2Nd Year (2).Docx
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 A.D.)
26 February, 2021 Inscription on Krishnadevraya’s death (of Vijayanagar) discovered The first-ever epigraphical reference to the date of death of Vijayanagar king Krishnadevaraya has been discovered at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district. As per the inscription, Krishnadevaraya, one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled from the South, died on October 17, 1529, Sunday, and incidentally this day was marked by a lunar eclipse. The inscription (written in Kannada) is engraved on a slab kept on the north side of the Gopalakrishna temple at Honnenahalli in Tumakuru district. It records the demise of K?ish?ad?var?ya — (V?rak?ish?ar?ya mah?r?yalu y? tath? tithiyalu astamayar?galu)_ in ?aka 1451, Vir?dhi, ?u. 15, lunar eclipse, which corresponds to 1529 AD, October 17, Sunday, according to Prof. Munirathnam. The inscription also registers gift of village Honnenahalli in Tumakuru for conducting worship to the god Veeraprasanna Hanumantha of Tumakuru. The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 A.D.) Harihara and Bukka are the founders of the Vijayanagar City in 1336 A.D. on the southern banks of Tungabhadr. They made Hampi as the capital city. Hampi is on the banks of Tungabhadra River. They served under Vira Ballala III, the Hoysala King Vijayanagar Empire was ruled by four important dynasties and they are: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, Aravidu and Harihara I. In 1336 A.D. Harihara I became the ruler of Sangama Dynasty. He captured Mysore and Madurai. In 1356 A.D. Bukka-I succeeded him Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529 A.D.) Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty was the most famous king of the Vijayanagar Empire According to Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller “Krishnadeva Raya was the most feared and perfect king there could possibly be”. -
Review of Research Issn: 2249-894X Impact Factor : 5.2331(Uif) Volume - 7 | Issue - 3 | December – 2017
Review Of ReseaRch issN: 2249-894X impact factOR : 5.2331(Uif) vOlUme - 7 | issUe - 3 | DecemBeR – 2017 DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURE OF TULUVA DYNASTY Dr. Mahesh K. Assistant Professor of History Govt. First Grade College Mariyammanhalli.Tq.Hospete, DIST.Bellary ABSTRACT: Investigation of connection among engineering and political belief systems is done in numerous pieces of the world. The ebb and flow research paper inspects how "Structure" and "Space" as compositional components of hallowed design of Hampi represent the regal power or philosophy. It presents writing investigation of the relationship of Hampi's history, craftsmanship and design. It likewise incorporates site investigations of Hampi's landmarks concentrating on hallowed focal point of Hampi. It uncovers components of "structure making" and "space making" of the sanctuaries that were utilized by the rulers to speak to imperial power and their belief systems. It advances that sanctuaries assumed a significant job in building up the structure of the city and in the organization of Vijaynagar tradition. The paper reasons that the key area of Hampi along the waterway Tungabhadra in the sloping reach, the critical area of the holy community, the great scope, central components utilized, focal yards, itemizing, models of Virupakshi and Vithalla sanctuary edifices demonstrate that the rulers utilized these to speak to regal power and their belief systems. KEYWORDS: Political Ideologies, Temple Architecture, Sacred centre of Hampi. INTRODUCTION: The connection among design and legislative issues has been continually interwoven and well demonstratedhroughout the hundreds of years. Investigation of collaboration among engineering and legislative issues has been held in numerous pieces of the world. -
Short Studies in Indian History the VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE
