Adelaide College Fear the Lord and Be Wise the Young Earth
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Adelaide College Fear the Lord and be wise The Young Earth Lecture 8: The Age of the Earth (3) Noah’s Flood In our last two lectures we considered a number of scientific issues, which suggest that the earth is comparatively young in contrast to the ancient earth required by evolutionary theory. We shall now in this third lecture on the subject of the age of the earth, seek to arrive at its approximate age. The flood of Noah as a real historical event has an important association with this, and so we first look at the reasons why the flood should be considered not as myth but as an important part of real history. The Flood of Noah The Biblical Account Almost every culture on earth includes an ancient flood story. Details vary, but the basic plot is the same: a powerful deluge kills all but a fortunate few. The version most familiar to many of us in lands with a Christian tradition is the biblical account of Noah and his ark in Genesis Chapters 6-9. Gen. 6:5 tells us, “The LORD saw how great man’s wickedness on the earth had become, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time” – and so the Lord decided to destroy all of creation. Only Noah, “who found favour (grace) in the eyes of the Lord” (6:8), was saved along with his family and the animals aboard the ark. They survived to repopulate the planet. The Genesis account says that when the ark was completed, and the animals and the food for all was brought in, Noah and his family entered the ark. “In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month – on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened. And rail fell on the earth forty days and forty nights. On that very day Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth, together with his wife and the wives of his three sons, entered the ark” (Gen. 7:11-13). The Bible account emphasises the fact that besides “all the springs of the great deep” opening up, the rain fell for forty days and nights, so that the flood covered even the highest mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet, and all creatures on earth died. Only Noah and those with him on the ark were left alive. No loving creature outside of the ark survived because “the waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days” (7:24). Eventually, after about 220 days, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. The waters receded for another forty days until the mountaintops emerged. Then Noah sent out a raven and later a dove. On its second flight the dove returned with an olive twig in its beak. Noah now knew that the waters had subsided. He waited seven days more and sent the dove again; this time it did not return. Then his family and all the animals left the ark, and Noah made a sacrifice to God. God resolved that he would never again curse the ground because of man, and never again would He destroy all life on it in this manner. He placed a rainbow in the clouds as a mark of His promise, saying, “Whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will see it and remember the ever lasting covenant between God and all living creatures of every kind on the earth” (9:16). Geological Evidence The story of Noah and the great flood is one that so permeates our western culture that generations of geologists, right up to the present day, have devoted their lives to looking for evidence of a prehistoric worldwide flood, as well as creation and young-earth doctrines. But it was not until the 1990’s that a small group of geologists gathered clues pointing to an actual ancient flood in the Middle East, which they say happened about 7,500 years. Sediment core-samples, which the scientists took from the bottom of the Black Sea, revealed sections of once-dry sun-baked land. Could the flood have happened in the 6th Century B.C.? We shall think more about the date of the flood later in this lecture. Taken on a worldwide scale the flood could be regarded as the main mechanism for laying down much of the earth’s strata, as they now exist, and also the fossil record. That is why it is important to establish that the flood was a real historical event. A worldwide mountain-covering deluge would have deposited most of the world’s fossil- bearing rock. While there may have been some localised post-flood disasters, as some claim, the sedimentary deposits on a continental scale can only have been deposited by the flood because of its huge global effect. This argument is so persuasive that it is not too much to say that a modern creation-revival has taken place to some extent, led by both scientists and laymen. At the same time, many Christians who are re-adopting the creation model are still attached to old-earth ideas and the belief that the flood was local and not global. This is an aspect of the flood, which must wait for the next lecture. At least we can say that there has been a growing interest in understanding rock formation in relation to the flood and, to some degree, after the flood. A debate has begun between a number of geologists who reject billions of years for the earths history, but who take different positions concerning where the flood ends in the rock strata. This is a question about whether the flood was local or global. A Worldwide event The Bible teaches without any doubt that the flood was a worldwide event. Gen. 7:17-24 makes that clear.Verses 18 & 19 could not make it clearer: “The waters rose and increased greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the water. They rose greatly on the earth, and all the high mountains under the entire heavens were covered”. The little word “all” with regard to the mountains being covered really does mean “all”, especially when taken with the phrase, “under the entire heavens”; and this is borne out by the fossil evidence around the whole world. That the whole human race perished apart from eight people, who formed the nucleus for the re-population of the earth, is suggested by extensive genetic testing, which shows that all humanity is very closely related and is one race. Whatever post-flood disasters may have taken place during the course of the earth’s history; we must keep the Genesis flood central in our thinking. Clearly Genesis 6-9 is there to show to mankind that in a very major way, God judged the world in its entirety. The flood covered the whole earth. One of the arguments used by those who oppose a global flood is that there would not have been enough water to cover all the world’s mountains. But we read in Gen 7:11 that the sources of the water were twofold, “the springs of the great deep” and “the floodgates of the heavens”. What were “the springs of the great deep”? In Isa. 51:10 the phrase “the great deep” refers to the oceans, as it does in Amos 7:4. In a number of other places in the Bible “the deep” also is a reference to the oceans. So, “the springs of the great deep” were probably oceanic, or at least were subterranean sources of water. In the context of the flood account, the phrase could mean both. It is interesting that there are many volcanic rocks interspersed between the fossil layers in the rock record – layers that must have been deposited during Noah’s flood. So it is quite plausible that these fountains of the great deep involved a series of volcanic eruptions with prodigious amounts of water bursting up through the ground. It is a fact that up to 70% or more of what comes out of volcanoes is water, often in the form of steam. It is possible that a plate tectonics model for the flood, as proposed by some, is correct. The onset of the flood may have been initiated by the ocean floor rapidly lifting up. This would have spilled the seawater onto the land and cased massive flooding – perhaps what is aptly described as the breaking up of the “springs of the great deep.” In addition to “the springs of the great deep” Gen. 7:11 speaks of “the floodgates of the heavens” opening up. Some interpreters relate this to a possible water vapour enveloping the whole of the newly created earth, as might be suggested by God dividing the waters that were on the earth from the waters that he placed above the earth when he made the “expanse” or firmament (Gen. 1:7). Many have concluded from this verse that the “expanse” was the earth’s atmosphere. If so, the waters above the atmosphere could be envisaged as a canopy, creating a primeval greenhouse effect, causing a pleasant sub tropical-to-temperate climate all around the globe. The discovery of coal seams in Antarctica containing vegetation that is not now found growing at the poles, but which obviously grew under warmer conditions, has been taken as evidence, which supports the theory of a pre-flood water vapour covering the entire planet.