Training and Enterprise Councils

Research Paper 97/48

7 May 1997 [Appendix I revised 1 August 1997]

Between the Spring of 1990 and the Autumn of 1991, responsibility for the administration of most Government training and enterprise programmes was transferred from the Department of Employment to a new network of 82 (now 79) Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) in England and Wales and 22 Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) in Scotland. This Research Paper gives a brief account of the reasons for this change and some details of the composition, functions, funding and mechanics of TECs. It concentrates on TECs rather than LECs, although much of what is said about TECs applies equally to LECs. To help Members who may need to approach their local TEC, Appendix 1 lists all Parliamentary constituencies with the name of the TEC or LEC operating in their area. This has been compiled by Susan Kielty. Appendix 2 gives the address and telephone numbers of the TECs. Appendix 3 lists the LECs in Scotland. This Paper replaces Research Note 92/21, "Training and Enterprise Councils", which has been updated with the help of Jeremy Gyepi-Garbrah.

Julia Lourie Business and Transport Section

House of Commons Library Library Research Papers are compiled for the benefit of Members of Parliament and their personal staff. Authors are available to discuss the contents of these papers with Members and their staff but cannot advise members of the general public. CONTENTS

Page

Summary 5

I Background 7

A. TEC Mergers 10 B. TEC National Council 12

II Status and Composition 12

A. Annual Contracts 13 B. Three Year Licences 14 C. TEC Boards 15 D. Labour and Liberal Democrat Policies 16

III Staffing 19

IV Functions 20

V Funding 22

VI Accountability 23

VII Issues 27

VIII Further Reading 30

Appendix 1 Parliamentary Constituencies and TECs in England and Wales, and LECs in Scotland 33

Appendix 2 Names and Addresses of TECs in England and Wales 57

Appendix 3 Names and Addresses of LECs in Scotland 71

Appendix 4 TEC Programmes and Funding Methods 1995/96 72

Appendix 5 TEC Budgets 1991/92 - 1996/97 77 Summary

• During 1990-1991, the Conservative government transferred responsibility for delivering the training and enterprise programmes previously organised by the Employment Department to a network of independent, local, employer-led Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). Their aim was to "place the 'ownership' of the training and enterprise system where it belongs - with employers".

• In Scotland, responsibility was transferred to a similar network of Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) which also took over responsibility for local economic development from the Scottish Development Agency.

• Through a process of merger, the number of TECs in England and Wales has been reduced from 82 at the start to 79 in May 1997. Ten of these have merged with local Chambers of Commerce to form Chambers of Commerce, Training and Enterprise (CCTEs).

• TECs are private companies limited by guarantee, but receive over 95% of their income from central government. They operate by means of annual agreements negotiated with the Government Office for the region in which they are situated. In turn, the TECs contract with providers such as employers, colleges, voluntary organisations and training companies, who actually deliver the programmes.

• The main programmes delivered through TECs are training and work experience for young people (including Youth Training and Modern Apprenticeships), training for the adult unemployed (Training for Work), Investors In People (designed to raise standards of training within companies) and, in partnership with Business Links, advice to small firms.

• There are complicated funding arrangements which vary from year to year, but there has been an increasing emphasis on output-related funding - linking payment to measurable outcomes such as job placements and qualifications achieved rather than to the number of training weeks delivered Research Paper 97/48

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I Background

TECs are independent, local, employer-led councils which were established throughout the country during 1990 and 1991 to take over responsibility for running the training and enterprise programmes previously organised by the Department of Employment's Training Agency. The proposal to devolve responsibility for these programmes to a local level and to inject a strong degree of private enterprise into them was first announced in the White Paper, "Employment for the 1990s", published in December 1988:1

5.7 The Government now intend to build on the existing involvement and commitment of business by inviting local groups led by employers to submit proposals for the establishment of Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) in England and Wales to contract with Government to plan and deliver training and to promote and support the development of small businesses and self-employment within their area. This will mean the Council engaging the commitment of employers to training and education and to fostering enterprise in their local communities. TECs will enable training and enterprise activities, including the Government's major training programmes, to be tailored to local needs. They will provide a vehicle to bring decision-makers together in the interests of broader economic development and of creating active local partnerships. In this way, the Government hope to place 'ownership' of the training and enterprise system where it belongs - with employers.

5.8. The Training and Enterprise Councils will have several key functions. They will examine the local labour market, assessing key skill needs, prospects for expanded job growth and the adequacy of existing training opportunities. They will draw up a plan, containing measurable objectives for securing quality training and enterprise development that meets both Government guarantees and community needs, tailoring national programmes to suit area needs and to achieve agreed performance outcomes. They will manage training programmes for young people, for unemployed people, and for adults requiring new knowledge and technical retraining. They will be responsible for the development and provision of training and other support for small businesses relevant to local needs. This activity will include the planning and administration of the Enterprise Allowance Scheme, and the counselling currently provided in England through the Small Firms Service. This service will continue to be provided in Wales by the Welsh Development Agency.

5.9 TECs will also work in co-operation with the private sector to harness the considerable resources which are being applied to encourage and support small business enterprise through local enterprise agencies. They will be responsible

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for promoting and directing more private sector investment in training, vocational education and enterprise activities designed to strengthen the local skill base and to spur economic growth. It is envisaged that TECs will become an important local forum and agent for change, building relationships between key interest groups, and investing public and private resources to enhance the economic vitality of the community and the social wellbeing of its citizens. The Welsh Office will consider how best to integrate the training responsibilities of TECs in Wales with the enterprise activities undertaken by the Welsh Development Agency and Mid Wales Development and by the Department itself.

The Scottish equivalent of TECs are LECs (Local Enterprise Companies). Like TECs, they are local, employer-led bodies, but they have a wider remit, being responsible not only for training and enterprise but also for economic development (previously the responsibility of the Scottish Development Agency). The Scottish changes were announced in the White Paper, "Scottish Enterprise", published in December 1988:2

5.1 At national level, the creation of Scottish Enterprise will do much to promote a climate within which Scottish entrepreneurial talents can flourish; but it is at local level that the process of economic development must be focused. In recognition of this the Government propose to promote the establishment of a network of local employer-led agencies to take on this task. As already mentioned, Enterprise Trusts have shown the way by involving local business people in work on behalf of the community. The challenge is an invigorating one: an opportunity is being offered to people of proven talent to take on executive responsibilities in their areas without remuneration but for the common good. The concept stands or falls on the willingness of people of calibre to respond to this exciting challenge.

5.2 Each local agency would be responsible for stimulating the growth of self- sustaining enterprise, encouraging the creation of viable jobs and the reduction of unemployment and improving the skills of the workforce in its area. Clearly in the training field the existing national programmes will form an important part of the services offered by the new organisations; while working within national policy guidelines, they will nevertheless have the flexibility to develop local solutions to local problems.

5.3 Clearly there is scope for different views as to how much of the SDA's present activities could or should be devolved to local level. There are attractions in delegating as much authority as possible to the local level, thus giving the local agencies the widest possible flexibility and power to respond to

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the problems and opportunities of the local economy. In certain of its areas of operation, however, a national remit and powers have proved a major strength of the Agency. Similarly the Training Agency's success in implementing major change (for example through the Technical and Vocational Education Initiative) has stemmed from its national focus. A balance will have to be struck between local and central powers which enables the retention of present strengths as well as the desired improvement of local delivery. The Government have not yet come to a conclusion as to where this balance should lie.

Groups of local businessmen were invited to apply for development funding in prospectuses launched in March 1989 (for England and Wales), August 1989 (for the Scottish Lowlands) and October 1989 (for the Highlands and Islands). In England and Wales, it was left to the prospective TECs to determine their geographical coverage.3 The Scottish Prospectuses contained maps and asked prospective LECs to relate their applications to one of the areas shown on these maps.4 The final decisions on the award of contracts to run TECs and LECs were taken by the Secretary of State for Employment in England and Wales and by the Secretary of State for Scotland in Scotland. In practice, there was little competition for contracts and development plans were drawn up in close consultation with regional offices of the relevant Departments. The only competition occurred in London where different TECs found it hard to agree which boroughs should fall to which TEC. In the end the National Training Task Force (a body set up by the Secretary of State to oversee the introduction of TECs) had to adjudicate.

The first TECs became operational in April 1990.5 They were in:-

Calderdale and Kirklees Cumbria Devon and Cornwall Dorset Hertfordshire South and East Cheshire Thames Valley Teesside Tyneside Wearside.

3 Department of Employment, "Training and Enterprise Councils: a prospectus for the 1990s", March 1989, p 11 4 Industry Department for Scotland, "Towards Scottish Enterprise", Prospectus, August 1989. Industry Department for Scotland, "Towards Highlands and Islands Enterprise", Prospectus, October 1989 5 Department of Employment Press Release, 3 April 1990, "Training and Enterprise Councils Go Live"

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The last - the Central London TEC - was launched in October 1991.6 In Scotland all the LECs became operational in April 1991 when Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise took over from their predecessors, the Scottish Development Agency and the Highlands and Islands Development Board.7 Scottish Enterprise now has responsibility for LECs in Lowland Scotland and Highlands and Islands Enterprise has responsibility for LECs in the Highlands and Islands. In April 1992, responsibility for TECs in Wales was transferred from the Department of Employment to the Welsh Office, so Welsh TECs now contract directly with the Secretary of State for Wales.8

A. TEC Mergers

The TEC network established in 1990/91 has not remained static.

South Thames TEC, which covered the London Boroughs of Greenwich, Lambeth, Lewisham and Southwark, went into receivership on the 21 December 1994. The Press Notice announcing the TEC's collapse explained that "the situation had arisen because the TEC had major financial difficulties including liabilities to the Department and others which exceeded its assets."9 The TEC reportedly owed £1.6 million to 33 training contractors and £5 million to the Employment Department.10 From 24 April 1995, South Thames TEC's responsibilities were divided between the two adjacent TECs, Central London TEC (CENTEC) and South London TEC (SOLOTEC). The former added Lambeth and Southwark to its existing boroughs of Camden, Kensington and Chelsea, Hammersmith and Fulham, and Westminster; and the latter included Greenwich and Lewisham with Bexley, Bromley, Croydon and Sutton.11

Further rationalisation has occurred in London. On 23 May 1996, CENTEC and the Central and Inner London North TEC (CILNTEC) agreed to merge in April 1997.12 This TEC is now called Focus Central London. Extraordinary General Meetings of North East Wales TEC and North West Wales TEC (TARGED) held on 9 April 1996 agreed to create through merger a single TEC for the North Wales area. This merger, too, took effect in April 1997.13 The merged TEC is called North Wales TEC (or CELTEC).14

6 Department of Employment Press Release, 24 October 1991, "Employment Minister Launches Central London TEC" 7 HC Deb February 1991, c684W 8 Welsh Office Press Notice, 20 September 1991 9 Department of Employment Press Release, 21 December 1994, "Employment Department Appoints Receiver For South Thames TEC" 10 Unemployment Unit Working Brief, May 1996, "Resolving the TEC crisis: why easing financial controls isn't the answer", p16 11 Employment Department Press Notice, 24 April 1995, "James Paice announces the signing of contracts for TEC services in the South Thames Area" 12 Financial Times, 24 May 1996, "Merged Tec will cover 1.8m of capital's staff" 13 HC Deb 29 April 1996, cc 389-390W 14 Agenda, April 1997, "And then there were 79...... "

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Some TECs have merged with local Chambers of Commerce to form Chambers of Commerce, Training and Enterprise (CCTEs). On 17 February 1994, Michael Heseltine, then President of the Board of Trade, and David Hunt, then Secretary of State for Employment, announced that they had agreed in principle to voluntary mergers between individual TECs and Chambers of Commerce, provided they met certain conditions.15 Until the 1997 General Election, the Conservative Government's policy was "to encourage mergers, at the wish of both partners".16 There have been ten mergers so far - in Milton Keynes and North Bucks, Northamptonshire, Oldham, St Helens, South Derbyshire, Sussex, Rotherham, Wolverhampton, Shropshire, and Hereford and Worcester - and applications have been received from Greater Peterborough, Wigan, Coventry and Warwickshire, and Norfolk and Waveny.17 A ruling by Inland Revenue Special Commissioners in 1995 that Oldham TEC was a charity rather than a private sector company (and was therefore not liable for corporation tax) halted the momentum of such mergers.18 Charities must devote themselves to charitable purposes and Chambers of Commerce, with their lobbying and representational role, would not meet this description. There are other reasons why TECs do not wish to have charitable status, despite the tax advantages. In the event, though, the Inland Revenue's appeal against the Oldham decision to the High Court was successful and merger negotiations were able to proceed.19

Several TECs have changed their names - usually to make them more meaningful - although there remain some whose names give little clue to their geographical location. A list of changed names and those whose areas are not obvious would include:

Avon TEC - now WESTEC AZTEC - London boroughs of Merton, Wandsworth and Kingston upon Thames CambsTEC - Central and South Cambridgeshire Central England TEC - Redditch, Solihull, Bromsgrove, Wyre Forest area CEWTEC - Chester, Ellesmere Port and Wirral ELTEC - East Lancashire Heart of England TEC - Oxfordshire LAWTEC - Lancashire Area West METROTEC - Wigan NORMIDTEC - now North & Mid Cheshire TEC QUALITEC - now St Helens CCTE SOLOTEC - South London (London boroughs of Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Greenwich, Lewisham and Sutton) Thames Valley Enterprise - Berkshire, South and Mid Buckinghamshire, Henley area of Oxfordshire Wearside TEC - now Sunderland City TEC

15 Employment Department Press Notice, 17 February 1994, "Mergers between TECs and Chambers" 16 White Paper, Competitiveness. Creating the Enterprise Centre of Europe, Cm 3300, June 1996, para 15.12 17 HC Deb, 30 January 1997, c 339W 18 Simons Weekly Tax Intelligence, 14 September 1995, "SpC 44 Oldham Training and Enterprise Council v IRC" 19 Agenda, September 1996, "TECs aren't charities the High Court rules"

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From the 1 April 1996 the boundaries of 3 LECs, Dunbartonshire Enterprise, Lanarkshire Development Agency and Glasgow Development Agency, were altered to make them coterminous with the new local authorities.20 This did not however, alter the number of LECs in Scotland, which remains at 22.