1 Short Studies In Indian History The VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE by Dewan Bahadur C. S. Srinivasachari, M.A. THE NATIONAL INFORMATION & PUBLICATION Ltd. BOMBAY 2 This was first Prlnted and Published in 1950by Kusum Nair for The National Information & Publcations Ltd., 6, Tulloch Road, Apollo Bunder. Bombay 1, at their own Press at the same address. It is being brought back to e-book format in memory of Prof.C.S.Srinivasachari by VenuGopalaswamy Educational Trust ( VGET ) – Hosur , Tamilnadu, India in 2011 The great Vijayanagar empire existed in full vigour for the best part of three centuries from its foundation in 1336 A.D. It was the chief instrument for the preservation of the political independence from Muslim aggression and for the natural and unfettered development of South Indian culture in all its phases. The greatness of the kingdom can easily be gauged from the magnificence and wealth of its capital, the city of Vijayanagar, which is testified to by the travellers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the ruins of which even now excite our admiration by their grandeur and extensiveness. This empire and its wealth of output remained totally unknown till about half a century ago. Since then the researches of scholars have brought forth a wonderful harvest of history which is attempted to be reflected in a small compass in this booklet. Dewan Bahadur Professor C. S. Srinivasachari, M.A., is the author of another booklet in this series, entitled Social and Religious Movements in the Nineteenth Century. Contents : 1. FOUNDATIONS AND BEGINNINGS - THE SANGAM DYNASTY............ 3 - 10 2. -
The Rationality of Politics and Power in Vijayanagar
“As a sapphire . to the blades of grass”: THE RATIONALITY OF POLITICS & POWER IN VIJAYANAGAR Azim Barodawala The Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania A THESIS Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts April 2007 Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Aditya Behl TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements: ........................................................................................................................ 4 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 II. The Historical Context and Its Importance ............................................................................. 9 III. Review of Scholarship .......................................................................................................... 11 IV. “Decoding” the Narratives: Tensions and Biases ................................................................. 13 V. The Game: Politics, Succession, and Loyalty in Vijayanagar .............................................. 20 The Context and Goal ....................................................................................................... 20 The Fundamental Challenge: Succession ......................................................................... 21 The Strategy: Mutual Dependence and Loyalty ............................................................... 22 VI. The Players: Kings, Ministers, and Courtiers ...................................................................... -
![Vijayanagara Empire [Medieval Indian History Notes for UPSC]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/0464/vijayanagara-empire-medieval-indian-history-notes-for-upsc-2290464.webp)
Vijayanagara Empire [Medieval Indian History Notes for UPSC]
NCERT Notes: Vijayanagara Empire [Medieval Indian History Notes For UPSC] Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka and the reign was from 1336 A.D to 1646 A.D. This article gives all the relevant information about the Vijayanagara Empire for the upcoming UPSC 2020 exam. By the end of the Sultanate Period, Multan and Bengal were the first territories to break away from the Delhi Sultanate and declare independence and many other territories in the Deccan region rose to power. The Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1646 A.D.) ● Harihara and Bukka are the founders of the Vijayanagar City in 1336 A.D. on the southern banks of Tungabhadra ● They made Hampi the capital city. ● They served under Vira Ballala III, the Hoysala King Vijayanagar Empire was ruled by four important dynasties and they are: 1. Sangama 2. Saluva 3. Tuluva 4. Aravidu Harihara I ● In 1336 A.D. Harihara I became the ruler of Sangama Dynasty ● He captured Mysore and Madurai. ● In 1356 A.D. Bukka-I succeeded him Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529 A.D.) ● Krishnadeva Raya of the Tuluva dynasty was the most famous king of the Vijayanagar Empire ● According to Domingo Paes, a Portuguese traveller “Krishnadeva Raya was the most feared and perfect king there could possibly be”. Krishnadeva Raya‘s Conquests ● He conquered Sivasamudram in 1510A.D and Raichur in 1512A.D ● In 1523 A.D. he captured Orissa and Warangal ● His empire extended from the river Krishna in the north to River Cauvery in the south; the Arabian Sea in the west to Bay of Bengal in the east His Contributions ● An able administrator. -
