Ancient & Medieval Indian & Tamilnadu History

Home , Avanti (Ancient India), Gandhara, Maratha Empire, Pandya Nadu, Tuluva Dynasty, Vajji

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Ancient & medieval Indian & Tamilnadu history Test no: 02

Group 2 syllabus - UNIT– IV: HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA (i) Indus valley civilization - Guptas, Delhi Sultans, Mughals and Marathas - Age of Vijayanagaram and Bahmani Kingdoms - South Indian history.

1. Consider the following statements regarding Political Organization during later Vedic times 1. The vidatha completely disappeared. 2. Sabha and Samiti were dominated by warriors and brahmanas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C In later Vedic times, the Rig Vedic tribal assemblies lost importance, and royal power increased at their cost. The vidatha completely disappeared; the sabha and samiti continued to hold their ground but their character changed. They were now controlled by chiefs and rich nobles, and women were no longer permitted to sit in the sabha which was now dominated by warriors and brahmanas.

2. Consider the following statements 1. Under the leadership of Churaman, Jats acquired control over territories situated to the west of the city of Delhi in late sixteenth century 2. Marathas were largely known for their endless military campaigns. 3. Marathas once controlled parts of present day Punjab and Rajasthan. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 2 only B. 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 2 and 3 only

Ans: D Like the other states the Jats consolidated their power during the late seventeenth and eighteenth-centuries. Under their leader, Churaman, they acquired control over territories situated to the west of the city of Delhi, and by the 1680s they had begun dominating the region between the two imperial cities of Delhi and Agra. For a while they became the virtual custodians of the city of Agra. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect. After raiding Delhi in 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded rapidly: into Rajasthan and the Punjab in the north; into Bengal and Orissa in the east; and

TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 02 into Karnataka and the Tamil and Telugu countries in the south. Hence Statement 3 is correct. Alongside endless military campaigns, the Marathas developed an effective administrative system as well. Once conquest had been completed and Maratha rule was secure, revenue demands were gradually introduced taking local conditions into account.Hence Statement 2 is correct.

3. Consider the following statements regarding administration during Gupta period 1. For the first time civil and criminal laws were clearly demarcated. 2. The guilds of artisans, merchants, and others were governed by their own laws. 3. The Gupta bureaucracy was more elaborate than that of the Mauryas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: A The Gupta bureaucracy was not as elaborate as that of the Mauryas. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. The most important officers in the Gupta empire were the kumaramatyas. They were appointed by the king in the home provinces and possibly paid in cash.

4. Consider the following statements regarding Kushans 1. The early Kushan kings issued numerous gold coins with a higher degree of metallic purity than is found in the Gupta gold coins. 2. Kanishka started an era in AD 78, which is now known as the Shaka era and is used by the Government of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C

5. Which of the following coin was in circulation during sangam age? A. Copper B. Gold C. Silver D. Bronze

Ans: A The copper coins were in circulation during sangam age. They were in square shape.

6. Consider the following statements 1. The hereditary succession to Delhi Sultanate was initiated by Iltutmish

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2. Muhammad bin Tughlaq had the unique distinction of being chosen as sultan by the nobles. 3. Firoz Tughlaq was the only Delhi Sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 2 and 3 only B. 1 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: B Iltutmish nominated his daughter Raziya as his successor. Thus the hereditary succession toDelhi Sultanate was initiated by Iltutmish. Hence Statement 1 is correct. After the death of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq in 1351, Firoz Tughlaq had the unique distinction of being chosen as sultan by the nobles. He appointed Khan-i- JahanMaqbal, a Telugu Brahmin convert as wazir (prime minister). The wazir helped the Sultan in his administration and maintained the prestige of the Sultanate during this period. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect. Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the only Delhi Sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education. Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.

7. i. The Cheras controlled the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu. ii. The pattinapalai speaks of eight Chera kings, their territory and fame. Which of the above statement/s is / are incorrect? A. i, ii B. ii alone C. i alone D. none of the above

Ans: B The Cheras controlled the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu. Vanji was their capital and the ports of the west coast, Musiri and Tondi, were under their control. The Patitrupathu speaks of eight Chera kings, their territory and fame. The inscriptions of Pugalur near Karur mention Chera kings of three generations.

8. Which among the following is/are identified as Kalabhra rulers in pulangurichi inscriptions? i. Chendan ii. Kurran iii. Chellirumporai A. i, ii B. i, iii C. ii, iii

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D. iii alone

Ans: A A group of inscriptions found at Pulangurichi in Sivagangai district datable to about the middle of the fifth century, name two kings. They are Chendan and Kurran. Though there is no mention about their family or dynasty name, some scholars identify them as Kalabhra rulers.