B. TEC National Council

The TEC National Council was founded by TECs in 1993 to be the representative body of all the TECs in England and Wales.21 Its prime aim is to promote their interests. The Council has a federal structure which is designed to support the achievement of TEC policies and objectives, through co-operative efforts. It consists of members (TEC chairmen) elected by each of the ten regional groupings of TECs, and a Scottish representative. It is headed by an independent Chairman. The Council has an "extensive network of consultative Policy, Strategy and Task Groups, largely comprised of TEC Chief Executives, [which] supports the Council and helps develop the capability and capacity of TECs."22 The Council receives no grant from the government, so its income is obtained through TEC subscriptions. It describes itself as a "trade association" of TECs.

II Status and Composition

TECs are companies limited by guarantee. The Employment Select Committee has described them as "private companies with a public role, organisations of a hybrid nature, quite unlike any other body".23

20 Scottish Office Press Notice, 31 May 1995, "Ian Lang announces new LEC boundaries". Response of the Secretary of State for Scotland to the Report of the Scottish Affairs Committee on the Operation of the Enterprise Agencies and the LECs, Cm 3036, January 1996, para 4 21 TEC National Council leaflet, Training and Enterprise Councils: what they are and what they do, June 1995 22 Ibid 23 Employment Committee, First Report 1995-96, The Work of TECs, HC 99, para 1

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A. Annual Contracts

Although TECs are private companies and must comply with Companies Act requirements, they receive over 95% of their income from the Government and operate largely by means of an annual agreement negotiated with the Government Office (GO) for the region in which they are situated. The agreement sets out the details of the programmes which the TEC will provide and the way in which they will be funded. Copies of the model agreement are deposited in the House of Commons Library.24 TECs agree annual business plans and corporate plans with the GO. The Corporate Plans should be based on annual strategic guidance issued to TECs by the Government. The most recent guidance - a slim and rather general document entitled TECs beyond 2000 - set the TECs three priorities:

"• to create and maintain dynamic local economies with strategic partners, in particular local authorities;

• to support competitive business through effective investment in innovation and the development and management of people, and increased use of business support services through the network of Business Links; and

• to build a world class workforce and create a learning society with the skills essential to successful businesses and individuals."25

The business plans contain annual targets for such things as the number of starts on Youth Training, Training for Work or Modern Apprenticeships or the number of companies awarded Investors In People status. TECs must also publish anual reports and accounts.26 The TECs, in turn, contract, usually on an annual basis, with training providers who actually provide the training courses.

24 See, for example, TEC Operating Agreement and Annual Funding Agreement, 1996, Dep/3 2908. For 1997/98 there is a package of documents including a TEC & CCTE Planning Prospectus: Requirements & Guidance, a TEC & CCTE Finance Guide, a TEC & CCTE Annual Funding Contract and a Standards Guide. 25 TECs beyond 2000: The Government's Strategic Guidance to TECs, 1996 26 The Business and Transport Section of the Library tries to keep a complete set of these documents

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B. Three Year Licences

In response to criticism from TECs that annual contracting made long term planning very difficult, the Government announced at the time of the November 1993 Budget that it "would introduce new arrangements which will offer the TECs the opportunity to earn a 3 year licence guaranteeing their core administrative funding".27 The first such licences were awarded in November 1994 and ran from April 1995. They went to 12 TECs:28

Leicestershire TEC Lincolnshire TEC North Derbyshire TEC North Nottinghamshire TEC Northumberland TEC Sunderland City TEC South & East Cheshire TEC HAWTEC (Hereford and Worcester) Barnsley & Doncaster TEC Humberside TEC Rotherham TEC Sheffield TEC

In February 1997, it was announced that ELTEC (the TEC for East Lancashire) had been awarded a three year licence from April 1997. This meant that all 74 TECs in England were now licensed.29 To be awarded a licence, a TEC must:30

• develop, with its partners, a three year corporate plan for its area, agreed with the local Government Office

• meet exacting national targets on a TEC's capability and delivery of its programmes as well as its strategic impact

• deliver the Government's Youth Training Guarantee

• demonstrate financial viability and have satisfactory systems of financial control

27 Employment Department Press Release, 30 November 1993, David Hunt announces new Modern Apprenticeship Scheme to boost Britain's skills 28 Employment Department Press Notice, 29 November 1994, First TEC Licences announced by Employment Minister 29 DfEE Press Release, 5 February 1997, TECs come of age: Paice 30 Ibid

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• the TEC must have gained Investors in People status and must have in place an operational Business Link. Whilst TECs awarded a licence are guaranteed core administrative funding for the duration of the licence, they still negotiate annual contracts with the Secretaries of State for Education and Employment, the Environment and Trade and Industry. A copy of the model (12 page) TEC Licensing Agreement is deposited in the House of Commons Library.31 The annual agreement for licensed TECs is called the Annual Funding Agreement (92 pages). It is almost identical to the TEC Operating Agreement (102 pages) which it replaces for licensed TECs.32

C. TEC Boards

TECs are run by Boards of Directors, at least two-thirds of whom must be very senior businessmen. Apart from the Chief Executive, they are unpaid. The Licensing Agreement sets out the conditions of eligibility for the Board:

"Board Eligibility

7.1 The TEC shall ensure that:

7.1.1 at least two-thirds of the Directors (including the Chairman of the board) hold the office of chairman, or chief executive, or top level operational manager at local level, of a company or senior partner of a professional partnership within (in each case) the private sector;

7.1.2 the remaining Directors are chief executives or their equivalents from education, economic development, trade unions, voluntary organisations or the public sector. A managing director or chief executive of the TEC shall not be counted in either category;

7.1.3 a Director ceases to hold office within three months after ceasing to satisfy the eligibility requirements unless the Secretary of State for Education and Employment and the TEC agree that he may continue in office;

7.1.4 the Secretary of State for Education and Employment is notified promptly in advance of all changes in chairmanship and all appointments and removals of Directors and is notified promptly of any resignation of any Director. A Director shall join and remain on the board of Directors as an individual and not as a representative of another company or organisation;

31 See, for example, Dep/3 2908 for the 1996 Agreement. For 1997/98 there is a (shorter) TEC & CCTE Licence. 32 See, for example, TEC Operating Agreement and Annual Funding Agreement, 1996, Dep/3 2908

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7.1.5 no Director shall (except where he holds office as managing director or chief executive of the TEC) receive any remuneration from the TEC or a Subsidiary of the TEC from payments made to the TEC by the Secretaries of State;

7.1.6 in the case of the TEC Chairman the company or partnership referred to in Clause 7.1.1 shall be a company or partnership (as the case may be) of at least three years standing with either an annual turnover exceeding £5 million or 25 or more full time employees."

There must be at least nine and not more than fifteen directors.33 In Scotland, there is a similar requirement that two-thirds of Board Members should be business leaders, though the size of the Boards may be smaller there - 9 to 12 in the Lowlands and 7 to 12 in the Highlands and Islands.34

A full list of TEC Board Members is deposited in the House of Commons Library at regular intervals.35

A study of TECs and Their Boards, published in 1995, found that they "are still largely the domain of white middle-aged males".36 Nationally only about 12% of directors are female and only 4% are drawn from ethnic minority backgrounds.37 In 1992, 70% of TEC directors came from the private sector, 9% from local authorities, 7% from education, 5% from trade unions and 4% from the voluntary sector.38

D. Labour and Liberal Democrat Policies

Neither the Labour nor the Liberal Democrat manifesto for the 1997 General Election has much to say about TECs. Labour's Business Manifesto, Equipping Britain for the Future, says:

"The TECs are establishing a valuable private sector-led partnership to bring best practice in training to the broader business community. We will build on these achievements......

33 Employment Department, Training and Enterprise Councils: a prospectus for the 1990s, March 1989, p 12 34 Industry Department for Scotland, Towards Scottish Enterprise, 1989, p 7, Towards Highlands and Islands Enterprise, 1989, p 7 35 Operational Training & Enterprise Councils: lists of board members. Library Location Dep 36 36 Graham Haughton et al, TECs and Their Boards, for the Department for Education and Employment, Research Series No 64, October1995, para 2.1.2 37 ibid 38 ibid, figure 2.1

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We will offer individual employees the opportunity to open Individual Learning Accounts to allow them to invest in their own skills. Using existing TEC resources, we will offer up to a million people the opportunity to open a learning account. A small investment of their own will be matched by a £150 training endowment from the government."

Labour's general manifesto, New Labour because Britain deserves better, says:

"We will invest public money for training in Individual Learning Accounts which individuals - for example women returning to the labour force - can use to gain the skills they want. We will kickstart the programme for up to a million people, using £150 million of TEC money which could be better used and which would provide a contribution of £150, alongside individuals making small investments of their own."

There has been speculation that a Labour Government would reduce the role of TECs. The manifesto confirms that Labour "will establish one-stop Regional Development Agencies to co-ordinate regional economic development, help small business and encourage inward investment". A leaked report from a Labour Party Commission, chaired by Bruce Millan, on Strategies for Regional Economic Development, had proposed that TECs' direct involvement with enterprise should be drastically curtailed, that mergers with Chambers of Commerce should be halted, and that TEC funding should be reviewed.39 However, Labour has not adopted this as an official policy. At the TEC annual conference in 1996, Gordon Brown, the Shadow Chancellor, said:

"You are not just training councils but training and enterprise councils. I believe that original vision of TECs set out in its early days, that TECs are not just providers of training but an encouragment and catalyst for enterprise, is an idea whose time has come and it is upon that wider vision I believe we should and must build."40

New Labour. New life for Britain, the "road to the manifesto" document published in July 1996, said:

"A training system with a top-down approach, levies and rebates, all through government, is simply not appropriate for the majority of industries. So we have made critical changes.

The existing structure - TECs, NVQs, Investors in People - can remain and be improved. But we must place the demand for skills in the hands of the individual. We have shown how public money spent on training could be invested in the form of

39 Agenda (the news report for TEC directors and executives), July 1996, "TECs should 'demerge and think again on enterprise' " 40 Agenda, August 1996, "Brown says 'TECs are an idea whose time has come' "

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Learn as You Earn accounts which individuals can then use to get the skills they want. This could be funded by, for example, switching resources within TEC budgets and supplemented by employers."

The Liberal Democrat Manifesto, Make the Difference, says:

"To support companies that invest in education and training, and to encourage others to do so, we will introduce a 2 per cent remissible levy on company payrolls. This would be deductible against the cost of providing accredited training or making contributions to the Individual Learning Account. Small businesses will be exempt. We will give Training and Enterprise Councils the leading role in forging local partnerships to meet youth training and employment needs."

Later this Manifesto states:

"We will set up regionally-based Development Agencies to build new partnerships between small businesses, local Councils, Business Links, TECs and local Chambers of Commerce. We will encourage these bodies to come together to provide 'one-stop shops'. We will enable Councils to raise capital for local infrastructure investment, where they work in partnership with the private sector. We will encourage industrial development by promoting geographical centres of industrial excellence."

Don Foster Liberal Democrat spokesman on Education and Employment, replied to a question on the future of TECs that:

"There is no doubt that TECs will play a role in the future training system. One of their successes has been to enable representatives of business and commerce to influence local training policy.

However, there are two problems with TECs. The first is that they still tend to represent larger rather than smaller businesses in their local areas. And the second is the continued lack of democratic accountability of TEC Boards. Both of these issues will be addressed by the Liberal Democrats."41

III Staffing

41 Training Tomorrow, March/April 1996, "Don in full flow"

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TECs were originally staffed, primarily, by civil servants on secondment from the Department of Employment's Training, Enterprise and Education Directorate (TEED). They were allowed to employ additional staff using privately raised funds and to establish incentive pay systems.42 On 16 December 1991, Michael Howard, then the Secretary of State for Employment, announced that he intended to end secondment and move towards direct employment of staff by TECs by October 1996. Civil Servants would have the right to return to the Department of Employment if they wished:43

Training and Enterprise Councils

Mr. Moss: To ask the Secretary of State for Employment what plans he has for the staffing of training and enterprise councils in the longer term.