Unit Iii: Vijaynagar Administration and Socio-Cultural Aspects
UNIT III: VIJAYNAGAR ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS: ADMINISTRATION: A. Vijanagar empire: The Empire was divided for administrative purposes into several provinces such as rajya, mandala and chavadi, which again was sub-divided into venthe- A territorial division higher than a nadu, nadu- A territorial division higher than a village, sima- A portion of land comprising several fields village and sthala- A territorial division higher than a parru, which was again higher than a nadu. According to H. Krishna Shastri, the empire was divided into six provinces. Each province was under a viceroy, nayaka or naik, who might be a member of the royal house or an influential noble of the State, or some descendents of the old ruling families. Each viceroy exercised civil, military and judicial powers within his jurisdiction, but he was required to submit regular accounts of the income and expenditures of his charge to the central government and render it military aid in times of need. Further he was liable to severe punishment by the king if he proved to be a traitor or oppressed the people, and his estate could be confiscated to the state if he made default in sending one-third of his income to the king. Though the naik were severe in raising revenue from the people, they were not unmindful of the beneficial work like the encouragement of agriculture, the plantation of new villages, protection of religion and erection of temples and other buildings. The amara-nayaka system: the ‘amara’ is believed to have been derived from a Sanskrit word samara, meaning battle or war. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Ravi Korisettar, UGC Emeritus Fellow Karnatak University, Dharwad. Onkar Tendulkar Virasat E Hind Foundation. Bombay. Ravi Korisettar Karnatak University, Dharwad. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Art and Architecture of India Module Name/Title Vijayanagara School of Architecture (Outside Hampi) Module Id IC / AAI / 07 Pre requisites Understanding the features of Vijayanagara empire’s Objectives architecture with examples from outside Hampi Dravida school of temple architecture, Vijayanagara, Penukonda, Chandragiri, Gingee, Varadaraja Perumal, Keywords Kanchipuram, Tadipatri, Kolar, Shringeri, Lepakshi, Gandikota, Vellore E-text (Quadrant-I) : 1. General Architectural Features of Vijayanagara Architecture Style: Sky soaring gopuras at the entrance of the temple known as Raya Gopuras. Concentrated on building temple complexes instead of stand-alone temples. Major temples often had long bazar streets along the main approach road and also a pushkarni (stepped well) close by for the fetching water for various uses in temple activities. Addition of kalyana mandapa to the newly built as well as existing temple complexes. Kalyana mandapas were vast halls with flat roofs supported by a number of pillars and used during annual festivities of marriage between the god and his consort. Presence of a separate Devi0Amma shrine- usually to the north-west of the garbhagriha of main temple. Usage of various types of pillars such as double pillars, composite pillars, round pillars etc. most famous of these pillars being the musical pillars present in the temples of Hampi. Pushpapotika- the inverted lotus flower bud shaped pillar brackets. -
Krishnadevaraya and His Political Theory of Vijayanagara