9. Consider the following statements regarding Fahien’s Visit 1. Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. 2. The main purpose of his visit was to see the land of the Buddha and to collect Buddhist manuscripts. 3. He was not interested in political affairs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: D The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II. Out of his nine years stay in India, he spent six years in the Gupta empire. He came to India by the land route through Khotan, Kashgar, Gandhara and Punjab. He visited Peshawar, Mathura, Kanauj, Sravasti, Kapilavastu, Kusinagara, Pataliputra, Kasi and Bodh Gaya among other places. He returnedby the sea route, visiting on the way Ceylon and Java. The main purpose of his visit was to see the land of the Buddha and to collect Buddhist manuscripts from India. He stayed in Pataliputra for three years studying Sanskrit and copying Buddhist texts.

10. With reference to medieval Indian rulers, which one of the following statement is correct? A. Alauddin Khalji first set up a separate ariz's department. B. Balban introduced the branding of horses in his military. C. Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his uncle to the military. D. Firoz Tughlaq set up a separate department of slaves.

Ans: D Firoz Tughlaq set up a separate department of slaves known as 'Diwan-i- Bandagan'. Mohd Bin Tughlaq was succeeded by his cousin (not uncle) Firoz Tughlaq. AlauddinKhalji introduced the branding system of horses in his military.

11. The Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were taxes conceived during the times of A. Jahangir B. Shivaji C. Balaji Bajirao D. Madhavrao

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Ans: B Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were taxes conceived during the times of the Shivaji Maharaj. 'Chauth' means basically 1/4th i.e 25% of gross revenue or produce to be paid to jagirdars of Maratha Empire from hostile or alien state. In return the state paying the tax would get an assurance of non-aggression from the Maratha army against the enemy state. 'Sardeshmukhi' is an additional 10% tax levied upon the collected 'Chauth'. The reasons for the additional tax was due to the King claiming hereditary rights upon the tax collection.

12. I. Pathinen Kilkanakku texts mostly deal with ethics and moral codes. II. The most important of Patinen Kilkanakku texts are Thirukkural, and Naladiyar. Which of the above statement/s is / are correct? A. I, II B. I C. II D. None of the above

Ans: A Patinen Kilkanakku texts, which are post-Sangam works, include eighteen texts, which mostly deal with ethics and moral codes. The most important of them are Thirukkural, and Naladiyar.

13. The bustling trading activity during the rule of Karikalan is given by______A. Pattinapalai B. Tholkapiyum C. Naladiyar D. Patitrupathu

Ans: A Pattinappalai, composed by the poet Katiyalur Uruttirankannanar, offers elaborate descriptions of the bustling trading activity here during the rule of Karikalan.

14. Which of the following food grains were found extensively in Harappan civilization 1. Wheat 2. Barley 3. Rice 4. Chickpea Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 2, 3 and 4 only C. 1, 2 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: C

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The Harappans ate a wide range of plant and animal products, including fish. Archaeologists have been able to reconstruct dietary practices from finds of charred grains and seeds. These are studied by archaeo-botanists, who are specialists in ancient plant remains. Grains found at Harappan sites include wheat, barley, lentil, chickpea and sesame. Millets are found from sites in Gujarat. Finds of rice are relatively rare. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

15. Consider the following statements 1. The first to invade India were the Greeks, who are called the Indo-Greeks. 2. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander. 3. Menander was converted to Buddhism by Harisena. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: A The first to invade India were the Greeks, who are called the Indo-Greeks orIndo- Bactrians. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander (165–45 BC), also known as Milinda. He had his capital at Sakala (modern Sialkot) in the Punjab. He was converted to Buddhism by Nagasena, who is also known as Nagarjuna. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. Menander asked Nagasena many questions relating to Buddhism. These questions and Nagasena’s answers were recorded in the form of a book known as Milinda Panhoor (the Questions of Milinda.)

16. Consider the following statements socio-cultural condition of Medieval India 1. Weavers such as the Saliyar emerged as prosperous communities, making donations to temples in medieval times. 2. The Mahanavami festival was one of the most important festivals celebrated at Hampi. 3. Surat in Gujarat was the emporium of western trade during the Mughal period. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 2 and 3 only B. 1 only C. 2 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: D

17. Who among the following was mentioned as satiyaputra in Ashoka’s inscription? A. Athiyamans B. Cholas C. Pandya D. Cheras

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Ans: A Athiyamans, mentioned as Satiyaputra in the Ashoka inscriptions, became weak and did not attain the status of kings like the Chola, Pandya and Chera vendar.