Mr. Howard: On 26 July 1991 I wrote to the chairmen of all TECs proposing that discussions should begin with TECs, with the relevant trade unions and with seconded staff about arrangements to secure the objective of freeing TECs to be the direct employers of their staff on terms and conditions decided by TECs. I am writing today to TEC chairmen setting out the broad arrangements for phasing out secondments to TECs from the civil service by October 1996. These will give TECs the freedom to offer secondees employment in their TEC. Secondees in turn will be free to accept TEC employment or return to the Department when their secondment period ends. TECs will be provided with the funding to offer former secondee pension provisions broadly comparable with the principal civil service pension scheme. Subject to normal parliamentary procedures for notifying the giving of non- statutory guarantees and indemnities, I also propose to meet the costs of redundancy entitlements for past civil service employment in the event of a redundancy arising as a direct result of Government action within the first five years of the start of former secondee's employment in a TEC.

The reply to a PQ in December 1994 gives an indication of the number of civil servants who were seconded to TECs and the number who returned:44

Mr. Betts: To ask the Secretary of State for Employment how many civil servants have been transferred to training and enterprise councils and local enterprise companies on a three-year secondment; how many were at grade (a) senior information officer, (b) higher information officer, (c) higher executive officer and (d) senior executive officer; how many in each grade returned to the civil service upon completion of their secondment; how many of those in each grade have since left the civil service on early retirement, voluntary redundancy or similar schemes; and how many of those remaining in the civil service by grade are below the age of 58 years.

42 Department of Employment,"Training and Enterprise Councils: a prospectus for the 1990s" March 1989 43 HC Deb 16 December 1991, c4W 44 HC Deb 15 December 1994, c745W

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Miss Widdecombe: Approximately 4,000 staff volunteered to second to training and enterprise councils and local companies on three-year secondments, including some 21 SIOs, 144 HIOs, 855 HEOs and 178 SEOs. About 10 SIOs, 77 HIOs, 526 HEOs and 128 SEOs returned to the Department. Some five SIOs, 43 HIOs, 71 HEOs and 12 SEOs left on early retirement schemes. Most of those remaining are below 58 years of age.

The 1996 Annual Funding Agreement specifies that "no secondment may last beyond the end of the TEC's fifth full year of operation".45 As the last TEC to become operational did so in October 1991, all TEC staff must now be directly employed.

IV Functions

TECs have taken over responsibility for running a wide range of what used to be centralised Government training programmes. In most cases, the programmes are actually delivered by "providers" who may be employers, colleges, voluntary organisations or training companies. The TEC enters into annual contracts with these providers. Many clients, particularly the unemployed, are referred by the Employment Service. The TECs also have responsibilities in the area of advice and support for small businesses, though these functions are increasingly being taken over by Business Links. TECs are often involved as partners in local projects linked to training and enterprise.

Individual TECs frequently give programmes a different name from the standard "national" name. Thus Youth Training and Modern Apprenticeships go under the name of "Directions" in Wiltshire and "Career Plus" in North Nottinghamshire while Training for Work is called "Select" in Wiltshire and "Jobskills" in North Nottinghamshire.46 Whilst there are certain basic programmes (eg training for young people and for unemployed adults) which TECs must deliver, they also have a certain amount of discretion to introduce variations and initiatives of their own. At different times, different TECs will be participating in different pilot schemes. National schemes also change with bewildering frequency. The list below, therefore, illustrates the range of services offered by the TECs either at present or in the recent past:

• Training For Young People (including Youth Training, Modern Apprenticeships, and Youth Credits)

• Training For Work (the government programme for training unemployed adults)

45 Schedule Q3.2 46 Wiltshire TEC Annual Review 1995-96; North Nottinghamshire TEC Annual Report 1995-96

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• Employer Investment In People (including recognising companies as Investors In People)

• Career Development Loans - TECs can endorse applications from the unemployed

• Careers Service - TECs are partners, usually with Local Education Authorities, in most of the companies contracted to provide local careers services

• Business Enterprise Services - such as counselling, management training, business seminars, diagnostic and consultancy services (delivered through Business Links)

• Business Links - TECs are involved in all Business Links

• Out of School Childcare Initiative

• Work Experience

• Initiatives Funded through the Single Regeneration Budget Challenge Fund

• Initiatives funded through the Local Competitiveness Budget

• Adult Learning Information and Guidance

• Skills for Small Businesses

• Education Business Partnerships

• Further Education Competitiveness and Development Funds (in conjunction with FE colleges)

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V Funding

More than 95% of the English TECs' income (£1,680 million in 1995/96) comes from Government and European sources.47 In 1995/96 these TECs were contracted to deliver programmes and activities worth £1,518m to the DfEE,48 £102m to the DTI and £36m to the DoE.49 The bulk of the money is intended for Training for Young People (42.2%) and Training for Unemployed Adults (33.2%).50 The amount of money disbursed through TECs has not been as high as originally expected. The original TEC prospectus, issued in March 1989, predicted that "almost £3 billion of public funds will be contracted through TECs when the TEC network is complete". This figure has not been reached . TEC budgets for Employment Department programmes for England have declined from a high of £1.86 billion in 1993/94 to £1.46 billion in 1996/97. Appendix 5 lists the Employment Department budget for each English TEC for each year since 1991/92.

It is difficult to gain an overall impression of the scale of TEC funding and activity because it is so fragmented. The Education and Employment Committee criticised this omission in its report on the Department for Education and Employment's Expenditure Plans 1996-97 to 1998-99:

"The former Employment Committee undertook an inquiry into the work of Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) which pointed to the lack of detailed information available about some aspects of TEC activity. No government department has responsibility for publishing figures for overall spending by TECs. The DfEE, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of the Environment and the Further Education Funding Council each finance TEC programmes. Yet nowhere are consolidated spending figures published, nor, for that matter are consolidated figures for the number of TEC employees. We find such omissions unacceptable."51

To the list of departments involved, one could add the Welsh Office, and, in Scotland, Scottish Enterprise and Highland and Island Enterprise.

Funding is delivered through a variety of mechanisms, which are varied from year to year, and are rather difficult to understand. The DfEE's Efficiency Scrutiny, The TEC Contract and Management Fee, contains an Annex, reproduced as Appendix 4 to this paper which lists the TEC programmes and activities funded in 1995/96 and their funding method. The funding arrangements for the four largest programmes are described as follows:

47 DfEE Efficiency Scrutiny, The TEC Contract and Management Fee, 1996, Executive Summary 48 The sum was reduced to £1,484m in 1996-97 (HC Deb 20 March 1997, c 877W) and to £1,444m in 1997/98 (Agenda, December 1996, "Budgets cut but YT funds salvaged") 49 DfEE Efficiency Scrutiny, op cit, para 1.2 50 Ibid, pie chart, p 6 51 HC 76, 1996/97, paras 15-16

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• Youth Training/Youth Credits/Modern Apprenticeships - "TECs submit bids to Government Offices for volumes of trainees. Government Office and TEC agree volumes of weeks and outputs and unit price, to meet Government Office targets. TECs are paid 25-40% of their budget for outputs and the balance for weeks."

• Training for Work - "Starts and output volumes and unit prices agreed, with separate targets for people with special needs and 18-24 year olds unemployed for over 2 years. 25% of budget paid for starts and rest for outcomes."

• Employer Investment in People - "Payment for agreed activities in 3 categories: employer awareness, employer support and IIP development. Targets set for IIP commitments and recognitions. Reimbursement of agreed expenditure."

• TEC Management Fee - "The budget is agreed with the Government Office and paid in equal instalments. No evidence of expenditure is required, except for certain pension costs."

VI Accountability

The chief mechanism for securing public accountability for the £1.5 billion or so of public money the TECs spend each year is the performance contract each TEC signs with the Department for Education and Employment [See Section II above]. The TEC Prospectus, issued in March 1989 (when it was expected that TECs would spend £3 billion p.a.), explained this control as follows:52

"TECs are big business. Almost £3 billion of public funds will be contracted through TECs when the TEC network is complete. For this reason, the Government need to be assured that a TEC is competently and properly managed and that it is publicly accountable for the expenditure of its budget.

Performance Contracts

The TEC will operate under a performance contract with the Training Agency. The contract will be the instrument governing the relationship between the TEC and the Government. It will specify standards for management and performance such as job placement rates and numbers of qualifications attained. These standards will be adjusted for each TEC to reflect the economic and social profile of the area. TECs that exceed their performance goals will receive a bonus which will be added to their Local Initiative Fund. Those that fail to meet contractual standards will be asked to submit a corrective action plan to the Training Agency. Clearly, if a TEC continues to

52 Department of Employment, "Training and Enterprise Councils: a prospectus for the 1990s", March 1989

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underperform it will be subject to contract cancellation.

Budgets

The budget of each TEC will be agreed taking into account factors such as the local population and economic conditions. The budget will be divided into five blocks: Employment Training; Youth Training; Business Growth and Enterprise; the Local Initiative Fund, and a Management Budget. The Local Initiative Fund may be applied to any of the first three blocks or it may be used for new programme development activities. TECs which meet agreed targets may move up to 5 per cent of a block between the first four blocks, and up to an additional 5 per cent with the approval of the Training Agency Regional Director. TECs will be able to carry money forward between financial years provided excessive balances are not built up.

Information Systems

The need to account for millions of pounds of public expenditure and the demands of a performance management system require careful and detailed reporting. The Training Agency will provide each TEC with the systems and equipment to assure consistent, accurate and timely monitoring of money and clients.

The TEC will be responsible for assessing and developing the quality and performance of its contractors. The information system will be an important management tool for planning and for resource allocation."

Some things have changed since then. The five block funding system has been superseded and the Training Agency replaced by the Government Offices for the regions but the principles remain the same. The TEC Licensing Agreement requires the TEC (and its subsidiaries and providers) to open its records to representatives of the Secretary of State, the European Commission or European Court of Auditors and the National Audit Office.53

Following criticisms of TECs' accountability, the TEC National Council drew up A Framework for the Local Accountability of Training and Enterprise Councils in England and Wales and a code of Standards of Conduct for the Members of Boards of Training and Enterprise Councils in 1995. The Framework set five practical principles which every TEC should apply:

1. They demonstrate clarity and openness in the selection of well-qualified and trained Board members.

2. They ensure that their Board is seen to act effectively in the best interests of the

53 TEC Licensing Agreement, 1996, para 12

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local community.

3. They will be open about their performance, and about their employment and financial policies.

4. Dealings with customers are on the basis of openness and high quality service, with a robust complaints procedure.

5. In dealing with partners and suppliers they seek to be trustworthy, transparent and follow fair commercial practice."

Lord Nolan, in his Second Report on Standards in Public Life, was "impressed by the considerable efforts that have been made by all involved with TECs and LECs in recent years to overcome many of the propriety and governance problems of their early years and to develop and implement effective rules".54 He pointed to the ways in which Government could exercise control over TECs (and LECs):

• by issuing them with draft Memoranda and Articles of Association which they subsequently need permission to amend

• by setting criteria for eligibility for board membership

• by building into the TEC or LEC contract or licensing agreement detailed provisions about governance and operational matters, and

• by specifying in detail in contracts or licensing agreements the services to be delivered against various budget lines."

A table overleaf sets out the way in which the chief governance issues are dealt with in TECs and LECs:

54 Standards in Public Life: Local Public Spending Bodies, May 1996, Cm 3270 - I, para 198

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VII Issues

The transfer of responsibility for training and enterprise programmes to a network of local employer- led companies has raised a number of issues which are discussed in some of the material listed in section VIII of this paper. The list below highlights some of the key problems which have been identified:

• Bureaucracy - TECs and training providers have to comply with complex audit and monitoring requirements as the recipients of public money. It has been estimated that "for every £1 the Treasury votes on training....not much more than 10p or 20p gets down to the person who needs it".55

• Conflict between training and enterprise - most of the money given to TECs is for training, particularly of the unemployed, while most of the businessmen on TEC boards are mainly interested in the enterprise role. Some TECs have sought to build up their reserves (which can be spent on local enterprise and regeneration projects) by squeezing training providers who deliver poorer quality training as a result.

• Lack of uniformity - TEC boundaries are obscure - some are coterminous with local authorities, others are not; some cover very large areas, others are very small. Different TECs have different variants of the national programmes, with different names, rules and forms. This makes it particularly difficult for national training providers (like the Construction Industry Training Board) who have to contract with a number of TECs. It also means that individuals have little idea what they might be entitled to and causes problems for those who live in one TEC area but work in another.

• Overlapping roles - those seeking business advice are confronted with perhaps too many agencies to choose from. These include Business Links, Chambers of Commerce, Local Enterprise Agencies, local authorities and Government Offices for the Regions as well as TECs. The dividing line between TECs and the Employment Service when dealing with the unemployed is not always clear.

• Board membership - the rules have ensured that more businessmen become involved in local economic development, but the Boards have also been criticised as unrepresentative of local communities. Women, ethnic minorities, small firms, trade unions, voluntary organisations and local authorities are under-represented. Company chairmen and chief executives tend to be very busy people who do not have much time to devote (unpaid) to running TECs.

55 Mr Cooper of MARI Group, quoted in Employment Committee Report, The Work of TECs, HC 99 1995/96, para 16

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• Potential for abuse - the complex funding mechanism, much of which is related to the achievement of numerical targets has lent itself to abuse. There have been cases of training providers who place trainees in a job for just one week in order to trigger an output-related payment. Conflicts of interest can arise where local businessmen on TEC boards bid for contracts with the TEC.

