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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav Hudební Vědy Teorie Interaktivních Médií

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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav Hudební Vědy Teorie Interaktivních Médií MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav hudební vědy Teorie interaktivních médií Miriam Cígrová Bakalárska diplomová práca Trochu iné televízne vysielanie Vedúca práce: Mgr. Pavlína Míčová 2017 Čestné prehlásenie Prehlasujem, že som diplomovú prácu vypracovala samostatne s využitím uvedených prameňov a literatúry. .................................................................................................... Podpis autora práce 1 Poďakovanie Vedúcej práce pani Mgr. Pavlíne Míčovej za odborné vedenie a cenné rady a hlavne trpezlivosť. Tim Prevettovi a Thomas Hellumovi za rozhovory a veľmi rýchle reagovanie na moje otázky. 2 Obsah 1. Úvod ................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Slow TV a prvé experimenty .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 História televízneho vysielania ....................................................................................... 10 3. Predchodcovia Slow TV ....................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Andy Warhol a prvé filmové experimenty ..................................................................... 12 3.2 Nam June Paik a prvé video experimenty ...................................................................... 14 4. Typy televízneho vysielania .......................................................................................... 16 4.1 Priamy prenos ................................................................................................................. 17 4.2 Dokumentárny film vs Slow TV .................................................................................... 18 5. Začiatky Slow TV v zahraničí ....................................................................................... 19 5.1 Ambient .......................................................................................................................... 20 5.2 Slow TV ako ambient TV ............................................................................................... 21 6. Slow TV v Českej republike a na Slovensku ................................................................ 22 7. Podoby Slow TV ........................................................................................................... 23 7.1 Spoteee športový program .............................................................................................. 23 7.2 Google Earth ................................................................................................................... 29 7.3 Kamerový systém ........................................................................................................... 30 8. Regionálne Slow TV (ČR/SR) ...................................................................................... 31 8.1 Playtvak .......................................................................................................................... 31 8.2 Mazacia šalina (Praha) .................................................................................................. 33 9. Cieľová skupina Slow TV (komunity) v ČR ................................................................. 33 10. Aká je "programová" preferencia Slow TV .................................................................. 34 11. Obľúbenosť Slow TV v Európe a v ČR ........................................................................ 35 12. Záver .............................................................................................................................. 40 13. Zoznam prameňov a literatúry ...................................................................................... 41 Tisktnutá literatúra ................................................................................................................... 41 Elektonické zdroje .................................................................................................................... 42 14. Ukážky tvorby ............................................................................................................... 43 3 Videoart .................................................................................................................................... 43 Ambientná hudba ..................................................................................................................... 44 15. Slow TV vysielania ....................................................................................................... 44 16. Hlavné programy, program za programom Nórsko ...................................................... 