18. Consider the following statements regarding tawarikh written during Delhi Sultans 1. It was written in Urdu. 2. Tawarikh were normally written by secretaries and administrators Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: B Although inscriptions, coins and architecture provide a lot of information, especially valuable are “histories”, tarikh(singular)/tawarikh(plural), written in Persian, the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

19. Which of the following scripts were used in Ashokan inscriptions 1. Brahmi script 2. Kharosthi script 3. Aramaic scripts 4. Greek scripts Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 2, 3 and 4 only C. 1, 2 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: D Ashokan inscriptions have been found in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Altogether, they appear at 47 places, and the total number of versions is 182 including two edicts which are considered spurious.

20. Consider the following statements 1. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the TomaraRajputs. 2. Raziyya was the only women ruler of Delhi Sultanate 3. Chengiz Khan attacked India during the times of Qutbuddin Aibak Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 1 and 3 only

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Ans: C Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs, who were defeated in the middle of the twelfth century by theChauhans (also referred to as Chahamanas) of Ajmer. Hence statement 1 is correct. It was under the Tomaras and Chauhans that Delhi became an important commercial centre. Many rich Jaina merchants lived in the city and constructed several temples. During the first ten years of Iltutmish reign he concentrated on securing his throne from his rivals. In the meantime, Temujin popularly known as Chengiz Khan, the leader of the Mongols started invading Central Asia. He defeated Jalaluddin Mangabarni, the ruler of Kwarizam. Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

21. The author of Pattinappaalai, Kadiyalur Uruttirangannanar, belonged to A. 2nd Century BC B. 1st century BC C. 8th century BC D. 1st century AD

Ans: A

22. Consider the following statements regarding Maurya dynasty 1. The Maurya dynasty was founded by Chandragupta Maurya. 2. The machinations of Chanakya against Chandragupta’s enemies are described in detail in the Mudrarakshasa, a play written by Vishakhadatta. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C The Maurya dynasty was founded by Chandragupta Maurya, who seems to have belonged to an ordinary family. According to the brahmanical tradition, he was born of Mura, a shudra woman in the court of the Nandas. The machinations of Chanakya against Chandragupta’s enemies are described in detail in the Mudrarakshasa, a play written by Vishakhadatta in the ninth century. In modern times, several plays have been based on it.

23. In Harappan civilization, water reservoirs were found at A. Harappa B. Mohenjodaro C. Shortughai D. Dholavira

Ans: D

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Most Harappan sites are located in semi-arid lands, where irrigation was probably required For agriculture. Traces of canals have been found at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan, but not in Punjab or Sind. It is possible that ancient canals silted up long ago. It is also likely that water drawn from wells was used for irrigation. Besides, water reservoirs found in Dholavira (Gujarat) may have been used to store water for agriculture. Hence, option (d) is correct.

24. The present day Karur Comes under which region? A. Chozha Nadu B. Chera Nadu C. Thondai nadu D. Pandya nadu.

Ans: B Chera Nadu - Comprised Malayalam-speaking regions and Tamil districts of Coimbatore, Nilgiris, Karur, Kanniyakumari and Some parts of present Kerala. Chola Nadu - Present-day Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagai, Trichy and Pudukkottai districts. Pandya Nadu - Erstwhile composite Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai Thuthukkudi and Tirunelveli. Thondai Nadu - Present-day Kancheepuram, Dharmapuri, Tiruvallur, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore and northern parts of Villupuram districts.

25. Consider the following statements regarding the administration of British Rule: 1. The mansabdar’s military responsibilities required him to maintain a specified number of Sawar or cavalrymen. 2. Most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C Indian Muslims, Afghans, Rajputs, Marathas and other groups. Those who joined Mughal service was enrolled as mansabdars. The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a position or rank. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix (1) rank, (2) salary and (3) military responsibilities. Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called zat. The higher the zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s position in court and the larger his salary. The mansabdar’s military responsibilities required him to maintain a specified number of sawar or cavalrymen. The mansabdar brought his cavalrymen for review, got them registered, their horses branded and then received money to pay them as salary. Most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs.