• Output-related funding - the emphasis on payment by results (job placements or qualifications) has encouraged providers to take on only the applicants most likely to achieve these outcomes, to the detriment of those who are in most need of government help.

An Employment Committee Report on TECs, written when they were in their infancy, identified the paradox at the heart of many of the problems TECs have encountered:

"There is an inherent tension between the desire to give independence to the TECs as local market-led, employer-run voluntary organisations and the need to provide a national service to the public and to industry and commerce. As more and more tasks involving public money are laid on TECs it is essential for means to be found to reconcile national objectives with local decision-making."56

The most recent Employment Committee Report on TECs concluded:

"126. We believe that TECs have made a modest contribution to the improvement of the system of training for the unemployed, and to the promotion of economic regeneration and enterprise within the local economy. Sir Geoffrey Holland felt that their success had been in getting employers 'much more actively involved and anxious to play a major role in their local communities'. But their impact in terms of training has not been as dramatic as was hoped. As we have seen, their performance in placing people in work and gaining qualifications appears to reflect economic conditions, and not to overcome them. And we make one major qualification about any judgment on the success of TECS: the measures of TEC performance are simply not an adequate basis for any firm conclusions.

127. We regard this as symptomatic of a wider problem with TECS. As effectively monopoly contractors with the Government, they are comparatively immune to the competitive discipline of the private sector, and in some cases are slow to win the trust and confidence of local communities. Greater openness would help to contribute to the future growth and health of the TEC system.

56 Employment Committee, Fifth Report 1990/91, Training and Enterprise Councils and Vocational Training, HC 285 1990-91

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128. TECs have concerns about their funding regimes but we also believe that the control over public money cannot be jeopardised. Therefore we welcome the system of three-year licensing which should combine a sufficient level of financial oversight by the Government with the ability of the TEC to operate flexibly and to cut bureaucracy. We hope that this approach will be taken further, with reforms to the budget regime.

129. A shift away from the Government's emphasis on financial control and towards a relationship based on support and advice would show TECs that their efforts have been recognised and are appreciated; a shift towards greater involvement with institutions within their local communities would show local people that TECs can be helpful engines for the development of their areas. TECs have inherited from their predecessors some of the faults of central government: bureaucracy and remoteness. TECs must continue to grow away from that inheritance, and to take their proper place within their communities."57

57 Employment Committee, First Report 1995/96, The Work of TECs, HC 99, 1995/96

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VIII Further Reading

1. White Paper, Employment for the 1990s, Cm 540. December 1988.

2. White Paper, Scottish Enterprise, Cm 534. December 1988.

3. Department of Employment, Training and Enterprise Councils: a prospectus for the 1990s, March 1989.

4. Industry Department for Scotland, Towards Scottish Enterprise. Prospectus, August 1989.

5. Industry Department for Scotland, Towards Highlands and Islands Enterprise. Prospectus, October 1989.

Strategic Guidance

6. Department of Employment, 1990s: The Skills Decade. Strategic Guidance, October 1990.

7. Department of Employment, 1992-1993 A Strategy for Skills. Guidance from the Secretary of State for Employment on Training, Vocational Education and Enterprise, November 1991

8. The Strategy for Skills and Enterprise. Guidance from the Secretary of State for Employment and the President of the Board of Trade. 1993/94, November 1992

9. TECs: Towards 2000. The Government's Strategic Guidance to TECs, May 1994

10. TECs beyond 2000. The Government's Strategic Guidance to TECs, 1996

Parliamentary material

11. Employment Committee, Fifth Report 1990/91, Training and Enterprise Councils and Vocational Training, HC 285 - I and HC 285 - II, 1990/91.

12. Employment Committee Fourth Special Report, Training and Enterprise Councils and Vocational Training. Government Reply to the Fifth Report of the Committee in Session 1990-91, HC 677 1990/91.

13. Employment Committee First Report 1995-96, The Work of TECs, HC 99, 1995/96

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14. Government's Response to the First Report from the Employment Committee, Session 1995-96: The Work of TECs, HC 363, 1995/96

15. Scottish Affairs Committee First Report 1994/95, The Operation of the Enterprise Agencies and the LECs, HC 339, 1994/95

16. Government Response to the Report of the Scottish Affairs Committee on the Operation of the Enterprise Agencies and the LECs, January 1996, Cm 3036

17. Second Report of the Committee on Standards in Public Life, Local Public Spending Bodies, May 1996, Cm 3270 -I

18. Public Accounts Committee Fifth Report 1995-96, Financial Controls in Training and Enterprise Councils in England, December 1995, HC 108 1995/96

19. Training and Enterprise Councils in England. Income and Expenditure Account 1994-95, 21 February 1996, HC 218 1995/96

20. Training and Enterprise Councils in Wales. Income and Expenditure Account 1995- 96, 14 March 1997, HC 391 1996/97

Official material

21. DfEE Efficiency Scrutiny, The TEC Contract and Management Fee, Final Report, 1996

22. DfEE Efficiency Scrutiny, The TEC Contract and Management Fee, Annexes, 1996

23. DfEE, TECs and Their Boards, by Graham Haughton et al, Research Series No 64, October 1995

24. Employment Department, The Evaluation of Training for Work Funding Pilots, June 1995 (plus Coopers and Lybrand report to the Employment Department, March 1995)

25. National Audit Office, Department for Education and Employment: Financial Control of Payments made under the Training for Work and Youth Training Programmes in England, June 1996, HC 402 1995/96

26. Department of Employment, TEC Report 1990/91, 1991.

27. Employment Department, TECs 1992, 1993

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Other Material

28. CBI, Making labour markets work. CBI policy review of the role of TECs and LECs, Autumn 1993

29. Robert Bennett, Peter Wicks, Andrew McCoshan, Local empowerment and business services. Britain's experiment with Training and Enterprise Councils, 1994

30. TEC National Council, The Role of TECs in Local Economic Development, by Amin Rajan, 1994

31. National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, In Search of Work, December 1994

32. Institute of Employment Studies, Winners and Losers. Funding Issues for the Training of People with Special Training Needs, 1995

33. Financial Times Guide, Training and Enterprise Councils. A five year review of TECs, 1995

APPENDIX I PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCIES ENGLAND & WALES

CONSTITUENCY TECS Aberavon West Wales TEC

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Aldershot Hampshire TEC Aldridge-Brownhills Walsall TEC Altrincham & Sale West Manchester TEC Alyn & Deesdale North Wales CELTEC Amber Valley Southern Derbyshire CCTE Arundel & South Downs Sussex Enterprise

Ashfield Greater Nottingham TEC: Following wards only Jacksdale, Wood house, Eastwood East, Eastwood North, Eastwood South

North Nottinghamshire TEC: Following wards only Kirkby in Ashfield Central, Kirkby in Ashfield East Kirkby in Ashfield West, Selston, Sutton in Ashfield East, Sutton in Ashfield Central, Sutton in Ashfield North, Sutton in Ashfield West Underwood

Ashford Kent TEC

Ashton under Lyne Manchester TEC: Following wards only Ashton Hurst, Ashton St. Michaels, Ashton St. Peters, Ashton Waterloo, Droylsden East, Droylsden West,

Oldham CCTE: Following wards only Failsworth East, Failsworth West, Hollinwood.

Aylesbury Thames Valley Enterprise Banbury Heart of England TEC Barking London East TEC Barnsley East & Mexborough Barnsley and Doncaster TEC Barnsley Central West & Penistone Barnsley and Doncaster TEC Barrow and Furness Cumbria TEC Basildon Essex TEC Basingtoke Hampshire TEC Bassetlaw North Nottinghamshire TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Bath WESTEC Batley and Spen Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Battersea AZTEC Beaconsfield Thames Valley Enterprise Beckenham SOLOTEC

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Bedford Bedfordshire TEC Bedfordshire Mid Bedfordshire TEC Bedfordshire N/E Bedfordshire TEC Bedfordshire S/W Bedfordshire TEC Berwick-upon-Tweed Northumberland TEC Bethnal Green & Bow London East TEC Beverley and Holderness Humberside TEC Bexhill & Battle Sussex Enterprise Bexleyheath & Crayford SOLOTEC Billericay Essex TEC Birkenhead CEWTEC Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Erdington Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Hall Green Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Hodge Hill Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Ladywood Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Northfield Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Perry Bar Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Selly Oak Birmingham TEC Birmingham, Sparbrook and Small Birmingham TEC Heath Birmingham, Yardley Birmingham TEC Bishop Aukland County Durham & Darlington Blaby Leicestershire TEC Blackburn ELTEC (East Lancashire) Blackpool North & Fleetwood LAWTEC Blackpool South LAWTEC Blaneau Gwent Gwent TEC Blaydon Tyneside TEC Blyth Valley Northumberland TEC Bognor Regis & Littlehampton Sussex Enterprise Bolsover North Derbyshire TEC Bolton North East Bolton Bury TEC Bolton South East Bolton Bury TEC Bolton West Bolton Bury TEC Bootle Merseyside TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Boston & Skegness Lincolnshire TEC Bosworth Leicestershire TEC Bournemouth East Dorset TEC Bournemouth West Dorset TEC Bracknell Thames Valley Enterprise

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Bradford North Bradford & District TEC Bradford South Bradford & District TEC Bradford West Bradford & District TEC Braintree Essex TEC Brecon & Radonshire Powys TEC Brent East North West London TEC Brent North North West London TEC Brent South North West London TEC Brentwood & Isleworth West London TEC Brentwood /Ongar Essex TEC Bridgend Mid Glamorgan TEC Bridgewater Somerset TEC Brigg and Goole Humberside TEC Brighton, Kemptown Sussex Enterprise Brighton, Pavilion Sussex Enterprise Bristol East WESTEC Bristol North West WESTEC Bristol South WESTEC Bristol West WESTEC Bromley & Chislehurst SOLOTEC Bromsgrove Central England TEC Broxbourne Hertfordshire TEC Broxtowe Greater Nottingham TEC

Buckingham Milton Keynes & N/Bucks: Following wards only Buckingham North, Buckingham South, Great Brickhill, Great Horwood, Luffield Abbey, Newton Longville, Steeple Claydon, Stewkley, Winslow.

Thames Valley Enterprise: Following wards only Aston Clinton, Bierton, Brill, Cheddington, Eddlesborough, Grendon Underwood, Haddenham, Hogshaw,Long Crendon, Marsh Gibbon, Oakley, Pitstone, Quainton, Stone, Tingewick, Waddesdon, Wing, Wingrave. CONSTITUENCY TECS Burnley ELTEC (East Lancashire) Burton Staffordshire TEC Bury North Bolton Bury TEC Bury South Bolton Bury TEC Bury St. Edmonds Suffolk TEC

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Caernarfon North Wales CELTEC Caerphilly Gwent TEC Calder Valley Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Camberwell & Peckham Focus Central London TEC Cambridge Cambs TEC

Cambridgeshire North East Greater Peterborough TEC: Following wards only Benwick & Doddington,Chatteris East, Chatteris North, Chatteris South, Chatteris West, B155 Elm, Leverington, Manea, March East, March North, March West, Newton & Tydd St Giles, Outwell & Upwell, Parson Drove & Wisbech Whittlesey South, Whittlesey West, Wimblington, Wisbech East, Wisbech North, Wisbech North East, Wisbech South West, Eye Newborough, Thorney.

CambsTEC: Following wards only Downham, Littleport, Sutton.

Cambridgeshire North West CambsTEC: Following wards only Bury, Earith, Ramsey, Sawtry, Somersham, Upwood & the Raveleys, Warboys

Greater Peterborough TEC: Following wards only Elton, Farcet, Stilton, Yaxley, Barnack, Fletton, Glinton, Northborough, Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville, Stanground, Wittering.

Cambridgeshire South CambsTEC Cambridgeshire South East CambsTEC Cannock Chase Staffordshire TEC Canterbury Kent TEC Cardiff Central South Glamorgan TEC Cardiff North South Glamorgan TEC Cardiff South & Penarth South Glamorgan TEC Cardiff West South Glamorgan TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Carlisle Cumbria TEC Carmarthen East & Dinefwr West Wales TEC Carmarthen West & West Wales TEC S Pembrokeshire Carshalton & Wallington SOLOTEC

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Castle Point Essex TEC Ceridigion West Wales TEC Charnwood Leicestershire TEC Chatam & Aylesford Kent TEC Cheadle Stockport and High Peak TEC Chelmsford West Essex TEC Cheltenham Gloucestershire TEC Chesham & Amersham Thames Valley Enterprise Chester, City of CEWTEC Chesterfield North Derbyshire TEC Chichester Sussex Enterprise Chingford & Woodford Green London East TEC Chipping Barnet North London TEC Chorley LAWTEC Christchurch Dorset TEC City of London & Westminster Focus Central London TEC Cleethorpes Humberside TEC Clwyd South North Wales CELTEC Clwyd West North Wales CELTEC Colchester Essex TEC Colne Valley Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Congleton South and East Chesire TEC Conwy North Wales CELTEC Copeland Cumbria TEC Corby Northamptonshire CCTE Cornwall North Devon and Cornwall TEC Cornwall South East Devon and Cornwall TEC Cotswold Gloucestershire TEC Coventry North East Coventry and Warwickshire TEC Coventry North West Coventry and Warwickshire TEC Coventry South Coventry and Warwickshire TEC Crawley Sussex Enterprise Crewe & Nantwich South and East Chesire TEC Crosby Merseyside TEC Croyden Central SOLOTEC Croyden North SOLOTEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Croyden South SOLOTEC Cynon Valley Mid Glamorgan TEC+B217 Dagenham London East TEC Darlington County Durham & Darlington Dartford Kent TEC

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Daventry Northamptonshire CCTE Delyn North Wales CELTEC

Denton & Reddish Manchester TEC: Following wards only: Audenshaw, Denton North East, Denton South, Denton West, Dukinfield.

