought subsequent to Ibn ‘Arabî (at least down to the 18th century and the radically new encounter with the modern West) might largely be construed as a series of footnotes to his work.
    [Show full text]
  • III. ULUSLARARASI SADREDDİN KONEVİ SEMPOZYUMU “Tasavvuf, Felsefe Ve Din”
    III. ULUSLARARASI SADREDDİN KONEVİ SEMPOZYUMU “Tasavvuf, Felsefe ve Din” III. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SADRADDIN QUNAWI “Sufism, Philosophy and Religion” BİLDİRİ ÖZETLERİ KİTABI ABSTRACTS BOOK 19 – 20 EKİM 2018 19-20 OCTOBER 2018 KONYA III. Uluslararası Sadreddin Konevi Sempozyumu “Tasavvuf, Felsefe ve Din” III. International Symposium on Sadraddin Qunawi Sufism, Philosophy and Religion SEMPOZYUM ONURSAL BAŞKANLARI Prof. Dr. Muzaffer ŞEKER (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Rektörü) Fatma TORU (Meram Belediyesi Başkanı) SEMPOZYUM BAŞKANLARI Prof. Dr. Erdal BAYKAN (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Prof. Dr. Bilal KUŞPINAR (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) SEMPOZYUM DÜZENLEME KURULU Prof. Dr. Mahmut Hakkı AKIN (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Bekir BİÇER (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Doç. Dr. Mehmet BİREKUL (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Faruk KARAASLAN (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Dr. Fatih KALECİ (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Arş. Gör. Ruhi Can ALKIN (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Arş. Gör. Yakup KALIN (Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi) Haluk YILMAZ (Meram Belediyesi Başkan Yarımcısı) Hacı KOYUNCU (Meram Bel. Kültür ve Sosyal İşler Müd.) SEMPOZYUM BİLİM KURULU Prof. Dr. Bilal KUŞPINAR (Necmettin Erbakan University) Prof. Dr. James W. MORRIS Boston College (USA) Prof. Dr. Leonard LEWISOHN University of Exeter (UK) Prof. Dr. Lynda CLARK University of Concorida, (Canada) Prof. Dr. Masataka TAKESHITA University of Tokyo (Japan) Prof. Dr. Mohammad Nur WAN DAUD University of Technology, Malaysia Prof. Dr. Omid SAFI Duke University, (USA) Prof. Dr. William C. CHITTICK Stony Brook Universty (USA) Dr. Anthony F. SHAKER McGill University (Canada) Stephen HIRTENSTEIN University of Oxford SEMPOZYUM DANIŞMA KURULU Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir BULUŞ Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Ali DURUSOY Marmara Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Bayram DALKILIÇ Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi III. Uluslararası Sadreddin Konevi Sempozyumu “Tasavvuf, Felsefe ve Din” Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Akbarī Hermeneutics in Shams Al-Dīn Al-Fanārī's Qur'an Commentary on the Chapter Al-Fātiḥa
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AKBARĪ HERMENEUTICS IN SHAMS AL-DĪN AL-FANĀRĪ’S QUR’AN COMMENTARY ON THE CHAPTER AL-FĀTIḤA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVINITY SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY HALIM CALIS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2018 Copyright © 2018 by Halim Calis All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii Note on Translation, Transliteration, and References ................................................................. viii INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER I: SHAMS AL-DĪN AL-FANĀRĪ: LIFE AND WORKS ........................................... 9 Brief Outline of the Historical Developments .......................................................................... 10 Fanārī’s Life Story.................................................................................................................... 12 Fanārī’s Works ......................................................................................................................... 36 CHAPTER II: ‘AYN AL-A‘YĀN:
    [Show full text]
  • Nazarî Tasavvuf Geleneğinin El Kitabı: Muhtevası Ve Tesirleri
    Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi - Cumhuriyet Theology Journal ISSN: 2528-9861 e-ISSN: 2528-987X CUID, June2017, 21 (1): 393-423 Nazarî Tasavvuf Geleneğinin El Kitabı: Muhtevası ve Tesirleri Bağlamında Sadreddin Konevî’nin Miftâḥu’l-ġayb’ı The Guide Book of Theoretical Tasawwuf: Sadr al-Din al-Qunawī’s Miftāḥ al-ghayb the Point of View of Its Content and Influences Betül Gürer Yrd. Doç. Dr., Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Tasavvuf Anabilim Dalı. Assistant Professor, Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Divinity, Department of Sufism. Konya / Turkey [email protected] ORCID IDorcid.org/0000-0002-1486-4358 Makale Bilgisi / Article Information Makale Türü / Article types: Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Geliş Tarihi / Received:31 Aralık/December 2016 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted:02 Mart/March 2017 Yayın Tarihi / Published: 15 Haziran/June 2017 Yayın Sezonu / Pub Date Season: Haziran/June Cilt / Volume: 21 Sayı – Issue: 1 Sayfa / Pages: 393-423 DOI:https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.282791 Atıf/Cite as:Gürer, Betül. “Nazarî Tasavvuf Geleneğinin El Kitabı: Muhtevası ve Tesirleri Bağlamın- da Sadreddin Konevî’nin Miftâḥu’l-ġayb’ı -The Guide Book of Theoretical Tasawwuf: Sadr al-Din al-Qunawī’s Miftāḥ al-ghaybthe Point of View of Its Content and Influences”. Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi - Cumhuriyet Theology Journal 21, no. 1 (June 2017): 393-423. doi: 10.18505/cuid.282791. İntihal /Plagiarism: Bu makale, en az iki hakem tarafından incelendi ve intihal içermediği teyit edildi. / This article has been reviewed by at least two referees and scanned via a plagiarism software. http://dergipark.gov.tr/cuid Copyright © Published by Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology, Sivas, 58140 Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Şerhu Mevâkıfi'n-Nifferî Bağlamında Afifüddîn Tilimsânî'nin
    Tuğba Görgün, Şerhu Mevâkıfi’n-Nifferî Bağlamında Afifüddin Tilimsânî’nin “Edep” Anlayışı Şerhu Mevâkıfi’n-Nifferî Bağlamında Afifüddîn Tilimsânî’nin “Edep” Anlayışı Tuğba Görgün1 Özet: Afîfüddîn Tilimsânî (ö. 690/1291) Muhyiddîn İbnü’l-Arabî’nin (ö. 638/1240) düşüncesini tâkip eden Ekberî ekolün önemli isimlerinden biridir. Tam adı Ebü’r-Rebî’ Afifüddîn Süleymân b. Şemseddîn Ali b. Abdillâh Kûmî Tilimsânî’dir. Afifüddîn Tilimsânî olarak bilinir. Cezayir’in Tilimsân şehrinde 610/1213 tarihinde doğmuştur. Tilimsânî’nin tasavvufî görüşlerinin genel anlamda ele alındığı eserinin Şerhu Mevâkıfi’n-Nifferî olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Genel olarak da Tilimsânî’nin eserlerinde el- Mevâkıf adlı eserin müellifi olan Abdülcebbâr Nifferî’nin (ö. 354/965) tahkîk tavrını benimsediği görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı müellifimiz tasavvufî konularda kendisi gibi Ekberî geleneğin temsilcilerinden farklı bir usûl ile problemleri incelemiştir. Tilimsânî’nin eserlerinde takip ettiği bu usûl, farklı boyutları olmakla beraber üç basamaklı olup ilim, mârifet ve mârifetin ötesi olan vakfeden oluşur. Bu çalışma, Tilimsânî’nin kendine özgü olarak oluşturduğu söz konusu üçlü tasniften yararlanarak, tasavvufun doğuş döneminden itibaren üzerinde önemle durulan edep kavramının manevî seyirdeki yerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışma Tilimsânî’nin belirli bir anlam çerçevesinde sıklıkla kullanılan bazı kavramları söz konusu bu anlam çerçevelerinin ötesinde ve kendine özgü bir sistem dâhilinde açıklamasını göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tasavvuf, Afîfüddîn Tilimsânî, Ekberiyye, Edep, Seyr u Sülûk. Afifuddin Tilimsani’s Understanding of Decency in the context of Sharh al Mavaqif an-Nifferî Abstract: Afifuddin Tilimsani (d. 690/1291) is one of the important names in the school of Akbarî that follows Muhyiddin Ibn al-Arabi (d. 638/1240). His full name is Abur-Rabi’Afifuddin Suleiman b.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spiritual Reformist Thought of the Amīr ʿabd Al-Qādir Al-Jazāʾirī in the Eyes of His Western Interpreters: a Critical Historiographical Review
