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Sun Yat-Sen's Revolutionary Work and His Activities in Hong Kong

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Appendix 1: Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary work and his activities in Hong Kong (Dr. Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail check points) (Source：Central & Western District Council. 5. Original site of The Government Central School. (The Government Central School is the first 6. Meeting place for “Four Desperados” Dr. Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail) government-run secondary school that provides (Original site for Yang Yao Ji; the four westernised modern education. Sun Yat-sen was a budding revolutionists often gathered in Yang senior secondary graduate of the school). Yao Ji shop to discuss revolution) 4. Original site of Queen’s 7. Original site of the Furen Literary Society/ College Chinese Patriotic Mutual Improvement Association (gathering place for revolutionists) 1. Original site for Diocesan Home and Orphanage/Diocesan Boys' School 9. Original Site of the Daoji Mission (founded by Anglican Church, it is the House/ To Tsai Church (During his first school that Sun Yat-sen studied in medical studies, Sun Yat-sen came Hong Kong) here for gatherings and many fellow church-goers were supporters of the 3. Original Site of the American Congregational revolution) 2. Original site of the Old Reception Mission Preaching House (When Sun Yat-sen studied Centre of the Tongmenghui (Kui In Fong). in The Central School, he received Christian Baptism Tongmenghui /United League/ Chinese in this church, and was given his name “Rixin”; this 11. Original Site of Xing Yan Lou Revolutionary Alliance was founded by was the origin of his later known name “Yat-sen”.) Western Restaurant (Meeting place for Sun Yat-sen in 1905. The location was Sun Yat-sen and his peers) used to house revolutionaries that travelled between Hong Kong and Guangzhou) 8. Original Site of the Alice Memorial Hospital and Hong Kong College of Medicine (Sun 12. Original site of China Daily (news Yat-sen transferred from Boji Hospital in agency (The newspaper was launched in Guangzhou to the College for 5 years of medical Hong Kong in 1900 by Chen Shaobai training, and graduated with distinction) under the orders of Sun Yat-sen. It is the first newspaper that published anti-Qing 10. Original Site of the Hong Kong Headquarters commentaries. Besides issuing of Xingzhonghui/Hong Kong Revive China revolutionary publications, the agency Society. The Hong Kong Xingzhonghui was The Red House in Tuen Mun (the also served as a point of liaison between founded by Sun Yat-sen as a revolutionary military base where Sun Yat-sen and Xingzhonghui/Revive China Society and organisation to overthrow the Qing Government. members of the Xingzhonghui/ revolutionists from different cities. The Locations on Hong Kong Island The headquarters are located here and its Revive China Society planned their base for 1900’s Huizhou Uprising was set anti-Qing activities covered under the business revolutionary work) related to Sun Yat-sen’s at the 3rd floor of the agency) activities name “Qian Heng Hang”. Appendix 1: Sun Yat-sen’s Revolutionary work and his activities in Hong Kong (Worksheet) (1) The personal information of Sun Yat-sen: (Students may refer to Mr. Yat-Sen’s Days as a Medical Student 《中山先生的習醫時代》) Name: Sun Wen (孫文) (Also named “Sun Yat-sen”, and has taken the pseudonym “Zhong Shan Qiao” (中山樵) when engaging in revolutionary activities) Ancestral home: Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (Now _Zhongshan _ County) Educated at: Guangzhou, ___Hong Kong__, Honolulu Revolutionary work – leading the anti-Qing revolution Founded the revolutionary group: Xingzhonghui/Revive China Society (興中會), Tongmenghui/Chinese Revolutionary Alliance (同盟會) Formulated the Revolutionary Principles: “the overthrow of the Manchus, the restoration of China, the adoption of a republican regime, the equalisation of land rights” (「驅除韃 虜，恢復中華，建立民國，平均地權」); and the “Three Principles of the People” (三 民主義). Launched military uprising: launched multiple military uprisings which ended in failure, until the successful uprising in Wuchang (武昌). This revolution is known historically as the Revolution of_1911_. Raised funds: Traveling between different countries to promote revolutionary messages to overseas Chinese, and raise funds Contributed to the abdication of the Qing Emperor: Willingly ceded his position as the provisional president to Yuan Shikai (袁世凱), which led to the abdication of the Qing Emperor. Appendix 1: Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary work and his activities in Hong Kong (Worksheet) (2) The life of Sun Yat-sen (Refer to reading material “Dr. Sun Yat-sen Historical Trail check points”, and fill in the check point numbers in the suitable spaces, e.g. (location: 1) 1866 Born in Xiangshan County of Guangdong Province (Now Zhongshan County) 1878 First stopped by Hong Kong on his way to Honolulu (12 years old) 1883 Studied at the Anglican Diocesan Home and Orphanage/ Diocesan (17 years old; Boy’s School (拔萃書室) (location: 1 ) in Hong Kong, later 20 years old ) graduated from the Government Central School of Hong Kong. (location: 5 )。 