Stockport and High Peak TEC: Following wards only North Reddish, South Reddish

Derby North Southern Derbyshire CCTE Derby South Southern Derbyshire CCTE Derbyshire North East North Derbyshire TEC Derbyshire South Southern Derbyshire CCTE

Derbyshire West North Derbyshire TEC: Following wards only All Saints, Ashford & Longston, Bakewell, Baslow, Bradwell, Brassington & Parwich, Calver, Darley Dale, Eyam & Stoney, Middleton, Hatington & Dovedale, Hathersage, Masson, St. Giles & Tansley, Stanton, Taddington, Tideswell, Winster & South Darley, Wirksworth.

Southern Derbyshire CCTE: Following wards only Alport, Belper East, Belper North, Belper South, Duffield, South West Parishes, Ashbourne, Brailsford, Clifton & Bradley, Doveridge, Hulland, Norbury, Youlgreave.

Devizes Wiltshire TEC Devon East Devon and Cornwall TEC Devon North Devon and Cornwall TEC Devon South West Devon and Cornwall TEC Dewsbury Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Don Valley Barnsley and Doncaster TEC Doncaster Central Barnsley and Doncaster TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Doncaster North Barnsley and Doncaster TEC Dorset East Dorset TEC Dorset North Dorset TEC Dorset South Dorset TEC Dorset West Dorset TEC

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Dorset Mid and North Poole Dorset TEC Dover Kent TEC Dudley North Dudley TEC Dudley South Dudley TEC Dulwich & West Norwood Focus Central London TEC Durham North County Durham & Darlington TEC Durham North West County Durham & Darlington TEC Durham, City of County Durham & Darlington TEC

Ealing Acton & Shepherds Bush West London TEC: Following wards only Hanger Lane, Heathfield, Southfield, Springfield, Vale, Victoria.

Focus Central London TEC: Following Wards only College Park & Old Park, Coningham, Starch Green, White, City & Shepherds Bush, Wormholt.

Ealing North West London TEC Ealing Southall West London TEC Easington County Durham & Darlington TEC East Ham London East TEC Eastbourne Sussex Enterprise Eastleigh Hampshire TEC Eccles Manchester TEC

Eddisbury CEWTEC: Following wards only Barrow, Farndon, Malpas, Tarvin, Tattenhall, Tilston, Waverton.

North and Mid Chesire TEC: Following wards only Cuddington & Marton, Davenham & Moulton, Gravel, Mara, Oulton, Over One, Over Two, B296 Swanlow, Taporley, Vale Royal, Wharton.

South and East Chesire TEC: Following wards only Acton, Audlem, Bunbury, Combermere, Minshull, CONSTITUENCY TECS Eddisbury cont. Peckforton, Wrenbury

Edmonton North London TEC Ellesmere Port & Neston CEWTEC Elmet Leeds TEC

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Eltham SOLOTEC Enfield North North London TEC Enfield Southgate North London TEC Epping Forest Essex TEC Epsom & Ewell Surrey TEC Erewash Southern Derbyshire CCTE Erith & Thamesmead SOLOTEC Esher & Walton Surrey TEC Essex North Essex TEC Exeter Devon and Cornwall TEC Falmouth and Cambourne Devon and Cornwall TEC Fareham Hampshire TEC Faversham and Mid Kent Kent TEC Feltham & Heston West London TEC Finchley and Golders Green North London TEC Folkestone and Hythe Kent TEC Forest of Dean Gloucestershire TEC Fylde LAWTEC Gainsborough Lincolnshire TEC

Gateshead E & Wahington West Tyneside TEC: Following wards only Chowdene, Felling, High Fell, Pelaw & Heworth,

Sunderland City TEC: Following wards only Washington South, Washington West

Gedling Greater Nottingham TEC Gillingham Kent TEC Gloucester Gloucestershire TEC Gosport Hampshire TEC Gower West Wales TEC

Grantham & Stamford Lincolnshire TEC: Following wards only Aveland, Barrowby, Belmont, Casewick, Devon, Earlesfield, Forest, Glen Eden, Grantham St Johns, Greyfriers, Harrowby, CONSTITUENCY TECS Grantham & Stamford cont. Isaac Newton, Lincrest, Morkery, Mockery Peascliffe, Ringstonne, St Annes, StWulfrus, Toller

Grantham & Stamford cont. Greater Peterborough TEC: Following wards only All Saints, Bourne East, Bourne West, Hillsides,

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St. Georges, St. Marys, Stamford St. Johns

Gravesham Kent TEC Great Grimsby Humberside TEC Great Yarmouth Norfolk and Waveney TEC Greenwich & Woolwich SOLOTEC Guildford Surrey TEC Hackney N & Stoke Newington Focus Central London TEC Hackney South & Shoreditch Focus Central London TEC Halesowen & Rowley Regis Dudley TEC: Following wards only Belle Vale & Hasbury, Halesowen North, Halesowen South, Hayley Green.

Sandwell TEC: Following wards only Blackheath, Cradley Heath & Old Hill, Rowley

Halifax Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Halton North and Mid Chesire TEC Haltemprice and Howden Humberside TEC Hammersmith & Fulham Focus Central London TEC Hampshire East Hampshire TEC Hampshire North East Hampshire TEC Hampshire North West Hampshire TEC Hampstead & Highgate Focus Central London TEC Harborough Leicestershire TEC Harlow Essex TEC Harrogate & Knaresborough North Yorkshire TEC Harrow East North West London TEC Harrow West North West London TEC Hartlepool Teesside TEC Harwich Essex TEC Hastings & Rye Sussex Enterprise Haughton & Washington East Sunderland City TEC Havant Hampshire TEC Hayes & Harlington West London TEC Hazel Grove Stockport and High Peak TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshire TEC Hemsworth Wakefield TEC Hendon North London TEC

Henley Heart of England TEC: Following wards only:

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Aston Rowant, Benson, Berinsfield, Chalgrave, Chinnor, Clifton Hampden, Cowmarsh, Dorchester, Forest Hill, Great Milton, Horspath, Thame South, Wattlington, Wheatley

Thames Valley Enterprise: Following wards only Henley, Thame North, Goring, Goring Heath, Woodcote, Kidmere End, Sonning Common, Shiplake, Rotherfield Peppard, Nettlebed

Hereford Hereford and Worcester CCTE Hereford and Stortford Hertfordshire TEC Hertfordshire North North East Hertfordshire TEC Hertfordshire South West Hertfordshire TEC Hertsmere Hertfordshire TEC Hexham Northumberland TEC Heywood & Middleton Rochdale TEC

High Peak North Derbyshire TEC: Following wards only Bradwell, Hathersage, Tideswell.

Stockport and High Peak TEC: Following wards only All Saints, Barmoor, Barms, Blackbrook, Central, Chapel EastChapel West, College, Corbar, Cote Heath, Gamesley, Hayfield, Ladybower, Limestone Peak, New Mills North, New Mills South, Peveril, St. Andrews, St. Charles, St. James, St. Johns, Stone Beach, Tintwistle, Whaley Bridge.

Hitchin and Harpenden Hertfordshire TEC Holborn & St. Pancras Focus Central London TEC Hornchurch London East TEC Hornsey and Wood green North London TEC Horsham Sussex Enterprise Houghton & Washington East Sunderland City TEC Hove Sussex Enterprise CONSTITUENCY TECS Huddersfield Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Huntingdon Greater Peterborough TEC Hyndburn ELTEC (East Lancashire) Illford North London East TEC Illford South London East TEC

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Ipswich Suffolk TEC Isle of White Wight Training and Enterprise Islington North Focus Central London TEC Islington South & Finsbury Focus Central London TEC Islwyn Gwent TEC Jarrow Tyneside TEC Keighly Bradford & District TEC Kensington & Chelsea Focus Central London TEC Kettering Northamptonshire CCTE Kingston and Surbiton AZTEC Kingston upon Hull East Humberside TEC Kingston upon Hull North Humberside TEC Kingston upon Hull W & Hessle Humberside TEC Kingswood WESTEC Knowsley North & Sefton East Merseyside TEC Knowsley South Merseyside TEC Lancashire West LAWTEC Lancaster & Wyre LAWTEC Leeds Central Leeds TEC Leeds East Leeds TEC Leeds North East Leeds TEC Leeds North West Leeds TEC Leeds West Leeds TEC Leicester East Leicestershire TEC Leicester South Leicestershire TEC Leicester West Leicestershire TEC Leicestershire North West Leicestershire TEC Leigh METROTEC (Wigan) Leominster Hereford and Worcester CCTE Lewes Sussex Enterprise Lewisham, Deptford SOLOTEC Lewisham East SOLOTEC Lewisham West SOLOTEC Leyton & Wanstead London East TEC Lichfield Staffordshire TEC Lincoln Lincolnshire TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Liverpool, Garston Merseyside TEC Liverpool, Riverside Merseyside TEC Liverpool, Walton Merseyside TEC Liverpool, Wavertree Merseyside TEC Liverpool, West Derby Merseyside TEC

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Llanelli West Wales TEC Loughborough Leicestershire TEC Louth & Horncastle Lincolnshire TEC Ludlow Shropshire CCTE Luton North Bedfordshire TEC Luton South Bedfordshire TEC Macclesfield South and East Chesire TEC Maidenhead Thames Valley Enterprise Maidstone and The Weald Kent TEC Makerfield METROTEC (Wigan) Maldon/Chelmsford East Essex TEC Manchester, Blackley Manchester TEC Manchester, Central Manchester TEC Manchester, Gorton Manchester TEC Manchester, Withington Manchester TEC Mansfield North Nottinghamshire TEC Medway Kent TEC Meriden Central England TEC Merionnydd Nant Conwy North Wales CELTEC

Merthyr Tydfil & Rhymney Gwent TEC: Following wards only Abertysswg, Darren, Valley, Moriah, New Tradegar, Pontlottyn, Tir-Phil, Twyn Carno,

Mid Glamorgan: Following wards only Bedlinog, Cyfartha, Dowlais, Gurnos, Merthyr Tydfil, Park, Penydarren, Plymouth, Town, Treharris, Vaynor.

Middlesborough Teesside TEC Middlesborough S & Cleveland E Teesside TEC Milton Keynes North East Milton Keynes & N/Bucks Milton Keynes South West Milton Keynes & N/Bucks Mitcham and Morden AZTEC Mole Valley Surrey TEC Monmouth Gwent TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Montgomeryshire Powys TEC Morecambe and Lunesdale LAWTEC Morley & Rothwell Leeds TEC Neath West Wales TEC New Forest East Hampshire TEC

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New Forest West Hampshire TEC Newark North Nottinghamshire TEC Newbury Thames Valley Enterprise Newcastle-under-Lyme Staffordshire TEC Newcastle-upon-Tyne Central Tyneside TEC Newcastle-upon-Tyne E & Wallsend Tyneside TEC Newcastle-upon-Tyne North Tyneside TEC Newport East Gwent TEC Newport West Gwent TEC Norfolk Mid Norfolk and Waveney TEC Norfolk North Norfolk and Waveney TEC Norfolk South Norfolk and Waveney TEC Norfolk South West Norfolk and Waveney TEC Normanton Wakefield TEC North Southwalk & Bermondsey Focus Central London TEC Northampton North Northamptonshire CCTE Northampton South Northamptonshire CCTE Northavon WESTEC Norwich North Norfolk and Waveney TEC Norwich South Norfolk and Waveney TEC Nottingham East Greater Nottingham TEC Nottingham North Greater Nottingham TEC Nottingham South Greater Nottingham TEC Nuneaton Coventry and Warwickshire Ogmore Mid Glamorgan Old Bexley & Sidcup SOLOTEC

Oldham East & Saddleworth Oldham CCTE: Following wards only Crompton, Saddleworth, Saddleworth East, Saddleworth West, St James, St Marys, Shaw, Waterhead

Rochdale TEC: Following ward only Milnrow

Oldham West & Rayton Oldham CCTE CONSTITUENCY TECS Orpington SOLOTEC Oxford East Heart of England TEC Oxford West & Abingdon Heart of England TEC Pendle ELTEC (East Lancashire) Penrith and The Border Cumbria TEC

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Peterborough, City of Greater Peterborough TEC Plymouth, Devonport Devon & Cornwall TEC Plymouth, Sutton Devon & Cornwall TEC Pontefract & Castleford Wakefield TEC Pontypridd Mid Glamorgan Poole Dorset TEC Poplar & Canning Town London East TEC Portsmouth North Hampshire TEC Portsmouth South Hampshire TEC Preseli Pembrokeshire West Wales TEC Preston LAWTEC Pudsey Leeds TEC Putney AZTEC Rayleigh Essex TEC Reading East Thames Valley Enterprise Reading West Thames Valley Enterprise Redcar Teesside TEC

Redditch Central England TEC: Following wards only Abbey, Batchley, Central, Church Hill, Crabbs Cross, Feckenham, Greenlands, Lodge Park, Matchborough, West, Winyates

Hereford and Worcester CCTE: Following wards only Inkberrow

Regents Park & Kensington N Focus Central London TEC Reigate Surrey TEC Rhondda Mid Glamorgan TEC Ribble South LAWTEC

Ribble Valley ELTEC (East Lancashire): Following wards only Aighton Bailey & Chaigley, Alston, Billington, Bolton-by-Bowland, Chatburn, Chipping, Clayton-le-Dale & Salesbury, Dilworth, Edisford, Low Morland Trinity, Gisburn, Rimmington, CONSTITUENCY TECS Ribble Valley cont. Grammar School, Grindleton & West Bradford, Mellor, Read, Ribblesdale, Ribchester, Sabden St. James, Simonstone, Waddington, Whalley, Wilpshire, Wiswell & Pendleton.

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LAWTEC: Following wards only Cadley, Greyfriers, Preston Rural East, Sharoe Green, Sherwood.

Richmond North Yorkshire TEC

Richmond Park AZTEC: Following wards only Cambridge, Canbury, Coombe, Hill, Tudor.

West London TEC: Following wards only Barnes, East Sheen, Ham & Petersham, Kew, Mortlake, Palewell, Richmond Hill, Richmond Town

Rochdale Rochdale TEC Rochford/Southend East Essex TEC Romford London East TEC Romsey Hampshire TEC Rossendale and Darwen ELTEC (East Lancashire) Rother Valley Rotherham TEC Rotherham Rotherham TEC Rugby and Kenilworth Coventry and Warwickshire Ruislip Northwood West London TEC Runnymede & Weybridge Surrey TEC Rushcilffe Greater Nottingham TEC Rutland & Melton Leicestershire TEC Ryedale North Yorkshire TEC Saffron Waldon Essex TEC Salford Manchester TEC Salisbury Wiltshire TEC Scarborough & Whitby North Yorkshire TEC Scunthorpe Humberside TEC Sedgefield County Durham & Darlington Selby North Yorkshire TEC Sevenoaks Kent TEC Sheffield Attercliffe Sheffield TEC Sheffield Brightside Sheffield TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Sheffield Central Sheffield TEC Sheffield, Hallam Sheffield TEC Sheffield, Heeley Sheffield TEC Sheffield, Hillsborough Sheffield TEC Sherwood North Nottinghamshire TEC

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Shipley Bradford & District TEC Shrewsbury & Atcham Shropshire CCTE Shropshire North Shropshire CCTE Sittingbourne & Sheppey Kent TEC Skipton & Ripon North Yorkshire TEC Sleaford & North Hykeham Lincolnshire TEC Slough Thames Valley Enterprise Solihull Central England TEC Somerton & Frome Somerset TEC South Holland & The Deepings Greater Peterborough TEC: Following wards only Deeping St. James, Market & West Deeping, Truesdale.

Lincolnshire TEC: Following wards only Crowland, Deeping St Nicholas, Donington, Fleet, Gedney, Gosberton Village, Holbeach Hurn, Holbeach St Johns, Long Sutton, Moulton, Pinchbeck East, Pinchbeck West, Spalding North, Spadling South, Spalding West, Surfleet, Sutton Bridge, The Saints, Weston, Whalpode.

South Shields Tyneside TEC Southampton Itchen Hampshire TEC Southampton Test Hampshire TEC Southend West Essex TEC Southport Merseyside TEC Spelthorne Surrey TEC St Albans Hertfordshire TEC St Helens North St Helens CCTE St Helens South St Helens CCTE St. Ives Devon and Cornwall TEC Stafford Staffordshire TEC Staffordshire Moorlands Staffordshire TEC

Staffordshire South Dudley TEC: Following wards only Kniver, Trysull & Seisdon, Swindon. CONSTITUENCY TECS Staffordshire South cont. Staffordshire TEC: Following wards only Brewood & Coven, Cheslyn Hay, Essington, Featherstone, Ladywood, Great Wryley Town, Shareshill.

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Wolverhampton CCTE: Following wards only Bilbrook, Codsall North, Codsall South, Great Wryley North, Lower Penn, Pattington & Patshull, Perton Central, Perton Dippons, Wombourne North, Wombourne South East, Wombourne South West

Stalybride & Hyde Manchester TEC Stevenage Hertfordshire TEC Stockport Stockport and High Peak TEC Stockton North Teesside TEC Stockton South Teesside TEC Stoke-on-Trent Central Staffordshire TEC Stoke-on-Trent North Staffordshire TEC Stoke-on-Trent South Staffordshire TEC Stone Staffordshire TEC Stourbridge Dudley TEC Stratford on Avon Coventry and Warwickshire Streatham Focus Central London TEC Stretford & Urmston Manchester TEC Stroud Gloucestershire TEC Suffolk Central & Ipswich North Suffolk TEC

Suffolk Coastal Norfolk and Waveney TEC: Following wards only Blything, Halesworth, Southwold.

Suffolk TEC: Following wards only Aldeburgh, Alderton & Sutton, Bramfield & Cratfield, Buxlow, Felixstowe Central, Felixstowe East, Felixstowe North, Felixstowe South, , Felixstowe South West, Felixstowe West, Hollesley, Kelsale, Kirton, Leiston, Martlesham, Melton, Nacton, Orford, Saxmundham, Snape, Trimleys, Tunstall, Ufford, Walsberswick, Westleton Woodbridge Central, Woodbridge Farlingaye, Woodbridge Kyson, Woodbridge, Seckford, Yoxford.

CONSTITUENCY TECS Suffolk South Suffolk TEC Suffolk West Suffolk TEC Sunderland North Sunderland City TEC Sunderland South Sunderland City TEC Surrey East Surrey TEC

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Surrey Heath Surrey TEC Surrey South West Surrey TEC Sutton & Cheam SOLOTEC Sutton Coldfield Birmingham TEC Swansea East West Wales TEC Swansea West West Wales TEC Swindon North Wiltshire TEC Swindon South Wiltshire TEC Tamworth Staffordshire TEC

Tatton North and Mid Chesire TEC: Following wards only Barnton, Cogshall, Lostock Gralam, Marston & Wincham, Rudheath & Whatcroft, Seven Oaks, Sharkerley.

South and East Chesire: Following wards only Alderley Edge, Dean Row, Fulshaw, Handfirth, High Legh, Hough, Knutsford Nether, Knutsford Over, Knutsford SouthKnutsford West, Lacey Green, Mere, Mobberley, Morley & Styal, Nether Alderley, Plumley.

Taunton Somerset TEC Teignbridge Devon and Cornwall TEC Telford Shropshire CCTE Tewkesbury Gloucestershire TEC Thanet North Kent TEC Thanet South Kent TEC Thurrock Essex TEC Tiverton and Honiton Devon and Cornwall TEC Tonbridge & Malling Kent TEC Tooting AZTEC Torbay Devon and Cornwall TEC Torfean Gwent TEC Torridge & West Devon Devon and Cornwall TEC Totnes Devon and Cornwall TEC Tottenham North London TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Truro and St. Austell Devon and Cornwall TEC Tunbbridge Wells Kent TEC Twickenham West London TEC Tyne Bridge Tyneside TEC Tynemouth Tyneside TEC

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Tyneside North Tyneside TEC Upminster London East TEC Uxbridge West London TEC Vale of Clwyd North Wales CELTEC Vale of Glamorgan South Glamorgan Vale of York North Yorkshire TEC Vauxhall Focus Central London TEC

Wakefield Calderdale & Kirklees TEC: Following wards only Denby Dale, Kirkburton.

Wakefield TEC: Following wards only Wakefield Central, Wakefield East, Wakefield North, Wakefield Rural

Wallasey CEWTEC Walsall North Walsall TEC Walsall South Walsall TEC Walthamstow London East TEC Wansbeck Northumberland TEC Wansdyke WESTEC Wantage Heart of England TEC Warley Sandwell TEC Warrington North North and Mid Chesire TEC Warrington South North and Mid Chesire TEC Warwick and Leamington Coventry and Warwickshire Warwickshire North Coventry and Warwickshire Watford Hertfordshire TEC Waveney Norfolk and Waveney TEC Wealden Sussex Enterprise Weaver Vale North and Mid Chesire TEC Wellingborough Northamptonshire CCTE Wells Somerset TEC Welwyn Hatfield Hertfordshire TEC Wentworth Rotherham TEC West Bromwich East Sandwell TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS West Bromwich West Sandwell TEC West Ham London East TEC Westbury Wiltshire TEC Westmorland & Lonsdale Cumbria TEC Weston-Super-Mare WESTEC

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Wigan METROTEC (Wigan) North Wiltshire Wiltshire TEC Wimbledon AZTEC Winchester Hampshire TEC Windsor Thames Valley Enterprise Wirral South CEWTEC Wirral West CEWTEC Witney Heart of England TEC Woking Surrey TEC Wokingham Thames Valley Enterprise Wolverhampton North East Wolverhampton CCTE Wolverhampton South East Wolverhampton CCTE Wolverhampton South West Wolverhampton CCTE Woodspring WESTEC Worcester Hereford and Worcester CCTE Worcestershire Mid Hereford and Worcester CCTE Worcestershire West Hereford and Worcester CCTE Workington Cumbria TEC Wrekin, The Shropshire CCTE Worthing East & Shoreham Sussex Enterprise Worthing West Sussex Enterprise

Worsley Manchester TEC: Following wards only Little Hulton, Walkden North, Walkden South, Worsley & Boothstown

METROTEC (Wigan): Following wards only Bedford-Astley, Hindsford, Tyldesley East.

Wrexham North Wales CELTEC Wycombe Thames Valley Enterprise Wyre Forest Central England TEC Wythenshawe & Sale East Manchester TEC

Yeovil Somerset TEC CONSTITUENCY TECS Ynys Mon North Wales CELTEC York, City of North Yorkshire TEC Yorkshire East Humberside TEC

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SCOTLAND - HIGHLAND & ISLANDS AND SCOTTISH ENTERPRISES58

CONSTITUENCY LECS Aberdeen Central Grampion Enterprise Ltd Aberdeen North Grampion Enterprise Ltd Aberdeen South Grampion Enterprise Ltd Aberdeen West & Kincardine Grampion Enterprise Ltd Airdrie & Shotts Lanarkshire Development Agency Angus Scottish Enterprise Tayside Argyll & Bute Argyll & The Islands Enterprise Ayr Enterprise Ayrshire Banff & Buchan Grampion Enterprise

Caithness, Sutherland & Easter Ross Caithness & Sutherland Enterpirse: Following areas only Caithness & Sutherland district.

Ross and Cromarty Enterprise: Following wards only Invergordon, Easter Ross, Tain of Ross & Cromarty District

Carrick Cumnock & Doon Valley Enterprise Ayrshire Clydebank & Milngavie Dumbartonshire Enterprise Clydesdale Lanarkshire Development Agency

Coatbridge & Chryston Dumbartonshire Enterprise: Following wards only Chryston of Strathkelvin district Lanarkshire: Following wards only Coatbridge North & East, Coatbridge South of Monklands district

Cumbernauld & Kilsyth Dumbartonshire Enterprise Cunninghame North Enterprise Ayrshire Cuninghame South Enterprise Ayrshire CONSTITUENCY LECS Dumbarton Dumbartonshire Enterprise Dumfries Dumfries & Galloway Enterprise Co. Dundee East Scottish Enterprise Tayside Dundee West Scottish Enterprise Tayside Dunfermline East Fife Enterprise

58 Scottish LECs are subject to correction.

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Dunfermline West Fife Enterprise East Kilbride Lanarkshire Development Agency East Lothian Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Eastwood Renfrewshire Enterprise Company Edinburgh Central Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Edinburgh East & Musselburgh Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Edinburgh North & Leith Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Edinburgh Pentlands Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Edinburgh South Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Edinburgh West Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Falkirk East Forth Valley Enterprise Falrkirk West Forth Valley Enterprise Fife Central Fife Enterprise Fife North East Fife Enterprise Galloway & Upper Nithsdale Dumfries & Galloway Enterprise Co. Glasgow, Anniesland Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Baillieston Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Cathcart Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Govan Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Kelvin Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Maryhill Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Pollock Glasgow Development Agency

Glasgow, Rutherglen Lanarkshire Development Agency: Following wards only Rutherglen/Fernhill, Cambulsang/Halfway of Glasgow City

Glasgow Development Agency: Following wards only Toryglen/Kings Park of Glasgow City

Glasgow, Shettleston Glasgow Development Agency Glasgow, Springbourne Glasgow Development Agency

Gordon Moray Badenoch, Strathspey Enterprise: Following wards only: Strathisla of Moray district, Lower Deveron & Upper Ythan of Banff & Buchan district. CONSTITUENCY LECS Gordon cont. Grampion Enterprise Ltd: Following wards only West Gordon, Kintore & Newmacher, Inverurie, Garioch, East Gordon, Formartine of Gordon district

Greenock & Inverclyde Argyll and The Islands

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Hamilton North & Belshill Lanarkshire Development Agency Hamilton South Lanarkshire Development Agency

Inverness East, Nairn & Lochaber Lochaber Limited: Lochaber district only

Inverness & Nairn Enterprise: Following wards only Old Edinburgh, Alt na Sgitheach, Drummond, Hilton, Ardersier Petty & Balloch, Inshes, Culloden & Smithton Strathdearn Strathnairn & Loch Ness East, of Inverness distrcit

Moray Badenoch, Strathspey Enterprise: Badenoch & Strathspey district

Kilmarnock & Loudoun Enterprise Ayrshire Kirckaldy Fife Enterprise Linlithgow Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Livingston Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Midlothian Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd Moray Moray Badenoch, Strathspey Enterprise Motherwell & Wishaw Lanarkshire Development Agency

Ochil Forth Valley Enterprise: Clackmannan district

Scottish Enterprise Tayside: Following wards only Caresland, Airthrey, of Sterling district. Kinross of Perth & Kinross district.

