Етнічна Історія Народів Європи Ethnic History of European Nations

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Етнічна Історія Народів Європи Ethnic History of European Nations ВИПУСК №18 Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка Інститут політичних і етнонаціональних досліджень НАН України Посольство Фінляндської Республіки в Україні ЕТНІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ НАРОДІВ ЄВРОПИ ETHNIC HISTORY OF EUROPEAN NATIONS Збірник наукових праць ВИПУСК 18 Êè¿â ÓͲÑÅР2005 1 ЕТНІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ НАРОДІВ ЄВРОПИ ЕТНІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ НАРОДІВ ЄВРОПИ: Збірник наукових праць. Випуск 18. – К.: УНІСЕРВ, 2005. – 130 с. Редакційна колегія: А.Г. СЛЮСАРЕНКО, д-р іст. наук (голова); І.Ф. КУРАС, академік НАН України; В.К. БОРИСЕНКО, д-р іст. наук (відповідальний редактор); М.І. ГЛАДКИХ, д-р іст. наук; Л.Л. ЗАЛІЗНЯК, д-р іст. наук; В.І. СЕРГІЙЧУК, д-р іст. наук; В.В. ПИЛИПЕНКО, канд. іст. наук (відповідальний секретар) Адреса редакційної колегії: 01033, Київ, вул. Володимирська, 60, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, історичний факультет, кафедра етнології та краєзнавства Рецензенти: член-кор. НАН України, д-р іст. наук Г.А. СКРИПНИК д-р іст. наук В.Н. СТАНКО В збірнику опубліковані статті учасників четвертого українсько-фінського наукового симпозіуму “Національні меншини в сучасному світі” (Берегове, АР Крим, 26 – 30 травня 2005 року) Видання здійснено за підтримки Посольства Фінляндської Республіки в Україні Автори статей несуть повну відповідальність за підбір, точність наведених фактів, цитат, власних імен, географічних назв та інших відомостей. Тексти подаються в авторській редакції. Рекомендовано до друку Вченою Радою історичного факультету Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка Постановою президії Вищої атестаційної комісії України від 9 червня 1999 р. № 1-05/7 збірник наукових праць включено до переліку наукових фахових видань України, в яких можуть публікуватися результати дисертаційних робіт на здобуття наукових ступенів доктора і кандидата наук за спеціальністю “історичні науки”. (Бюлетень ВАК України. – 1999. – № 4.) © ÓͲÑÅÐÂ, 2005 2 ВИПУСК №18 C O N T E N T З М І С Т Pekka Hakamies. Globalization and the Ethnic Minorities in Finland. 5 Пекка Хакаміес. Глобалізація та етнічні меншини у Фінляндії. Kostiantyn Tyschenko. The Thuringians as a Germanic Tribe with Hunnic Links. 11 Костянтин Тищенко. Тюринґи – ґерманське плем’я з гунськими зв’язками. Merja Leppälahti. Swedish-speaking Finns in Finland: 19 Linguistic Minority with Legal Position. Мерья Леппалахті. Шведомовні фіни у Фінляндії: лінгвістична меншина із законним статусом. Mykola Khomenko, Mykhaylo Khomenko. National Minorities of Ukraine 24 in the Context of the European Standards. Микола Хоменко, Михайло Хоменко. Національні меншини України в контексті європейських стандартів. Natalka Ostash. The Role of the OSCE in the Adjustment 31 of the Crimean Tatars’ Issue in Ukraine. Наталка Осташ. Роль ОБСЄ у врегулюванні кримськотатарської проблеми в Україні. Frank M. Grelka. Folklore as an Integrative Element 37 of a Modern Ukrainian Ethnic National Identity. Франк М. Ґрелька. Фольклор як інтегративний елемент сучасного українського національного ідентитету. Alexander Izotov. The Finnish Community in Postwar Sortavala. 46 Олександр Ізотов. Фінська етнічна меншина у післявоєнній Сортавалі. Oula Silvennoinen. Ukrainian Prisoners of War in Finland. 1941 – 1947. 52 Оула Сільвеннойнен. Українські військовополонені у Фінляндії. 1941 – 1947. Maryna Grymych. “Zhebranka” as a Ukrainian Folklore Genre. 56 Марина Гримич. “Жебранка” як жанр українського фольклору. Olena Prokurashko. The Embroidery of the Crimean Tatars: 60 Traditions and the Present. Олена Прокурашко. Кримськотатарське орнаментальне шитво: традиції та сучасність. 3 ЕТНІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ НАРОДІВ ЄВРОПИ Antoniy Moisei. Folk Calendar of Romanians in Bukovyna. 66 Антоній Мойсей. Народний календар румунів Буковини. Mykhaylo Krasikov. Ukrainian Student Subculture as Mirrored in Epigraphy. 73 Михайло Красиков. Українська студентська субкультура у дзеркалі епіграфіки. Olexander Goncharov. National Minorities of Ukraine in Researches of Scholars 80 of the Historical Faculty of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University. Олександр Гончаров. Національні меншини України в дослідженнях учених історичного факультету Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Natalia Gromova. The Modern Christmas Congratulatory Traditions 87 of the Village Tysiv, Bolekhiv District, Ivano-Frankivs'k Region. Наталія Громова. Сучасні різдвяні віншувальні традиції села Тисів Болехівського району Івано-Франківської області. Volodymyr Sklyar. Changes of Quantity and Ethnic Composition of Population of Donets 94 Coal Basin: Donets'k and Lugans'k Regions. (on the Materials of Censuses, 1959, 1989, 2001). Володимир Скляр. Зміни чисельності та етнічного складу населення Донбасу: Донецької та Луганської областей (за матеріалами переписів 1959, 1989, 2001 років). Dmytro Reshetchenko. The Role of the Urban Population of the Right-bank 101 of Ukraine in the Trade of Grain in the First Half of the 19th century. Дмитро Решетченко. Роль міського населення Правобережжя України у торгівлі зерном в першій половині ХІХ століття. Nataliya Terentyeva, Nataliya Ishunina. From the History of the Greek Community 107 of the Kerch-Enikale Gorough (the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th century). Наталія Терентьєва, Наталія Ішуніна. З історії грецької громади Керч-Єнікальського градоначальства (кінець ХVІІІ – початок ХIХ століття). Marіa Alіeva. Formation of Azerbaijanian National Minority in Ukraine and Activity 115 of its National-Сultural Societies. Марія Алієва. Утворення азербайджанської національної меншини в Україні та діяльність її національно-культурних товариств. Lesya Gasydzhak. Subculture of the Students (by the example of Poltava’s higher schools). 120 Леся Гасиджак. Субкультура студентства (на прикладі вищих навчальних закладів Полтави). Olena Osypchuk. Some aspects of the cultural state of modern rural youth of Kyiv region. 125 Олена Осипчук. Деякі аспекти культурного стану сучасної сільської молоді Київщини. 4 ВИПУСК №18 Pekka HAKAMIES Joensuu GLOBALIZATION AND THE ETHNIC MINORITIES IN FINLAND Пекка ХАКАМІЕС Йоенсуу ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТА ЕТНІЧНІ МЕНШИНИ У ФІНЛЯНДІЇ У Фінляндії з доісторичних часів проживає декілька етнічних меншин: саами, шведи, цига- ни. Вони мали різне історичне минуле і займали різне становище у фінському суспільстві. Молодші меншини – росіяни, євреї, татари, емігрували до Фінляндії з Росії протягом ХІХ ст. Ці меншини певною мірою близькі до фінських культурних цінностей і, взагалі, вони інте- гровані у фінське суспільство. Завдяки глобалізації, яка призвела до зближення світу, до Фінляндії прибули нові етнічні меншини: в’єтнамці, сомалійці та народи Середнього Сходу. Вони, очевидно, відрізняються від фінської більшості своїми культурними цінностями, іноді зовнішнім виглядом, а також їхнє становище у фінському суспільстві відрізняється від становища старих меншин. Іноді цей контраст в культурних цінностях і поведінці дуже помітний. Глобалізація надає можливості підтримувати контакти з членами своєї етнічної групи в рідній країні і повсюди у світі, що допомагає зберігати власну ідентичність. Врешті-решт, фінське суспільство змушено обгово- рювати питання толерантності і маргіналізації, а також шляхи та рівень інтеграції, очікуваної від іммігрантів. The territory of present-day Finland has been multi-ethnic for as long as it has been possible to speak about ethnic groups in general. One of the oldest divisions is the one between the Finns and the Sami, which is mainly based on linguistic factors and dates back to the beginning of the Battle- Ax culture approximately 2500 B.C. (Huurre 1979, 153–154). From that division emerged the oldest, autochthonous ethnic minority of Finland, the Sami people, who maintained their previous hunting culture, while the Finns switched to agriculture. During the following millennia, the Sami had two alternatives: either to assimilate or to withdraw further up north and give way to the majority, who were striving to acquire new territories for dwelling. At present, there are few thousand people who identify themselves as the Sami in Finland, and the total number of the Sami people in Northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula is approximately 70,000 (Forsander and Ekholm 2001, 90). The other ‘old’ ethnic minorities in Finland have developed as a result of migration. The oldest one of them are the Swedes. It is questionable whether they are an ethnic or a linguistic minority, because the Swedes hardly differ from the Finns except for language, and the Swedish language and its speakers have always played an integral, even crucial, role in the Finnish society. (cf. Allardt and Starck 1981, 97.) Swedish is the mother tongue of 6 % of the Finnish population, c. 300,000 people. Swedish was the language of the upper classes and the administration until the latter half of the 19th century, which partly explains why the Swedish speaking minority has been over-represented in the upper classes of society and still plays a remarkable role. History and the favourable position © Pekka Hakamies 5 ЕТНІЧНА ІСТОРІЯ НАРОДІВ ЄВРОПИ of the Swedish minority are also the reasons for the secured position of the Swedish language in Finland as the second official, ‘domestic’ language, not a minority language. Besides Swedes, there are other small ethnic minorities in Finland which have their origins in the migration movements of the past centuries. They are the Roma (gypsies), Tatars, Jews and Russians. The Roma people have been wandering in Finland since the 16th century. Their number reached its peak at the end of the 1960s before they, like the Finnish majority, began
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