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) Summer 8-1-2012 The pirS itual Reformist Thought of the Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī in the Eyes of his Western Interpreters: A Critical Historiographical Review Daanish Faruqi Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons Recommended Citation Faruqi, Daanish, "The pS iritual Reformist Thought of the Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī in the Eyes of his Western Interpreters: A Critical Historiographical Review" (2012). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 1030. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1030 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Program in Islamic and Near Eastern Studies The Spiritual Reformist Thought of the Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jazāʾirī in the Eyes of his Western Interpreters: A Critical Historiographical Review by Daanish Faruqi A thesis presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts August 2012 Saint Louis, Missouri Acknowledgements Completing this project would have been unfathomable without the generous support of several colleagues and mentors. First, I express my heartfelt thanks for the College of Arts and Sciences at Washington University and the Program in Jewish, Islamic, and Near Eastern Studies, for having financially supported me through my tenure in this MA program.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Istanbul Faculty of Theology
    UNIVERSITY OF ISTANBUL FACULTY OF THEOLOGY Istanbul Due to her geographic location, Istanbul has always been a settlement area from early ages onwards. And besides connecting the two continents, Europe and Asia, Istanbul has become a center where various cultures and religions are combined, surrived and succeeded each other. Istanbul of the day conforms the definition of a great city, not only with her population and the area she covers but also with the variety of cultures and ways of living. This cultural structure which enables a good number of elements that contradict with each other and yet exist together even one in another, is the produce of an accumulation of about one thousand years. Although first settlements in Istanbul were observed in prehistoric periods, continual settlements, however, have started in the colonial period. Foundations of Istanbul of our days were laid during recent periods of the Roman Empire. Byzantium and Ottoman periods are the most significant stages in the history of Istanbul. In both of these periods, Istanbul has preserved her features of being a political and religious center and has become the religious center of both, the Christianity and the Islam. Therefore, she was ornamented with many great monuments with different functions belonging to these two religions and cultures. The University of Istanbul One of the main characteristics of Istanbul University is its leadership in higher education for centuries. It has played a guiding and influential role in the social and cultural life of our country. We can clearly see this when we trace the line of historical development of the University.
    [Show full text]
  • Ode Mixing and Style Repertoire in Sufi Folk Literature of Urdu and Punjabi
    S ;ODE MIXING AND STYLE REPERTOIRE IN SUFI FOLK LITERATURE OF URDU AND PUNJABI °THESIS ' SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD-OF THE DEGREE OF IN ._ _ _ - ._ . COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES & CULTURE - BY RABIA NASIR UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. A.R. FATIHI CENTRE FOR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES & CULTURE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-202002 (INDIA) 2013 'wccsILc CENTRE FOR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES & CULTU Dated .............................. Cerfif i caste This is to certify that the thesis entitled "Code !Mi ing and Style pertoire in Sufi To( , Literature of 4Jrdu and tPunja6i" being submitted by 9rfs. cR¢6ia Nash' for the award of the (Degree of (Doctor of (Philosophy in Comparative Studies of Indian Languages aZ Culture. Entire research work has been carried out under my guidance and supervision and is original 'This thesis embodies the work of the candidate herself and to my knowledge, it contains her own of gina(workanct no part of this thesis was earlier submitted for the award of any degree to any other institute or university. It rs further added that she has completed the course workand has published a research paper in International journal of Advancement in ovf. A.VFatihi '4search eZ Technology ("o( 2, Issue 1, (Director January 2013) IJOJ4R`7 ISS_"V 2278-7763. She Centre for Comparative Study of has also made a pre-submission presentation. Indian Languages and Culture A%11V, math. (Supervisor) DI RECTO Centre for Comparative Sh. r ' of Indian Languages & Cc- B-2, Zakaut ah Roy — AMU. Aligarh-2'Pf' ; Acknowledgements All the praises and thanks are to Allah (The Only God and Lord of all).