Orkney & Shetland Orkney Enterprise Shetland Enterprise

Paisley North Glasgow Development Agency Paisley South Glasgow Development Agency Perth Scottish Enterprise Tayside Renfrewshire West Renfrewshire Enterprise Company

CONSTITUENCY LECS Ross Skye & Inverness West Inverness & Nairn Enterprise: Following wards only Old Merkinch, Caledonian Canal, Ballifeary-Columba, Aird South, Aird North, Scorguie of Inverness district

Ross and Cromarty Enterprise: Following wards only

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Lochbroom, Wester Ross, Strathconon, Dingwell, Ord & Conon, Black Isles West, Black Isles East, Ferindonald, Alness & Ardross, of Ross & Cromarty district

Skye & Lochalsh Enterprise: Skye & Loclash district

Roxburgh & Berwickshire Scottish Borders Enterprise Stirling Forth Valley Enterprise Strathkelvin & Bearsden Dumbartonshire Enterprise Tayside North Scottish Enterprise Tayside

Tweedale Etterick & Lauderdale Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise Ltd: Following wards only Penicuik of Midlothian district

Scottish Borders: Following wards only Etterick & Lauderdale, Old Selkirk, Forest, Leaderdale, Elidon, B153Galawater, Galashiels West, Galashiels East, Galashiels South Western Isles Western Isles Enterprise

Appendix 2: Names and Addresses of Tecs in England and Wales

[Reproduced from the DfEE's Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) Contacts and Addresses Booklet, April 1997 edition].

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AZTEC Manorgate House Chairman: Mr David Hill 2 Manorgate Road Chief Executive: Mr Ian Parkes Kingston Upon Thames Tel: 0181 547 3934 KT2 7AL Fax: 0181 547 3884

Barnsley and Doncaster TEC Conference Centre Chairman: Mr Richard Bailey Eldon Street Chief Executive: Mr Tony Goulbourn Barnsley Tel: 01226 248088 S70 2JL Fax: 01226 291625

Bedfordshire TEC Woburn Court 2 Railton Road Woburn Road Industrial Estate Chairman: Mr Brian de la Salle Kempston Chief Executive: Mr Richard Lacy Bedfordshire Tel: 01234 843100 MK42 7PN Fax: 01234 843211

Birmingham TEC Chaplin Court Chairman: Mr Beith Burke OBE 80 Hurst Street Chief Executive: Mr David Cragg Birmingham Tel: 0121 622 4419 B5 4TG Fax: 0121 622 1600

Bolton Bury TEC Clive House Chairman: Mr Tony Rink Clive Street Chief Executive: Mr Richard Bindless Bolton Tel: 01204 397350 BL1 1ET Fax: 01204 363212

Bradford & District TEC Mercury House Chair: Mrs Judith Donovan CBE 4 Manchester Road Chief Executive: Post Vacant Bradford Tel: 01274 751333 BD5 0QL Fax: 01274 751344

Calderdale & Kirklees TEC Park View House Woodvale Office Park Chairman: Mr Peter Skuse Woodvale Road Chief Executive: Mr Rob Napier

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Brighouse Tel: 01484 400770 HD6 4AB Fax: 01484 400672

Cambs TEC (Central and South Cambridgeshire) Units 2-3, Trust Court Chivers Way The Vision Park Chairman: Mr Robert Mallindine Histon Managing Director: Mr Alan Maltpress Cambridge Tel: 01223 235635 CB4 4PW Fax: 01223 235631/632

Central England TEC The Oaks Chairman: Mr Anthony George Clewes Road Chief Executive: Mr Roddy Skidmore Redditch Tel: 01527 545415 B98 7ST Fax: 01527 543032 Freefone: 0800 252633

CEWTEC (Chester, Ellesmere Port and Wirral) Egerton House Chairman: Mr David Pickering 2 Tower Road Chief Executive: Mr Alan Moody Birkenhead Tel: 0151 650 0555 Wirral Fax: 0151 650 0777 L41 1FN Freefone: 0800 132762

County Durham & Darlington TEC Valley Street North Chairman: Mr Bernard Robinson OBE Darlington Chief Executive: Mr David Hall DL1 1TJ Tel: 01325 351166 Fax: 01325 381362 Coventry and Warwickshire TEC Brandon Court Chairman: Mr George Marsh Progress Way Chief Executive: Mr Malcolm Gillespie Coventry Tel: 01203 635666 CV3 2TE Fax: 01203 450242 Freefone: 0800 252198

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Cumbria TEC Venture House Regents Court Chairman: Mr Arthur Sanderson OBE Guard Street Chief Executive: Mr Steve Palmer Workington Tel: 01900 66991 Cumbria Fax: 01900 604027 CA14 4EW Freefone: 0800 378212

Devon & Cornwall TEC Foliot House Chairman: Mr Cairns Boston MBE Brooklands Chief Executive: Mr John Mannell Budshead Road Tel: 01752 767929 Crownhill Fax: 01752 770925 Plymouth PL6 5XR Freefone: 0800 252713

Dorset TEC Provincial House Chairman: Mr Rex Symons CBE 25 Oxfod Road Chief Executive: Mr Tony Ward Bournemouth Tel: 01202 299284 BH8 8EY Fax: 01202 299457

Dudley TEC Dudley Court South Waterfront East Level Street Chairman: Mr Graham Knowles Brierley Hill Chief Executive: Mr John Woodall West Midlands Tel: 01384 485000 DY5 1XN Fax: 01384 483399

ELTEC (East Lancashire) Red Rose Court Petre Road Chairman: Mr Roger Collinge Clayton Business Park Chief Executive: Mr Mark Price Clayton-Le-Moor Tel: 01254 301333 Lancashire Fax: 01254 399090 BB5 5JR Freefone: 0800 696696

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Essex TEC Redwing House Hedgerows Business Park Colchester Road Chairman: Mr Peter Rainbird Chelmsford Managing Director: Mr Michael Clegg Essex Tel: 01245 450123 CM2 5PB Fax: 01245 451874

Focus Central London TEC 12 Grosvenor Crescent Chairman: The Hon. Charles Low London Chief Executive: Mr Jeremy Long SW1X 7EE Tel: 0171 411 3500 Fax: 0171 411 3555

Gloucestershire TEC Conway House Chairman: Mr John Hazelwood CBE 33-35 Worcester Street Chief Executive: Mr Graham Hoyle Gloucester Tel: 01452 524488 GL1 3AJ Fax: 01452 509678 Freefone: 0800 220262 Greater Nottingham TEC Marina Road Chairman: Mr John Clarke Castle Marina Park Chief Executive: Mr Jim Potts Nottingham Tel: 0115 941 3313 NG7 1TN Fax: 0115 948 4589

Greater Peterborough TEC Stuart House Chairman: Mr Philip Salisbury OBE City Road Chief Executive: Mr Michael Styles Peterborough Tel: 01733 890808 PE1 1QF Fax: 01733 890809

Gwent TEC Glyndwr House Chairman: Mr Roger Jones OBE Unit B2 Cleppa Park Chief Executive: Mr David Evans Newport Tel: 01633 817777 Gwent Fax: 01633 810980 NP1 9BA Freefone: 0800 387321

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Hampshire TEC 25 Thackeray Mall Chairman: Mr Robert Hillier Fareham Managing Director: Mr Richard Hastilow CBE Hampshire Tel: 01329 230099 PO16 0PQ Fax: 01329 237733

Hereford and Worcester CCTE Haswell House Chairman: Mr Robert Robinson St Nicholas Street Chief Executive: Mr Alan Curless Worcester Tel: 01905 723200 WR1 1UW Fax: 01905 613338

Heart of England TEC (Oxfordshire) 26-27 The Quadrant Chairman: Mr Richard Flint Abingdon Science Park Chief Executive: Mr Barrie Giles Off Barton Lane Tel: 01235 553249 Abingdon Fax 01235 555706 OX14 3YS Freefone: 0800 888500

Hertfordshire TEC 45 Grosvenor Road Chairman: Mr Philip Groves St Albans Managing Director: Mr Stewart Segal Hertfordshire Tel 01727 813600 AL1 3AW Fax: 01727 813443 Freefone: 0800 919000

Humberside TEC The Maltings Silvester Square Chairman: Mr Tony Hailey Silvester Street Managing Director: Mr Peter Fryer Hull Tel: 01482 226491 HU1 3HL Fax: 01482 213206

Kent TEC 26 Kings Hill Avenue Chairman: Mr John Broadbent Kings Hill Chief Executive: Mr Malcolm Allan West Malling Tel: 01732 220000 Kent ME19 4TA Fax: 01732 841641

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LAWTEC (Lancashire Area West) Caxton Road Chairman: Mr David Griffiths Fulwood Managing Director: Mr Tony Bickerstaffe Preston Tel: 01772 792111 PR2 9ZB Fax: 01772 792777

Leeds TEC Belgrave Hall Chairman: Mr Clive Leach Belgrave Street Chief Executive: Mr David Nelson Leeds Tel: 0113 234 7666 LS2 8DD Fax: 0113 245 1243

Leicestershire TEC Meridian East Chairman: Mr Martin Henry Meridian Business Park Chief Executive: Mr David Nelson Leicester Tel: 0116 265 1515 LE3 2WZ Fax: 0116 265 1501

Lincolnshire TEC Beech House Witham Park Chairman: Mr Keith Darwin Waterside South Chief Executive: Mr David Rossington Lincoln Tel: 01522 567765 LN5 7JH Fax: 01522 510534

London East TEC Cityside House Chairman: Mr Peter Lyne 40 Adler Street Chief Executive: Ms Susan Fey London Tel: 0171 377 1866 E1 1EE Fax: 0171 337 8003

Manchester TEC Lee House Chairman: Mr David Compston 90 Great Bridgewater Street Chief Executive: Mr Richard Guy OBE Manchester Tel: 0161 236 7222 M1 5JW Fax: 0161 236 8878

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Merseyside TEC 3rd Floor Chairman: Mr Les Howell Tithebarn House Chief Executive: Mrs Linda Bloomfield Tithebarn Street Tel: 0151 236 0026 Liverpool Fax: 0151 236 4013 L2 2NZ Freefone: 0800 317857

METROTEC (Wigan) The Investment Centre Chairman: Mr David Page Waterside Drive Chief Executive: Mr John Flamson Wigan Tel: 01942 705705 WN3 5BA Fax: 01942 705272

Mid Glamorgan TEC Unit 17-20 Centre Court Main Avenue Chairman: Mr John Phillips CBE Treforest Industrial Estate Chief Executive: Mr Allen Williams Pontypridd Tel: 01443 841594 Mid Glamorgan Fax: 01443 841578 CF37 5YL Freefone: 0800 262071

Milton Keynes & North Buckinghamshire CCTE Tempus Chairman: Mr Malcolm Brighton OBE 249 Midsummer Boulevard Chief Executive: Mr Michael Hind Central Milton Keynes Tel: 01908 660002 MK9 1EU Fax: 01908 230130

Norfolk and Waveney TEC Partnership House Unit 10 Norwich Business Park Chairman: Mr Martin Rickard Whiting Road Managing Director: Mr David Pearson Norwich Tel: 01603 763812 NR4 6DJ Fax: 01603 763813

North & Mid Cheshire TEC Spencer House Chairman: Mr Mike Carr Dewhurst Road Chief Executive: Mr Chris Blythe Birchwood Tel: 01925 826515 Warrington Fax: 01925 820215 WA3 7PP Freefone: 0800 282020

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North Derbyshire TEC Block C St Marys Court Chairman: Mr Alistair Steel St Marys Gate Chief Executive: Mr Stuart Almond Chesterfield Tel: 01246 551158 S41 7TD Fax: 01246 238489

North London TEC Dumayne House 1 Fox Lane Chairman: Mr Derek Wheeler Palmers Green Chief Executive: Mr Mike Nixon London Tel: 0181 447 9422 N13 4AB Fax: 0181 882 5931

North Nottinghamshire TEC 1st Floor, Block C Edwinstowe House High Street Chairman: Mr Tony Wilkinson Edwinstowe Chief Executive: Mrs Pat Richards Mansfield Tel: 01623 824624 NG21 9PR Fax: 01623 824070