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26. Consider the following statements regarding urban planning during Harappan periods: 1. The Citadel owes its height to the fact that buildings were constructed on mud brick platforms. 2. Both the Citadel and the Lower Town were walled. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C The Citadel owe sits height to the fact that buildings were constructed on mud brick platforms. It was walled, which meant that it was physically separated from the Lower Town. The Lower Town was also walled. Several buildings were built on platforms, which served as foundations. It has been calculated that if one labourer moved roughly a cubic metre of earth daily, just to put the foundations in place it would have required four million person-days, in other words, mobilizing labour on a very large scale.

27. Consider the following statements regarding Ajatasatru 1. He is said to have met Gautama Buddha. 2. The scene is depicted in the sculptures of Barhut. 3. He was instrumental in convening the First Buddhist Council. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: D Ajatasatru(494 - 462 B.C.) The reign of Ajatasatru was remarkable for his military conquests. He fought against Kosala and Vaisali. His won a great success against a formidable confederacy led by the Lichchavis of Vaisali. This had increased his power and prestige. This war lasted for about sixteen years. It was at this time that Ajatasatru realised the strategic importance of the small village, Pataligrama (future Pataliputra). He fortified it to serve as a convenient base of operations against Vaisali. Buddhists and Jains both claim that Ajatasatru was a follower of their religion. But it is generally believed that in the beginning he was a follower of Jainism and subsequently embraced Buddhism. He is said to have met Gautama Buddha. This scene is also depicted in the sculptures of Barhut. According to the Mahavamsa, he constructed several chaityas and viharas. He was also instrumental in convening the First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha soon after the death of the Buddha.

28. Match the Following.

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1. Pandya Nadu - a. sorudaithu (rice in abundance). 2. Thondai Nadu - b. muthudaithu (pearls in abundance). 3. Chera Nadu - c. vezhamudaithu (elephants in abundance). 4. Chozha Nadu - d. Saandrorudaithu (scholars in abundance) A. ABCD B. BDCA C. ACBD D. BADC

Ans: B Chola Nadu - sorudaithu (rice in abundance). Pandya Nadu - muthudaithu (pearls in abundance). Chera Nadu - vezhamudaithu (elephants in abundance). Thondai Nadu - Saandrorudaithu (scholars in abundance)

29. Consider the Following. 1) Poompuhar was an Educational centre. 2) Madurai was a trading town. 3) Kanchi was a Port. A. All are true. B. Only 2 is True C. Only 1 and 2 is true. D. Only 3 is true.

Ans: B Poompuhar was a port. Madurai was a trading town. Kanchi was an educational centre.

30. Consider the following statements: 1. During the seventeenth century two new crops, namely, tobacco and maize were introduced in India. 2. Salt and sugar were way cheaper and Ghee and oil were more expensive. 3. The Coramandal coast became a centre of textile production Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 3 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 3 only D. None

Ans: C It might be due to high cost of leather. Rice, millets and pulses were the staple food of the common people. Fish was popular on the coastal region. While ghee and oil were cheaper, salt and sugar were more expensive. As plenty of cattle were kept by the rural people, milk and milk products were available in plenty. Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

31. Which of the following Harappan sites are located in India 1. Amri

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2. Mitathal 3. Banawali 4. Harappa Select the correct answer using the code given below A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Ans: C Amri and Harappa are located in Pakistan. Hence, option (c) is correct.

32. Consider the following statements regarding Battle of Ten Kings 1. It was fought on the river Parushni. 2. It was the battle that the Bharatas fought with the host of ten chiefs, all of them being non- Aryan people. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: A

33. Which of the following title is hailed by Cheran? A. Adhavan B. Vanavan C. Kuttuvan D. All the above

Ans: D The Titles Assumed by cheras are Adhavan, Kuttuvan, Vanavan, Irumporai. The Titles Assumed by Cholas are Senni, Sembiyan, Killi, Valavan.

34. Consider the following statements regarding Harappan script 1. Most inscriptions are long. 2. The script was written from right to left. 3. The script has too many signs – somewhere between 375 and 400. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: C

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An enigmatic script Harappan seals usually have a line of writing, probably containing the name and title of the owner. Scholars have also suggested that the motif(generally an animal) conveyed a meaning to those who could not read. Most inscriptions are short, the longest containing about 26 signs. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. Although the script remains undeciphered to date, it was evidently not alphabetical (where each sign stands for a vowel or a consonant) as it has just too many signs –somewhere between 375 and 400. It is apparent that the script was written from right to left as some seals show a wider spacing on the right and cramping on the left, as if the engraver began working from the right and then ran out of space.