47 17. Obrazová časť ................................................................................................................ 49 18. Zdroje obrazových príloh .............................................................................................. 52 19. Prezentácia k Bakalárskej práci ..................................................................................... 52 4 1. Úvod Práca je smerovaná na zmapovanie dlho hodinových televíznych a video prenosov od dôb Andy Warhola až po súčasnú dobu, aké podoby Slow TV existujú a aký má prínos pre verejnosť. Dlho hodinové vysielanie Slow TV, ktoré nie je prerušované reklamami má pozitívny účinok pre každú vekovú hranicu. Človek si dokáže uvolniť mysel a zapojiť svoju fantáziu. Čas je veličina, ktorú nikto neovplyvní a so súčasnou dobou, ktorá je zrychlená za pomoci technológie už pomaly nenaučíme naše mladé generácie aký je život bez telefonu, či počítača, ktoré nám tieto médiá neuľahčujú. Problematikou času sa zaoberal i Carl Honore vo svojej knihe In Praise of Slowness: Challenging the Cult of Speed1, kde čas vidím ako dôležitú zložku mojej práce. Bakalárska práca zisťuje podoby nielen v televíznom vysielaní, ktorú vidím na slovenskom televíznom kanále, kde sú zábery online kamery na lyžiarské centrá, ale i v každodennom živote ako je internetová aplikácia alebo športový program. Slow TV je relaxačné živé vysielanie a má pozitívny vplyv na svojích fanúšikov v rôznej vekovej kategórií k čomu slúžia i priložené štatistiky. V prvej časti bakalárskej práce sa venujem histórií televízneho vysielania a začiatkami filmového experimentu Andyho Warhola ( Pittsburgh, USA ). Predstavujem Num June Paika ( Južná Kórea, Soul ) a Wolfa Vostela ( Nemecko, Leverkusen ), patriacích medzi prvých, ktorý pracovali i samotným videom a videonahrávkami. Zaslúžili sa o prezentácie hlavne kreatívnych video výstav a experimentálnych filmov a preto i o výrazné posunutie televízie do „inej dimenzie“, podobne ako tým Slow TV. V priebehu práce je uvedený rozhovor s dukumentaristami Timom Prevettom a Thomasom Hellumom, ktorý bol pre mňa kľúčový, na hlbšie pochopenie práce týmu Slow TV. Značnú časť venujem podobami Slow TV a to dlho trvajúcimy video záznamami a online živým záznamom ako sú športový program Spoteee a bezpečnostné kamery v uliciach a venujem sa rozboru počítačovej aplikácií Google Earth. Chcela by som podotknúť, že v tejto práci sa venujem Slow TV ako fenoménu. 1 Carl Honore je novinár a autor, ktorého revolučná prvá kniha, In Praise of Slowness, bola medzinárodným bestsellerom a vyšla vo viac ako tridsiatich jazykoch. 5 Myšlienková mapa Slow TV: 2. Slow TV a prvé experimenty Prv ako začnem písať o Slow TV, by som chcela predstaviť, čo vlastne Slow TV znamená. Jedná sa o dlho hodinové priame prenosy v reálnom čase na prvý pohľad nudných scén, avšak, ktoré majú svoje vnútorné kúzlo. Jedná sa o takzvaný maratón priameho prenosu. Slow TV sa vyznačuje tým, že nemá žiadne úpravy ako strih a editovanie a keď sa stane neočakávaná situácia, stane sa to práve v reálnom čase. Môže do vysielania vstúpiť zviera, alebo sa začne potápať loď a tým dĺžku vysielania zmeniť. Tématika vysielania Slow TV by mala byť natoľko zaujímavá, aby sa dala vysielať v reálnom čase a bola pre diváka zaujímavá. Slow TV by sa mala stať príležitostnou udalosťou a práve reálny čas je jej najzákladanejšou zložkou. V nórskom prevedení je nazývaná i ako "Minutt for Minutt"2. Nórsko je označované ako jediná krajina, ktorá dokáže hĺbku Slow TV prezentovať najlepšie. V čom spočíva takzvaná chémia televízneho vysielania Slow TV je dôležitosť určitého subjektu vysielania a jej mimoriadne spracovanie. Dôraz kladie na vizuálnu a relaxačnú stránku. Predstavená bola i krása nórskej krajiny, prednášky, spev avšak nie je to jej prioritou. 2 PREVETT T.: What is Slow TV? Http://slowtelevision.blogspot.cz [online]. 2014 [cit. 2017-12-07]. Dostupné z: http://slowtelevision.blogspot.cz/2014/10/what-is-slow-tv.html 6 I keď sa možno bude zdať, že Slow TV môže byť i priamy prenos hokejového zápasu, alebo iného športu, nie je tomu tak. Takisto ako štátne svadby, pohreby nepovažujeme za Slow TV. TV2, Nórský hlavný komerčný kanál začal v máji roku 2004 produkovať vysoko kvalitné webové vysielanie pomalej televízie3. Jednalo sa o predom natočený záznam z cesty a vysielalo za bez reklamných prestávok cez internetovú stránku vysielateľa upozornením na ďaľšie vysielanie prostredníctvom televízneho signálu. Je to označenie „Pomalá televízia“4 alebo „Nudná televízia“. Nemá však nič spoločné s tým, že je pomalá, alebo nudná, ide o niekoľkohodinové televízne prenosy na nórskej televíznej stanici NRK.5 Nejedná sa o žiadne konkrétne televízne prenosy ako sú napríklad televízne správy, pri ktorom sa účastní moderátor. Je to prenos vysielania a ide o relaxačné pozeranie, kde vidíte od začiatku do konca proces
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