North Wales TEC St Asaph Business Park Chairman: Mr John Torth OBE St Asaph Chief Executive: Mr Anthony Drew Denbighshire Tel: 01745 585400 LL17 0LJ Fax: 01745 585444

North West London TEC Kirkfield House 118-120 Station Road Chairman: Mr Berjis Daver Harrow Chief Executive: Mr Roy Bain Middlesex Tel: 0181 424 8866 HA1 2RL Fax: 0181 424 224

North Yorkshire TEC TEC House 7 Pioneer Business Park Amy Johnson Way Chairman: Mr Chris Ivory Clifton Moorgate Chief Executive: Mr Roger Grasby York Tel: 01904 691939 YO3 8TN Fax: 01904 690411

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Northamptonshire CCTE Royal Pavilion Summerhouse Road Chairman: Mr John Thorpe Moulton Park Industrial Estate Chief Executive: Mr Martin Wylie Northampton Tel: 01604 671200 NN3 6BJ Fax: 01604 670362

Northumberland TEC Suite 2 Craster Court Chairman: Dr Anthony Birch Manor Walk Shopping Centre Managing Director: Mrs Jacqui Henderson Cramlington Tel: 01670 713303 NE23 6XX Fax: 01670 713323

Oldham CCTE Meridian Centre Chairman: Dr Richard Fenby King Street Chief Executive: Mr John Gracie Oldham Tel: 0161 620 0006 OL8 1EZ Fax: 0161 620 0030

Powys TEC 1st Floor Chairman: Mr David Baird-Murray OBE DL St David's House Chief Executive: Mr Jim Wagstaffe Newtown Tel: 01686 622494 Powys Fax: 01686 622716 SY16 1RB Freefone: 0800 252903

Rochdale TEC St James Place 160-162 Yorkshire Street Chairman: Mr Harry Moore Rochdale Chief Executive: Mr Cliff Ellison Lancashire Tel: 01706 44909 OL16 2DL Fax: 01706 49979

Rotherham CCTE Moorgate House Chairman: Dr Giles Bloomer 23 Moorgate Road Chief Executive: Mr Christopher Duff Rotherham Tel: 01709 830511 S60 2EN Fax: 01709 362519

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Sandwell TEC 1st Floor Black Country House Rounds Green Road Chairman: Mr Keith Hirst Oldbury Chief Executive: Ms Judith Parsons Warley Tel: 0121 543 2222 West Midlands B69 2DG Fax: 0121 543 4444

Sheffield TEC St Mary's Court Chairman: Mr Dil Scrivens 55 St Mary's Road Chief Executive: Mr Keith Davie Sheffield Tel: 0114 270 1911 S2 4AQ Fax: 0114 275 2634

Shropshire CCTE Trevithick House Chairman: Mr Michael Lowe Stafford Park 4 Chief Executive: Mr Stephen Jury Telford Tel: 01952 208200 TF3 3BA Fax: 01952 208208

SOLOTEC Lancaster House 7 Elmfield Road Chairman: Mr Ralph Ellis Bromley Chief Executive: Mr John Howell Kent Tel: 0181 313 9232 BR1 1LT Fax: 0181 313 9245

Somerset TEC East Reach House Chairman: Mr Mike O'Loughlin East Reach Chief Executive: Mr Roger Phillips Taunton Tel: 01823 321188 Somerset TA1 3EN Fax: 01823 256174

South & East Cheshire TEC PO Box 37 Middlewich Industrial & Business Park Chairman: Mr Brian Lear Dalton Way Chief Executive: Ms Liz Davis Middlewich Tel: 01606 737009 Cheshire CW10 0HU Fax: 01606 737022

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South Glamorgan TEC 2-7 Drake Walk Chairman: Mr Jeff Sainsbury Brigantine Place Chief Executive: Mr Paul Sheldon Atlantic Wharf Tel: 01222 451000 Cardiff CF1 5AN Fax: 01222 450424 Freefone: 0800 212933 Southern Derbyshire CCTE St Helens Court Chairman: Mr Bryan Jackson St Helens Street Chief Executive: Ms Joy Street Derby Tel: 01332 290550 DE1 3GY Fax: 01332 292188

Staffordshire TEC Festival Way Chairman: Mr Charles Mitchell CBE Festival Park Chief Executive: Mr Richard Ward Stoke on Trent Tel: 01782 202733 Staffordshire ST1 5TQ Fax: 01782 286215

St Helens CCTE 7 Waterside Court Technology Campus Chairman: Mr Jim Mackinnon St Helens Chief Executive: Mr Peter Hulmes Merseyside Tel: 01744 742000 WA9 1UE Fax: 01744 742040

Stockport and High Peak TEC 1 St Peters Square Chairman: Mr Iain Parker Stockport Chief Executive: Mr Trevor Jones SK1 1NN Tel: 0161 477 8830 Fax: 0161 480 7243

Suffolk TEC 2nd Floor Chairman: Mr Andrew Shelley Crown House Managing Director: Mr Mike Boax Crown Street Tel: 01473 218951 Ipswich IP1 3HS Fax: 01473 231776 Freefone: 0800 181915 Sunderland City TEC Business & Innovation Centre Sunderland Enterprise Park Chairman: Mr John Anderson CBE Wearfield Managing Director: Mr Jules Preston Sunderland Tel: 0191 516 0222 Tyne & Wear SR5 2TA Fax: 0191 516 815

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Surrey TEC Technology House 48-54 Goldsworth Road Chairman: Mr Tony Beechey Woking Managing Director: Mr Richard Wormell Surr Tel: 01483 728190 GU21 1LE Fax: 01483 755259

Sussex Enterprise Greenacre Court Station Road Chairman: Mr Allan Caffyn Burgess Hill Chief Executive: Mr Ken Caldwell West Sussex Tel: 01444 259259 RH15 9DS Fax: 01444 259190

Teesside TEC Training & Enterprise House 2 Queens Square Chairman: Mr John McDougall Middlesbrough Chief Executive: Mr John Bennett Cleveland Tel: 01642 231023 TS2 1AA Fax: 01642 232480

Thames Valley Enterprise 6th Floor Chairman: Mr Richard Ferre Kings Point Chief Executive: Mr Roy Knott 120 Kings Road Tel: 01734 568156 Reading Fax: 01734 567908 RG1 3BZ Freefone: 0800 775566

Tyneside TEC Moongate House 5th Avenue Business Park Chairman: Mr Chris Sharp CBE Team Valley Trading Estate Chief Executive: Mrs Olivia Grant OBE Gateshead Tel: 0191 491 6000 NE11 0HF Fax: 0191 491 6159

Wakefield TEC Grove Hall Chairman: Mr Geoffrey Page 60 College Grove Road Chief Executive: Mr Geoffrey Badcock Wakefield Tel: 01924 299907 WF1 3RN Fax: 01924 201062

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Walsall TEC 5th Floor Townend House Chairman: Mr David Carver Townend Square Chief Executive: Mr John Hyde Walsall Tel: 01922 32332 WS1 1NS Fax: 01922 33011

West London TEC Sovereign Court 15-21 Staines Road Chairman: Mr Michael Frye Hounslow Chief Executive: Dr Phil Blackburn Middlesex Tel: 0181 577 1010 TW3 3HA Fax: 0181 570 9969

WESTEC PO Box 164 St Lawrence House Chairman: Mr Pat Hall TD 29-31 Broad Street Chief Executive: Mr Richard Barnfield Bristol Tel: 0117 927 7116 BS99 7HR Fax: 0117 922 6664

West Wales TEC 3rd Floor Orchard House Orchard Street Chairman: Mr Ray Klinck Swansea Chief Executive: Mr Chris Jones West Glamorgan Tel: 01792 354000 SA1 5DJ Fax: 01792 354001

Wight Training and Enterprise Mill Court Furlongs Chairman: Mr Roger Peck Newport Chief Executive: Mr Derek Kozel Isle of Wight Tel: 01983 822818 PO30 2AA Fax: 01983 527063

Wiltshire TEC The Bora Building Westlea Campus Westlea Down Chairman: Mr John Briffin Swindon Chief Executive: Mr Tim Boucher Wiltshire Tel: 01793 513644 SN5 7EZ Fax: 01793 542006

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Wolverhampton CCTE Pendeford Business Park Chairman: Mr Colin Leighfield Wobaston Road Chief Executive: Mr Peter Latchford Wolverhampton Tel: 01902 397787 WV9 5HA Fax: 01902 397786

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Appendix 3: Names and Addresses of Lecs in Scotland

[Reproduced from DTI booklet, A guide to help for small firms, May 1996]

HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS ENTERPRISE

Argyll and the Islands Shetland Enterprise Forth Valley Enterprises Enterprise The Toll Clock, Shopping Centre Laurel House The Enterprise Centre 26 North Road Lerwick ZE1 0PE Laurelhill Business Park Kilmory Tel 01595 3177 Stirling FK7 9JQ Lochgilphead Tel 01786 451919 Argyll PA31 8SH Skye and Lochaish Enterprise Tel 01546 602281/602563 Kings House Glasgow Development Agency The Green, Portree Atrium Court Caithness and Sutherland Isle of Skye IV51 9BS 50 Waterloo Street Glasgow G2 6HQ Enterprise Tel 01478 612841 Tel 0141 204 1111 Scapa House Castle Green Road Western Isles Enterprise Grampian Enterprise Ltd Thurso 3 Harbour View 27 Albyn Place Caithness KW14 7LS Cromwell Street Quay Aberdeen AB1 1YL Tel 01847 66115 Stornoway Tel 01224 211500 Isle of Lewis PA87 2DF Inverness and Nairn Tel 01851 703905/703625 Lanarkshire Development Agency Enterprise New Lanarkshire House Castle Wynd SCOTTISH ENTERPRISE Willow Drive Inverness IV3 3DW Dumfries and Galloway Strathclyde Business Park Tel 01463 713504 Enterprise Co Belshill ML4 3AD Solway House Tel 01698 745454 Lochaber Limited Dumfries Business Park Lothian and Edinburgh St Mary's House Tinwald Downs Road Enterprise Limited Gordon Square Dumfries DG1 3SJ Apex House Fort William PH33 6DY Tel 01387 245000 99 Haymarket Terrace Tel 01397 704326/702160 Edinburgh EH12 5HD Tel 0131 313 400 Moray, Badenoch and Dunbartonshire Enterprise Strathspey Enterprise 2nd Floor Spectrum House Renfrewshire Enterprise Unit 8, Elgin Business Centre Clydebank Business Park Company Maisondieu Road Clydebank 27 Causeyside Street Elgin IV30 1RH Glasgow G81 2DR Paisley PA1 1UG Tel 01343 550567 Tel 0141 951 2121 Tel 0141 848 0101

Orkney Enterprise Enterprise Ayrshire Scottish Borders Enterprise 14 Queen Street 17-19 Hill Street Bridge Street Kirkwall KW15 1JE Kilmarnock KA3 1HA Galashiels TD1 1SW Tel 01856 874638 Tel 01563 526623 Tel 01896 758991

Ross and Cromarty Fife Enterprise Scottish Enterprise Tayside Enterprise Huntsman's House Enterprise House 69-71 High Street 33 Cadham Centre 45 North Lindsay Street

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lnvergordon IV18 ODH Glenrothes Fife FY7 6RU Dundee DD1 1HT Tel 01349 853666 Tel 01592 621000 Tel 01382 223100

Appendix 4: TEC Programmes and Funding Methods 1995/96

[Reproduced from Annex B.2 of the DfEE Efficiency Scrutiny, The TEC Contract and Management Fee - Annexes, 1996]

Because of their size, the tables start overleaf.

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Appendix 5 TEC Budgets 1991/92 - 1996/97

[Compiled from HC Deb 19 January 1995, cc 614-616W; 26 October 1995, cc 795-796W; and HC Deb 17 October 1996, cc 1131-1132W]

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78 Employment and Training Recent Library Research Papers

97/80 The PFI and the Local Government (Contracts) Bill, 1997-98 Bill 5 20.06.97 97/81 The USA Food & Drug Administration 24.06.97 97/82 The local elections of 1 May 1997 27.06.97 97/83 The Amsterdam Treaty 25.06.97 97/84 Economic Indicators 01.07.97 97/85 Roads and Private Finance 02.07.97 97/86 EU Enlargement 11.07.97 97/87 VAT on fuel & power 09.07.97 97/88 The National Health Service (Private Finance) Bill [HL] 09.07.97 Bill 38 of 1997/98 97/89 Council Tax Capping in England 16.07.97 97/90 Unemployment by Constituency - June 1997 16.07.97 97/91 Education (Student Loans) Bill [Bill 44 of 1997/98] 16.07.97 97/92 Scotland and Devolution 29.07.97 97/93 Social Security Bill 1997/98 [Bill 42 of 1997/98] 17.07.97 97/94 EMU: historical perspective 17.07.97 97/95 Ministerial and Other Salaries Bill [Bill 30 of 1997-98] 22.07.97 97/96 Unemployment by Constituency: Welfare-to-Work Groups 22.07.97 97/97 Time spent on Government Bills of Constitutional significance since 1945 97/98 Employment and Training Schemes for the Unemployed 08.08.97