    [Show full text]
  • Ibn 'Arabî and His Interpreters Part
    1 [© James W. Morris. This is an unrevised, scanned version of an article which has been published, with revisions and corrections, as indicated below. ‘Ibn Arabî and His Interpreters,’ Part II-B. Originally appeared in Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 107 (1987), pp. 101-119. Part II-A originally appeared in JAOS, vol. 106 (1986), pp. 733-756; and Part I in JAOS, vol. 106 (1986), pp. 539-551. If citing or distributing in any format, please include full reference to the actual corrected original publication. Thank you.] IBN ‘ARABI AND HIS INTERPRETERS PART II (CONCLUSION): INFLUENCES AND INTERPRETATIONS JAMES WINSTON MORRIS INSTITUTE OF ISMAILI STUDIES, PARIS Concluding our survey of major historical tendencies in the interpretation and reception of Ibn ‘Arabî’s writings in various traditions of later Islamic thought, as illustrated by recent translations and related studies, this final section deals with representative figures in the more philosophic ‘school’ founded by Qûnawî (Kâshânî, H. Âmulî, and Jîlî); in mystical poetry (Jâmî, ‘Irâqî, and others) and philosophy (Mullâ Sadrâ and his successors); and with the more recent Sufi writings of ‘Abd al-Qâdir al-Jazâ’irî, who recapitulates and integrates many of these traditions while returning to the spiritual sources and intentions underlying Ibn ‘Arabî’s own work and teaching. IV [Cont.] ‘Abd al-Razzâq al-Kâshânî (d. ca. 736/1335) has almost certainly been the most widely read (and cited) of these early interpreters of Ibn ‘Arabî, to such an extent that much of the subsequent discussion of ‘Ibn ‘Arabî’s’ thought and doctrine, whether in the Eastern Islamic world or in the modern West, can best be understood as in fact a reference to Kâshânî’s writings—especially where writers are expounding what they take to be Ibn ‘Arabî’s ‘system’ or philosophic ‘doctrine’ (e.g., of wahdat al-wujûd).72 In this regard, the modern attribution to Ibn 72 This is even true to a certain extent of T.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating ASUFI MASTER
    Celebrating ASUFI MASTER A Collectionof Works on the Occasionof the SecondInternational Symposium on Shah Nematollah Vali Sponsoredby: Universityof Leiden,The Netherlands October-2003 .\!rtuttgh Srtli Snit'tt'ltntnotas high ,stttnltnls ol .scholorshilt, utknov'lcdges aul ultprctialas nul .rptllings untlprottrtttciuliott.s ttsel b.t'uuthor,\ li(ii notutit)n sl.tit'.s.li.strclxtn( ics ii ltf)nui(ittlirttt,s und rturnt,.stutd Jttts lrusel on cut h uullurrs pt'otttttt(ieliott.\ ttgittn. l'iars crptt:s.sul in lubli<tttion.s ol Sinorgh Suli Srx iat.r'uta lho'sc ol thc autht t(I)rcs(nt tIto.scoI Sinorglt Su/i Stxiclt'. Celebrating A Sufi Master AIsoPttblished hy SimorghSufi Society The Teachingsof A Sufi Master By Dr. SeyedMostafa Azmayesh CelebratingA Sufi Master A Collectionof Works On the Occasionof the First InternationalSymposium on Shah Nematollah VaIi Celebrating A Sufi Master A Collectionof Works on the Occasionof the SecondInternational Symposium on ShahNematollah Vali Sponsoredby: University of Leiden The Netherlands October 2003 Contents Preface 9 Another Remembranceof ShahNematollah Vali . .. I I Dr. Nour 'AliTobondeh A Quatrain Attributed to Abu SaoidAbu al-Khayr Interpreted by ShahNematollah . 19 Dr. Seyed MostofoAzmoyesh Shah NematollahVali on Rind and Rindi . .... ... 26 Dr.Jonis Eshots Shah NematollahVali in Turkish Literature and the Appearanceof Nematollahisamong Ottoman Qalandaris . ..35 Dr.Mohmud Erol Kilig Principles:An Epistle by Shah NematollahVali 53 Tronslotionond commentsby Dr.Muhommod Legenhousen Hazrat Sultan'AliShahGonabadi T'heRenewer of the NematollahiOrder in lran . 69 Dr. ShohromPazouki ShahNematollah Vali: An Heir to two Mystical Literary Traditions . 84 Dr. Nosro//ohPouriovody ThreeNematollahi Shrines: An ArchitecturalStudv . ...... 92 Dr. Mehrdod Qayyoomi On Sufismand the "Social" I 13 Motthiisvon den Bos Comment a 6t6 gErEle Sanctuairede Shah-eVali? ..
    [Show full text]
  • Islam in World Cultures
    Islam in World Cultures Islam in World Cultures Comparative Perspectives Edited by R. MICHAEL FEENER Santa Barbara, California Denver, Colorado Oxford, England Copyright 2004 by R. Michael Feener All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Islam in world cultures : comparative perspectives / R. Michael Feener, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57607-516-8 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN 1-57607-519-2 (e-book) 1. Islam—21st century. 2. Islam and civil society. 3. Islam and state—Islamic countries. 4. Islamic countries—Civilization—21st century. I. Feener, R. Michael. BP161.3.I74 2004 297’.09—dc22 2004017397 08 07 06 05 04 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an e-book. Visit abc-clio.com for details. ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America For Mom and Dad, with love and gratitude Contents C o n t r i b u t o r s ,ix Islam in World Cultures Comparative Perspectives Chapter One I s l a m : H i s t o r i c a l I n t r o d u c t i o n a n d O v e r v i e w R.
    [Show full text]