A new imperial idiom in the sixteenth century: Krishnadevaraya and his political theory of Vijayanagara Velcheru Narayana Rao David Shulman Sanjay Subrahmanyam Introduction The 1510s were a busy time – though perhaps not unusually so -- in the military life of the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya (r. 1509-1529).1 The early years of his reign had seen this ruler, son of the great Tuluva warlord Narasa Nayaka, and his younger wife Nagaladevi, preoccupied first with wars to the north, and then in campaigns to the south-east against the Sambuvarayars. But from about 1514, a series of campaigns took him to the distant north-east, where he managed to extend his domains considerably, as far as the Godavari river and its delta. Inscriptions such as an entire series on the second prākāra of the Tirumalai temple inform us that this ruler, described by an elaborate title which includes the interesting epithet Yavanarājya-sthāpanācārya – ‘the lord who established the kingdom of the Muslims’ – set out in about 1514 from his capital of Vijayanagara on ‘an eastern expedition’, and went on to capture not only Udayagiri, but such centres as Addanki, Vinukonda and Nagarjunakonda, to say nothing of the great fort of Kondavidu, where we learn that he ‘laid siege to it, erected square sheds around the fort, demolished the rampart walls, occupied the citadel [and] captured alive Virabhadraraya, son of Prataparudra Gajapatideva’.2 He then made further substantial inroads into the kingdom of the Gajapati rulers of Orissa, captured a number of members of the Gajapati family as well as subordinate rulers (pātra-sāmantas and manneyars), but released them and having given them ‘an assurance of safety for their lives’, eventually returned to the city of Vijayanagara. -
II HISTORICAL DACKGROUND ANDHRA DESA, Like
CllAl’TER - II HISTORICAL DACKGROUND ANDHRA DESA, like many uthor parts uf lindia, has been a continuus human inhabitation since prehist(jric limes, as attested by the lithic imple ments, artefacts, utensils and the personal belongings of the deceased\ persons found in the explorations and discovered in the later megalithic burials opened at the sites like Kurnool. Yolcswaram, Nagarjunakonda, Dharanikola, Peddabankur a n d Kondapur. Further, Andhras as a race have been found recorded, earliest in AITAREYA URAllMANA (AD-VII-8) datable to C.600 BC, followed in the works like CHANDOGYA UPANISHAD, APASTHAMBHA GRHYASUTItA, MAHABIIARATllA. HARIVAMSA PURANA, SUTTANIPATA. SERIVANIJA JATAKA AND THE LIKE. Megasthanese's INDICA refers to Andhra to be a territory comprising many villages, 30 fortified towns and an army consisting of 1,00,000 elephants. The 13lh Major Rock Edict of Ashoka refers to Andhra as the bordering land of the empire. However, excluding the literary eviden ces, in the absence of any historical data, a fair account of Andhras begins / with the emergence of Satavahanas as a distinct political dynasty, having ruled for about two and half centuries. A brief account of the important political dynasties referred to in the inscriptions under study, to the extent needed for the present work, is as follows: Controversies over the chrono- j logy and the genaeology of the dynasties and the rulers have been left undiscussed. SATAVAHANAS: Satavahanas rose as an independent power following the decadence of the Sungas. Thirty rulers of the dynasty have ruled for about 250 years, beginning C.SU HC to C. 225 AD. -
(Disambiguation). Bengaluru ???????? Metropolis Cl
Bangalore From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Bangalore (disambiguation). Bengaluru ???????? Metropolis Clockwise from top: UB City, Infosys, Glass house at Lal Bagh, Vidhana Soudha, S hiva statue, Bagmane Tech Park Clockwise from top: UB City, Infosys, Glass house at Lal Bagh, Vidhana Soudha, S hiva statue, Bagmane Tech Park Nickname(s): Silicon valley of India, Garden City of India. Bengaluru is located in Karnataka Bengaluru Bengaluru Location in Karnataka Coordinates: 12°58'N 77°34'ECoordinates: 12°58'N 77°34'E Country India State Karnataka Region Bayaluseeme District Bangalore Urban Native Language Kannada Established 1537 Founded by Kempegowda I Government Type MayorCouncil Body BBMP Mayor B S Satyanarayana Commissioner Lakshminarayana[1] Area Metropolis 741 km2 (286 sq mi) Elevation[2] 920 m (3,020 ft) Population (2014)[3] Rank 3rd Metro[4] 10,178,146 Demonym Bangalorean Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Pincode(s) 560 xxx Area code(s) 91-(0)80-XXXX XXXX Vehicle registration KA-01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 41, 50, 51, 53, 58,59,60,61 Official language Kannada and English Climate Aw (Köppen) Website www.bbmp.gov.in Bengaluru (Bengaluru, ['be?g??u??u] ( listen)) also known as Bangalore, is the t hird largest city in India and is the center of India's fifth-largest metropolit an area. Located in southern India on the Deccan Plateau, it is the capital of t he southern Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is known as the "Silicon Valley of India" because of its role as the nation's leading information technology (I T) exporter.[5][6][7] -