1887 Studied at the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (香港 (21 years old) 西醫書院) (Founded by Ho Kai) (location: 8 ) and graduated top of the class. During his studies, he often discussed revolution with his peers Yang Heling(楊鶴齡), Chen Shaobai (陳少白) and You Lie (尤列) (location: 6 ). They were given the nickname “The Four Desperados”. 1894 Wrote to Li Hung-chang but his request for meeting was denied. (28 years old ) 1895 Founded the Hong Kong Headquarters of Xingzhonghui/ Hong (29 years old ) Kong Revive China Society (香港興中總會) (revolutionary group) at 13 Staunton Street of Central (location: 10 ), and raised considerable funds for the revolution. Used Hong Kong as a base to plan the Guangzhou uprising. However, the news leaked and the British Government alerted the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi; the uprising was a failure. 1896 The Hong Kong Government, using the reason that Sun Yat-sen’s (30 years old ) revolutionary activities endanger the safety and order of Hong Kong, gave a deportation order for Sun Yat-sen in 1896. 1897 Sun Yat-sen wrote to the British authorities in Hong Kong (31 years old ) requesting permission to stay, but was denied. 1899 SunYat-sen sent Chen Shaobai to Hong Kong to found the first (33 years old ) revolutionary newspaper China Daily (《中國日報》)(location: 12 )。 1923 Had lunch with Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs, Governor of Hong (57 years old ) Kong; later gave a public speech at the University of Hong Kong. 1925 Died of sickness at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. (59 years old ) What key role did Hong Kong play in Sun Yat-sen’s revolutionary activities? Appendix 2: Sun Yat-sen’s experiences in Hong Kong (Worksheet) Sun Yat-sen’s days in Hong Kong Events/Experiences Discussed revolution with his peers Revolutionary activities Advocated /planned enthusiastically and engaged in promoting the revolution (Organised the Xingzhonghui/Revive China Society) (Military uprising) (Printed revolutionary publication) (Raised funds for the revolution) (Pursued academic studies and learned Others medicine) Appendix 3: Hong Kong population census between mid 19th century and early 20th century (Reading material with worksheet) In 1841, the British carried out a population census for the Population statistics 1841-1911 island of Hong Kong: the island had only several thousand inhabitants including villagers in some 20 villages and 1841 7450 fishermen living on boats by the seaside. 1846 21835 1851 32983 In 1851, Taiping Tianguo / Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (太平天國) on the mainland drove many merchants in 1861 71730 southern China to Hong Kong in evasion of the war. Hong Kong’s population rose from around 30 thousand in 1951 to 1871 119321 over 120 thousand in 1866. Hong Kong took the place of Guangzhou as the major entrepot of coastal China. 1856 115098 1866 124198 Besides the transshipment of cargo, Hong Kong also became a mid-way station for Chinese of southern 1876 139144 China to migrate overseas. Between 1851 and 1900, over 2 million Chinese from Guangdong and Fujian 1881 160402 Provinces migrated overseas from Hong Kong, or 1886 181720 were shipped overseas as labour. At the time, the Chinese and westerners had well-defined areas of 1891 217936 activity; westerners took residence mostly in Central, while the Chinese lived mostly in Sheung Wan. 1896 239419 (Source: Wikipedia) 1901 300660 1906 329038 When Hong Kong initially became an open port, the Hong Kong Island was divided into Central and West districts with Pottinger 1911 456739 Street as the boundary. The western side was the commercial and residential district of the Chinese, and it became the base of activity for the revolutionists at the time. Revolutionists even had (Source：The Census and guesthouses at Lan Kwai Fong and Caine Road to house fugitive Statistics Department) revolutionists. The Governor Frederick Lugard once said, “Most Hong Kong Chinese are like this: they are not only sympathetic towards the revolution, but are passionate about it.” (Source: Sun Wen Theory (« 孫文學說»), Chapter 8 ‘Success through determination’ How has the society changed after Hong Kong became an open port? (Increase in Chinese merchants and in population; Hong Kong became a trading port and a mid-way station for Chinese of southern China to migrate overseas; Chinese mainly lived in Sheung Wan / Island West) How have these changes helped Sun Yat-sen’s revolution? (The increase in Chinese merchants and in population, and Chinese support and concern for the revolution made it easier to recruit revolutionists and raise funds) (A trading
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