DOCSLIB.ORG

PROCEEDINGS San Diego Society of Natural History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PROCEEDINGS San Diego Society of Natural History The Scarabaeoid Beetles of San Diego County, California PROCEEDINGS of the San Diego Society of Natural History Founded 874 Number 40 February 2008 The Scarabaeoid Beetles of San Diego County, California Part I. Introduction and Diagnosis of Families Glaresidae, Trogidae, Pleocomidae, Geotrupidae, Ochodaeidae, Hybosoridae, and Glaphyridae Ron H. McPeak P.O. Box 2136, Battle Ground, WA 98604, U.S.A.; [email protected] Thomas A. Oberbauer County of San Diego Department of Planning and Land Use, 5201 Ruffin Road, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92123, U.S.A.; [email protected] ABSTRACT.—Scarabaeoid beetles are diverse in San Diego County, California, with 8 families, 53 genera, and approximately 50 species repre- sented. Vegetation communities in the county are likewise diverse and directly responsible for supporting the diversity of scarab beetles. Part I of the Scarabaeoid Beetles of San Diego County, California presents data on 8 species in the following 7 families: Glaresidae (), Trogidae (4), Pleocomidae (2), Geotrupidae (5), Ochodaeidae (3), Hybosoridae (), and Glaphyridae (2). This group of diverse beetles is adapted to a wide variety of terrestrial habitats where they feed upon hair, feathers, carrion, other decomposing organic matter, and plants. INTRODUCTION COLLECTING IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is one of the largest groups of Several preeminent beetle taxonomists spent time collecting beetles, containing approximately 2200 genera and 3,000 species in San Diego County during the 9th century (Essig 93). John worldwide (Jameson and Ratcliffe 2002). According to Smith (2003) L. LeConte was in California during 850 while employed as a there are 2 families, approximately 70 genera, and 2000 species in surgeon in the U. S. Army and collected in San Diego County and the United States, Canada, and nearctic Mexico. This diverse group other parts of the state. George H. Horn was active in the California is adapted to a wide variety of terrestrial habitats on all continents Volunteers during the Civil War from February 863 to April 865 except Antarctica and eats a variety of materials, including fungi, and spent time collecting Coleoptera at Warner Springs during his plants, carrion, hair, feathers, dung, or other decomposing organic service. Frank E. Blaisdell moved to San Diego in 87 and then to a materials. A few species are predators on other insects. Scarabaeoid ranch near Poway in 875. Blaisdell collected throughout the county beetles, or scarabs, are characterized by having platelike antennal and amassed a huge collection of beetles, including many scarabs. segments, or lamellae. Their robust bodies often have powerful legs His collection of 200,000 specimens now resides at the California adapted for burrowing in rotten wood or soil. Scarabs are usually Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. black, brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown, or green. A few Oliver N. Sanford moved from Massachusetts to San Diego species are metallic or scaled with blotched or striped patterns. The in 872 and collected beetles throughout the region for nearly 30 larvae or grubs are whitish and C-shaped with a distinct head and years. He sent specimens to LeConte, Horn, and others and sold well-developed legs. his collection to Blaisdell in 89. George H. Field, a long-time Scarabaeoid beetles are abundant in San Diego County, with 8 collector, moved to San Diego County in 889 and collected in families, 53 genera, and approximately 50 species represented. Part many remote areas of San Diego and Imperial counties and Baja I of this series covers 8 of the county’s species in the following 7 California, Mexico. He furnished much of his material to Henry C. families: Glaresidae (), Trogidae (4), Pleocomidae (2), Geotrupidae Fall, Edwin C. Van Dyke, and Blaisdell. Thomas L. Casey collected (5), Ochodaeidae (3), Hybosoridae (), and Glaphyridae (2). The in California from San Diego to Eureka in 885 and 886. Though family Scarabaeidae, which accounts for approximately 30 of 50, Casey described many species of scarabs from California many of or 87% of the scarab beetle species in San Diego County, will be his names proved to be synonyms of species described previously treated in subsequent parts of this series. Part II will cover the sub- by LeConte, Horn, and others. families Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae, part III the Melolonthinae, The first modern listing of beetles in San Diego County was com- and part IV the Dynastinae, Rutelinae, and Cetoniinae. piled by Ian Moore (937). The list included 8 species of scarabs 2 Ron H. McPeak and Thomas A. Oberbauer and was based largely on the collections of Blaisdell and Field. A. very dry hot lowlands of the western reaches of the Colorado Desert. R. Hardy, A. V. Evans, D. K. Faulkner, J. W. Brown, S. E. Haskins, Sand dunes resulting from windblown sediments occur in the eastern and R. L. Parks collected in the county at various times from the portion of the desert region. San Diego County contains roughly 44 960s through the 990s. These entomologists were responsible hectares of active dunes and 380 hectares of stabilized dunes, as well for collecting much of the material from San Diego County now as alkali flats in the beds of the Borrego Sink and Clark Dry Lake. in museums. McPeak began collecting scarab beetles in the county San Diego County has a varied climate. The majority of the in 966 and through August 2007 spent nearly 500 days (and/or precipitation falls as rain during the winter months (December nights) collecting throughout the county. The extensive collecting through March) with the exception of some summer thunderstorms in the county since 937 has yielded numerous additional species, (July through September) and winter snow in the mountains. There raising the county’s total to approximately 50 species of scarabaeoid is great variation in rainfall from year to year. For instance, rainfall beetles as of 2007. measured at Lindbergh Field (season July–30 June) ranged from 76.5 mm in 200–2002 to 57.3 mm in 2004–2005. In 200–2002 SAN DIEGO COUNTY GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE precipitation was the lowest recorded since at least 85 (Unitt 2004), while rainfall in 2004–2005 was the third highest since 883–884. San Diego County covers roughly .093 million hectares and is Typical annual precipitation ranges from 20 to 300 mm along the located in the southwest corner of California. It is bordered on the coast, 260 to 400 mm in the coastal valleys and 500 to 1100 mm in north by Riverside and Orange counties, on the east by Imperial the mountains. The desert regions receive only 70 to 30 mm per year County, and on the south by the international border with Baja Cali- with half of that falling during summer thunderstorms (Rand Allan, fornia, Mexico (Figs. , 2). The Pacific Ocean lies to the west. County of San Diego, Department of Public Works, 2005). The county straddles the Peninsular Ranges geologic province Along the coast temperatures are relatively mild and fluctuate of southern California, which consists of a series of coastal mesas, within a rather narrow range, averaging about 7o C in winter (December foothills and intervening valleys, and mountains up to 99 meters through March) and 26o C in summer (July through September). Tem- in elevation. The Peninsular Ranges include the Santa Margarita, peratures are more extreme in the inland valleys of the coastal lowland Volcan, Cuyamaca, Agua Tibia, Palomar, and Laguna mountains. and foothill zone where frost may occur during the winter and summer To the east of these mountains a steep escarpment drops down to the highs average 3–34o C. The mountain zone is the coolest region of the Figure . Principal localities named in San Diego County. The Scarabaeoid Beetles of San Diego County, California 3 Figure 2. San Diego County topography. county. During the winter temperatures average –2–0 o C, in the sum- beetles common in urban/agricultural areas include Aphodius Illiger, mer high temperatures average 29–3o C. In the desert summer heat is Parathyce Hardy, Serica MacLeay, Cotinis Burmeister, and Tomarus extreme, with average highs of 4–46o C and a maximum of 50.6o C Erichson (all of family Scarabaeidae). (National Weather Service website, San Diego Office, 2005). Coastal Dunes SAN DIEGO COUNTY VEGETATION COMMUNITIES Coastal dune habitat (sometimes referred to as coastal strand), Vegetation communities (Fig. 3) in San Diego County are di- mostly disturbed by human activity and development, is now limited verse and directly responsible for supporting the county’s diversity to a few locations, as on the southern Silver Strand, in Torrey Pines of scarab beetles. Vegetation patterns are correlated with climatic State Reserve, and at the mouth of Santa Margarita River. Camissonia and geological conditions, including soil type, exposure, and level cheiranthifolia (Sprengel) Raim (beach evening primrose), Ambrosia of precipitation. We discuss beetle distribution with respect to these chamissonis (Less.) E. Greene (beach-bur), Astragalus spp., and vegetation communities where an association is important, especially Cakile maritima Scop. (sea rocket) grow in this community. Typical for phytophagous species. The nomenclature for plants follows Hick- genera of scarab beetles in this vegetation are Aegialia Latreille, man (993). Tesarius Rakovic, and Aphodius (all of family Scarabaeidae). Urban/Agricultural Coastal Sage Scrub Modern development and agriculture in San Diego County, Much of the coastal sage scrub that formerly covered much of especially in coastal and mesa areas west of the mountains, have coastal San Diego County has been lost to urban development. The eradicated extensive areas of native vegetation. Coastal sage scrub, remains of this community are dominated by Artemisia californica coastal dunes, and chaparral have been especially affected. Non-na- Less. (California sagebrush), Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. (Cali- tive plant species have been introduced widely.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diplotaxis Multicarinata 285
    Delgado & Mora Aguilar: A New Mexican Scarab Species, Diplotaxis multicarinata 285 DIPLOTAXIS MULTICARINATA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM A RELICT FOREST IN OAXACA, MEXICO LEONARDO DELGADO AND EDER F. MORA-AGUILAR Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México ABSTRACT A new species of scarab beetle, Diplotaxis multicarinata sp. nov., is described from a relict montane forest in the northeastern region of Oaxaca, Mexico. The new species belongs to the simplex species-group, and a new key to this group is presented in order to include the new species. Key Words: Taxonomy, key, scarab beetle, Melolonthinae RESUMEN Se describe una nueva especie de escarabajo, Diplotaxis multicarinata sp. nov., proveniente de un bosque relicto localizado en la región noreste del estado de Oaxaca, México. La nueva especie pertenece al grupo de especies simplex, presentándose una nueva clave de identifi- cación para separar a todas las especies de este grupo. Translation provided by the authors. The genus Diplotaxis Kirby includes 241 spe- de México, México City (CNIN), Colección Ento- cies ranging from Panama to Canada, with most mológica del Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Xalapa, species (76%) founded in Mexico; these species are México (IEXA), S. McCleve collection, Arizona, arranged in 38 species-groups, and 6 species are USA (SMCC), L. Delgado collection, Mexico City unassigned (McCleve 1993; Davidson & Davidson (LLDC), and E. Mora-Aguilar collection, Xalapa, 2006; Delgado 2011). The simplex species-group México (EMAC). of this genus includes 9 species, which are distrib- uted from eastern and southern Mexico to Gua- DIPLOTAXIS MULTICARINATA DELGADO AND MORA- temala, and in the Greater Antilles (Jamaica).
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida March 2002 An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) Nadine A. Kriska University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Daniel K. Young University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Kriska, Nadine A. and Young, Daniel K., "An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)" (2002). Insecta Mundi. 537. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/537 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 16, No. 1-3, March-September, 2002 3 1 An annotated checklist of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) Nadine L. Kriska and Daniel K. Young Department of Entomology 445 Russell Labs University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706 Abstract. A survey of Wisconsin Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) conducted from literature searches, collection inventories, and three years of field work (1997-1999), yielded 177 species representing nine families, two of which, Ochodaeidae and Ceratocanthidae, represent new state family records. Fifty-six species (32% of the Wisconsin fauna) represent new state species records, having not previously been recorded from the state. Literature and collection distributional records suggest the potential for at least 33 additional species to occur in Wisconsin. Introduction however, most of Wisconsin's scarabaeoid species diversity, life histories, and distributions were vir- The superfamily Scarabaeoidea is a large, di- tually unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaphyridae) from the Mesozoic of China G
    ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2011, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 179–182. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2011 Original Russian Text © G.V. Nikolajev, D. Ren, 2011, published in Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2011, No. 2, pp. 57–60. The Oldest Species of the Genus Glaphyrus Latr. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Glaphyridae) from the Mesozoic of China G. V. Nikolajeva, b and D. Rena aCollege of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China email: [email protected] bAlFarabi Kazakh National University (Dept. of Biology), pr. AlFarabi 71, Almaty, 050038 Kazakhstan email: [email protected] Received February 10, 2010 Abstract—Glaphyrus ancestralis sp. nov. is described from the Yixian Formation (Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous). The species is not only one of the earliest records of the family Glaphyridae but also the oldest representative of an extant genus of the family. Keywords: China, Mesozoic, Yixian, Scarabaeoidea, Glaphyridae, beetles. DOI: 10.1134/S0031030111010126 INTRODUCTION entiation of the new species from the type species of Cretoglaphyrus by the structure of the labrum and The Glaphyridae is a small family represented in clypeus, but also a discovery of an interesting trait not the presentday fauna by slightly over 200 species previously noticed in Cretoglaphyrus: the elytra do not group taxa of six genera. The genus Lichnanthe Bur conceal the mesepimera, which are well visible in dorsal meister, 1844 is endemic to the Nearctic and contains only nine extant species (Carlson, 2002). The areas of view between the pronotum and elytra. Among the distribution of the type genus and the genera Anthypna extant Glaphyridae this character state is found in only Eschscholtz, 1818, Eulasia Truqui, 1848, and two genera, Lichnanthe and Glaphyrus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Beetle Fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and Distribution
    INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, September-December, 2006 165 The beetle fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and distribution Stewart B. Peck Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada stewart_peck@carleton. ca Abstract. The beetle fauna of the island of Dominica is summarized. It is presently known to contain 269 genera, and 361 species (in 42 families), of which 347 are named at a species level. Of these, 62 species are endemic to the island. The other naturally occurring species number 262, and another 23 species are of such wide distribution that they have probably been accidentally introduced and distributed, at least in part, by human activities. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on Dominica are many times higher than now reported. This highlights the poor level of knowledge of the beetles of Dominica and the Lesser Antilles in general. Of the species known to occur elsewhere, the largest numbers are shared with neighboring Guadeloupe (201), and then with South America (126), Puerto Rico (113), Cuba (107), and Mexico-Central America (108). The Antillean island chain probably represents the main avenue of natural overwater dispersal via intermediate stepping-stone islands. The distributional patterns of the species shared with Dominica and elsewhere in the Caribbean suggest stages in a dynamic taxon cycle of species origin, range expansion, distribution contraction, and re-speciation. Introduction windward (eastern) side (with an average of 250 mm of rain annually). Rainfall is heavy and varies season- The islands of the West Indies are increasingly ally, with the dry season from mid-January to mid- recognized as a hotspot for species biodiversity June and the rainy season from mid-June to mid- (Myers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
    The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State
    [Show full text]
  • AGENDA REGULAR MEETING of the BOARD of DIRECTORS District Board Room, 2890 Mosquito Road, Placerville, California February 25, 2019 — 9:00 A.M
    AGENDA REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS District Board Room, 2890 Mosquito Road, Placerville, California February 25, 2019 — 9:00 A.M. Board of Directors Alan Day—Division 5 George Osborne—Division 1 President Vice President Pat Dwyer—Division 2 Michael Raffety—Division 3 Lori Anzini—Division 4 Director Director Director Executive Staff Jim Abercrombie Brian D. Poulsen, Jr. Jennifer Sullivan General Manager General Counsel Clerk to the Board Jesse Saich Brian Mueller Mark Price Communications Engineering Finance Jose Perez Tim Ranstrom Dan Corcoran Human Resources Information Technology Operations PUBLIC COMMENT: Anyone wishing to comment about items not on the Agenda may do so during the public comment period. Those wishing to comment about items on the Agenda may do so when that item is heard and when the Board calls for public comment. Public comments are limited to five minutes per person. PUBLIC RECORDS DISTRIBUTED LESS THAN 72 HOURS BEFORE A MEETING: Any writing that is a public record and is distributed to all or a majority of the Board of Directors less than 72 hours before a meeting shall be available for immediate public inspection in the office of the Clerk to the Board at the address shown above. Public records distributed during the meeting shall be made available at the meeting. AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT: In accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and California law, it is the policy of El Dorado Irrigation District to offer its public programs, services, and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to everyone, including individuals with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Source Water System
    CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SOURCE WATER SYSTEM 2.0 Description of the Source Water System During the last 100 years, the CSD’s water system has evolved into a very complex system. It is now estimated to serve a population of 1.4 million people spread out over 370 square miles (Table 2.1). The CSD treats imported raw water and local runoff water at three City WTPs which have a combined capacity of 378 MGD. The CSD treats water by conventional technologies using coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. Recently, all CSD water treatment plants have been modified to provide for the addition of fluoride to the potable water supply. To ensure safe and palatable water quality, the CSD collects water samples at its reservoirs, WTPs, and throughout the treated water storage and distribution system. The CSD’s use of local and imported water to meet water demand is affected by availability, cost, and water resource management policies. Imported water availability decreases the need to carry over local water for dry years in City reservoirs. CSD policy is to use local water first to reduce imported water purchases; this policy runs the risk of increased dependence on imported water during local droughts. Table 2.1 - City of San Diego General Statistics Population (2010) 1,301,621 Population (Estimated 2014) 1,381,069 Population percent change 6.1 Land Area Square Miles 370 Population Density per Square Mile 3733 Water Distribution Area Square Miles 403 Number of Service Connections (2015) 279,102 2.1 Water Sources (Figure 2.1) Most of California's water development has been dictated by the multi-year wet/dry weather cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Dartington Report on Beetles 2015
    Report on beetles (Coleoptera) collected from the Dartington Hall Estate, 2015 by Dr Martin Luff 1. Introduction and Methods The majority of beetle recording in 2015 was concentrated on three sites and habitats: 1. Further sampling of moss on the Deer Park wall (SX794635), as mentioned in my 2014 report. This was done on two dates in March by MLL and again in October, aided by Messrs Tony Allen and Clive Turner, both experienced coleopterists. 2. Beetles associated with the decomposing body of a dead deer. The recently (accidentally) killed deer was acquired on 12th May by Mike Newby who pegged it out under wire netting in the small wood adjacent to 'Flushing Meadow', here referred to as 'Flushing Copse' (SX802625). The body was lifted regularly and beaten over a collecting tray, initially every week, then fortnightly and then monthly until early October. In addition, two pitfall traps were installed just beside the corpse, with a small amount of preservative in each. These were emptied each time the site was visited. 3. Water beetles sampled on 28th October, together with Tony Allen and Clive Turner, from the ponds and wheel-rut puddles on Berryman's Marsh (SX799615). Other work again included the contents of the nest boxes from Dartington Hills and Berrymans Marsh at the end of October, thanks to Mike Newby and his volunteer helpers. 2. Results In all, 203 beetle species were recorded in 2015, of which 85 (41.8%) were additions to the Dartington list. This increase over the 32% new in 2014 (Luff, 2015) results partly from sampling habitats (carrion, fresh-water) not previously examined.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Based on Larvae
    Systematic Entomology (2004) 29, 509–523 Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae JOSE´ R. VERDU´ 1 , EDUARDO GALANTE1 , JEAN-PIERRE LUMARET2 andFRANCISCO J. CABRERO-SAN˜ UDO3 1Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, Spain; 2CEFE, UMR 5175, De´ partement Ecologie des Arthropodes, Universite´ Paul Vale´ ry, Montpellier, France; and 3Departamento Biodiversidad y Biologı´ a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain Abstract. Thirty-eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian infer- ence. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupi- nae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic char- acters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx devel- oped, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelas- mus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade.
    [Show full text]
  • An Electronic Checklist of the New World Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)
    AN ELECTRONIC CHECKLIST OF THE NEW WORLD CHAFERS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE) Version 3 ARTHUR V. EVANS Research Associate, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, VA; Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; c/o1600 Nottoway Ave., Richmond, VA 23227, USA; [email protected] and ANDREW B. T. SMITH Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada; [email protected] INTRODUCTION The following is a checklist of all Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) found in the New World. It has been modified from Evans (2003), Evans and Smith (2005), and Smith and Evans (2005) and has been updated to 13 March 2009. Included in this checklist are all of the available names given for New World Melolonthinae (both valid and invalid). Tribes are listed in traditional order (pseudo-phylogenetically) with genera, species, and subspecies listed alphabetically within. Under each valid generic name the subgenera and synonymies are listed as are type species and, in some cases, citations for keys, checklists, and bibliographies. Listed under each valid species are synonymies, distributional data by country, and citations for new combinations and spellings. A complete bibliography is included in the “References” section of all papers mentioned in the checklist. The purpose of this checklist is to present accurate and complete information for all the names of Melolonthinae in the New World. The taxonomy herein is based on the current literature (even if we have unpublished data contradicting what has been published) and the nomenclature carefully follows the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
    [Show full text]