35. Consider the following statements regarding Mahajanapadas 1. Early Buddhist and Jaina texts mention sixteen states known as Mahajanapadas. 2. Some Mahajanapadas, known as ganas or sanghas, were oligarchies. 3. Both Mahavira and the Buddha belonged to such ganas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3

Ans: D The sixteen mahajanapadas Early Buddhist and Jaina texts mention, amongst other things, sixteen states known as mahajanapadas. Although the lists vary, some names such as Vajji, Magadha, Koshala, Kuru, Panchala, Gandhara and Avanti occur frequently. Clearly, these were amongst the most important mahajanapadas.

36. Which of the following statement is correct regarding Sangam period? 1) The kingship was hereditary. The king was called Ko. 2) The Youngest son of the reigning king generally succeeded to the throne A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: A The kingship was hereditary. The king was called Ko. It is the shortened form of Kon. Vendan, Kon, Mannan, Kotravan and Iraivan were the other titles by which the king was addressed. The eldest son of the reigning king generally succeeded to the throne.

37. Which of the following statement is correct? 1) The political condition of India in the fourteenth century provided great opportunities for the rise of new kingdoms in the south 2) The repressive measures of the temperamental Muslim king Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq led to the rise of many new independent states

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A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: C The political condition of India in the fourteenth century provided great opportunities for the rise of new kingdoms in the south. The repressive measures of the temperamental Muslim king Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq led to the rise of many new independent states. In the south, Vijayanagar and Gulbarga or Bahmani emerged as two great kingdoms.

38. Consider the following statements regarding Hoysalas 1. An elite and well-trained force of bodyguards known as Garudas protected the members of the royal family at all times 2. Hoysala capital Halebidu was sacked by Malik Kafur Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: C

39. Which of the following goods were exported to Rome 1. Iron goods 2. Spices 3. Wine 4. Lead Select the correct answer using the code given below A. 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2and 4 only

Ans: A In return for the articles exported by India to the Roman Empire, the Romans exported to India wine, wine-amphorae, and various other types of pottery which were discovered in excavations at Tamluk in West Bengal, Arikamedu near Pondicherry, and at several other sites in south India. Sometimes Roman goods travelled as far as Guwahati. Lead, which was used for making coins by the Satavahanas, seems to have been imported from Rome in the form of coiled strips. Hence, statement 3 and 4are incorrect.

40. Which of the following is in Chronological order? A. Sangama, Tuluva, Saluva, Aravidu B. Aravidu, Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva

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C. Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu D. Sangama, Aravidu, Saluva, Tuluva

Ans: Explanation Four dynasties, namely Sangama (1336–1485), Saluva (1485–1505), Tuluva (1505– 1570) and Aravidu (1570–1646), ruled Vijayanagar kingdom

41. Consider the following statements regarding Satavahana kings 1. The names of Satavahana rulers were derived from that of the mother. 2. The succession to the throne was generally matrilineal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: A In the case of the Satavahanas we know that succession to the throne was generally patrilineal. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

42. Rudrama Devi, one of the few queens in the Indian History, belongs to which of the following dynasty? A. Kakatiya Dynasty B. Rashtrakutas C. Cheras D. Pandyas

Ans: A About Kakatiya Dynasty The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty whose capital was Orugallu, now known as Warangal. It was eventually conquered by the Delhi Sultanate. The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime, before the Musunuri Nayaks brought stability to the region

43. Which among the following statement is correct? 1) Saluva dynasty founded by Saluva Narasimha came to an end with his death. 2) Naras Nayaka, his able general, seized power, it ushered in the Tuluva dynasty. A. 1 alone B. 2 alone C. 1, 2 D. None

Ans: C Saluva dynasty founded by Saluva Narasimha came to an end with his death. When Naras Nayaka, his able general, seized power, it ushered in the Tuluva dynasty.

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44. Vikramankadevacharita was written by A. Atula B. Sandhyakara Nandi C. Bilhana D. Kalhana

Ans: C Bilhana’s Vikramankadevacharit counts the achievements of his patron, Vikramaditya VI (1076–1127), the Chalukya king of Kalyan.

45. Which of the following travellers visited Vijayanagar Kingdom? 1. Ibn Battuta 2. Nicolo de Conti 3. Abdur Razzak Select the correct answer using the code given below A. 1 and 3 only B. 2 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. None

Ans: C All the above personalities have visited Vijayanagar Kingdom. Many foreign travellers visited the Vijayanagar Empire and their accounts are also valuable. The Moroccan traveller, Ibn Battuta, Venetian traveller Nicolo de Conti, Persian traveller Abdur Razzak and the Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes were among them who left valuable accounts on the socio-economic conditions of the Vijayanagar Empire.