Ancient & Medieval Indian & Tamilnadu History
TNPSC AURA www.tnpscaura.com FREE GROUP 2 TEST NO: 02 Ancient & medieval Indian & Tamilnadu history Test no: 02 Group 2 syllabus - UNIT– IV: HISTORY AND CULTURE OF INDIA (i) Indus valley civilization - Guptas, Delhi Sultans, Mughals and Marathas - Age of Vijayanagaram and Bahmani Kingdoms - South Indian history. 1. Consider the following statements regarding Political Organization during later Vedic times 1. The vidatha completely disappeared. 2. Sabha and Samiti were dominated by warriors and brahmanas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2 Ans: C In later Vedic times, the Rig Vedic tribal assemblies lost importance, and royal power increased at their cost. The vidatha completely disappeared; the sabha and samiti continued to hold their ground but their character changed. They were now controlled by chiefs and rich nobles, and women were no longer permitted to sit in the sabha which was now dominated by warriors and brahmanas. 2. Consider the following statements 1. Under the leadership of Churaman, Jats acquired control over territories situated to the west of the city of Delhi in late sixteenth century 2. Marathas were largely known for their endless military campaigns. 3. Marathas once controlled parts of present day Punjab and Rajasthan. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 2 only B. 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 2 and 3 only Ans: D Like the other states the Jats consolidated their power during the late seventeenth and eighteenth-centuries. Under their leader, Churaman, they acquired control over territories situated to the west of the city of Delhi, and by the 1680s they had begun dominating the region between the two imperial cities of Delhi and Agra. -
The IAS Gazette a House Journal of APTI PLUS MARCH 2021
The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS MARCH 2021 APTI PLUS RD EDITION Academy For Civil Services Pvt. Ltd. 34 Eastern India’s Best IAS Academy since 2006 An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute Creating Civil Servants for the Nation MA K TT R E A R D BIOFUEL KISAN RAIL MARCH 2021 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS Sources The Hindu | The Indian Express CONTENTS Live mint | The Economic Times PIB | PRS | ET Government & World Reports GS-I 1-38 (NITI Aayog, Budget, WEF Economic Survey etc.) ART & HISTORY Hindu Business Line | NCERTs LEPAKSHI TEMPLE 1 All standard reference books SRI JAGANNATH TEMPLE 1 HEAD OFFICE & KOLKATA CAMPUS CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT 3 Office no. 803, “AMP Mall Vaisaakkhi” 8th floor, Salt Lake Sector – II, SWACHH ICONIC PLACES 6 Salt Lake City - AG 112, Kolkata-700091 VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE 7 Ph: +91-8820341777 SARAS AJEEVIKA MELA 11 AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST ROCK ART 12 BHUBANESHWAR CAMPUS Plot No. 2280, Biju Pattanaik KHAJURAHO DANCE FESTIVAL 13 College Road,Jaydev Vihar, MAHARAJA SAUHALDEV 15 Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013 RASHTRIYA SANSKRITI MAHOTSAV 16 Phone: 099383 86166 PATACHITRA 17 THOLPAVAKOOTHU 19 ELGIN ROAD RAVIDAS JAYANTI 23 Elgin Chambers, 3rd Floor, Room No. 302, 1A, Ashutosh Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-20 mail: [email protected], GEOGRAPHY Ph: (033)-40645777, +91-8100765577 HEAT WAVE 24 MOUNT SUMERU VOLCANO 27 E-mail [email protected] ASTERIOD 32 [email protected] SHATOOT DAM 34 Website: http://www.aptiplus.in DHAULIGANGA 34 SADIYA EARTHQUAKE 36 DHUBRI PHULBARI BRIDGE 37 GS-II 39-74 GOVERNANCE FEDERALISM AND INDIA’S HUMAN CAPITAL 39 THE STRUCTURAL FRAGILITY OF UNION TERRITORIES 40 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MYANMAR COUP 43 INDIA-SRI LANKA: THE COLOMBO PORT SETBACK 46 INDIA-CHINA DISENGAGEMENT 48 INDIA-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN CURRENT GEOPOLITICS 50 Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached.