DOCSLIB.ORG

Proceedings National Academy of Sciences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Proceedings National Academy of Sciences Proceedings OF THE National Academy of Sciences OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Officers BRUCE ALBERTS, President of the JACK HALPERN, Vice President Academy PETER H. RAVEN, Home Secretary JAMES B. WYNGAARDEN, Foreign Secretary MILDRED S. DRESSELHAUS, Treasurer Editorial Board LAWRENCE BOGORAD, Chairman of the JAMES E. DARNELL, JR. ERIC R. KANDEL HERBERT A. SIMON Proceedings IGOR B. DAWID PHILIP W. MAJERUS MAXINE F. SINGER RONALD L. GRAHAM DAVID D. SABATINI IRVING L. WEISSMAN GORDON G. HAMMES PAUL R. SCHIMMEL SHERMAN M. WEISSMAN Senior Contributing MICHAEL T. CLEGG, JAMES E. DARNELL, JR., RAYMOND L. ERIKSON, RONALD M. EVANS, Editors: ERIC R. KANDEL, RICHARD A. LERNER, DAVID J. L. LUCK, PHIL W. MAJERUS, ARNO G. MOTULSKY, DAVID D. SABATINI, PAUL R. SCHIMMEL, ALLAN C. SPRADLING, JAMES A. SPUDICH, CHARLES F. STEVENS, IRVING L. WEISSMAN, SHERMAN M. WEISSMAN Contributing Editors: MAX D. COOPER, HERMAN N. EISEN, WILLIAM E. PAUL Consulting Editors: JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN, RONALD GRAHAM, JACK HALPERN, JOANNE STUBBE Managing Editor: FRANCES R. ZWANZIG Senior Associate Editor: GARY T. COCKS Associate Editors: CAY BUTLER, JOHN M. MALLOY, MARILYN J. MASON, JANET L. MORGAN, T. PEARSON, DOROTHY P. SMITH, COLENE RUCH WALDEN Assistant Managing Editor: JOANNE D'AMICO Senior Production Editor: BARBARA A. BACON Production Editors: JAMIE M. FEAR, BILL FOGLE, ELLEN GOLDBERG, SCOTT C. HERMAN, AIJA OZOLINS, KATHLEEN RUBY, ANNE M. SUNDERMANN, DON C. TIPPMAN Proofreader: MARY E. MCLAUGHLIN Administrative Assistants: DELORES BANKS, BRENDA L. McCoY Manuscript Coordinator: JACQUELINE PERRY Circulation: JULIA LITTLE, CYNTHIA MATHEWS Editorial Correspondence: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Wash- ington, DC 20418. Business Correspondence: Circulation Office of the PROCEEDINGS, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC 20418. Information for Contributors: See p. i (of this issue) and pp. iii-x of Issue Number 1, January 4, 1994. Copyright: Volumes 90 and 91, copyright 1993 and 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences; Volumes 1-89, copyright as a collective work only with copyright to individual articles retained by the author(s). Requests for permission to reproduce parts of individual articles published in Volumes 1-89 or for reprints of those articles should be addressed to the authors. Microforms of complete volumes are available to regular subscribers only and may be obtained from University Microfilms, Xerox Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48103. This journal is printed on acid-free paper effective with Volume 84, Issue 1. Subscriptions: All correspondence concerning subscriptions should be addressed to the Circulation Office of the PROCEED- INGS. Subscriptions are entered on a calendar year basis only. For 1994, subscription rates are as follows-in the United States: personal, $230; institutional, $420; elsewhere by surface mail: personal, $325; institutional, $515; elsewhere by Air Cargo at a surcharge of $192. Information regarding other air mail postage rates is available from the Circulation Office. Subscribers are requested to notify the Circulation Office of the PROCEEDINGS 6 weeks in advance of any change of address; also the local postmaster. The Academy is not responsible for nonreceipt ofissues because ofan improper address unless a change ofaddress is on file. The notice of address change should list both the old and new addresses. Claims for replacement copies will not be honored more than 60 days after the issue date for domestic subscribers and not more than 90 days after the issue date for foreign subscribers. Single Copies: The price of a single issue is $25.00. Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at additional mailing offices. PRINTED IN THE USA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (ISSN-0027-8424) is published biweekly by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, DC 20418. X 1994 by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, February 1994 CONDENSED INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS (See the first issue of the year for the complete Information for Contributors) The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCI- computer programs will be made available to all qualified ENCES USA publishes articles describing original work in the investigators. The Editorial Board considers submission of sciences that are of interest to a wide audience. Only mem- an article to represent a firm commitment to this principle. bers or foreign associates of the Academy may submit Nucleic acid sequences and crystallographic data must be papers, which are accepted on condition that they have not submitted to the GenBank data base and the Protein Data been published and are not submitted elsewhere. Research Bank, respectively. Instructions will be sent to authors of papers may not exceed five printed pages. Commentaries, appropriate papers or may be obtained in advance from the review articles, and papers presented at Academy symposia data bases. may be published upon invitation from the Editorial Board. Manuscript Preparation. Adherence to the length limits and Submission of Manuscripts. A member may submit up to the format specifications given below is mandatory. Failure five manuscripts in any calendar year. For their own papers, to comply with either will result in delay of publication. The members are requested to provide assurance that the manu- following items are required: script has been reviewed by a knowledgeable colleague who is not a coauthor. A nonmember must submit his/her manu- 1. Three complete copies of the manuscript script to a member who will obtain (at least) two reviews; the 2. Two extra copies of both the title page and abstract for member should select the reviewers and they should remain Editorial Board review anonymous to the author. In deciding whether to accept a 3. Three complete sets of illustrations manuscript for publication, the member may overrule a 4. Three complete sets of photocopies of the figures negative review, but the reason(s) why must be explained A PROCEEDINGS classification is necessary and up to five key explicitly on submission of the paper to the PROCEEDINGS terms that do not repeat terms in the title may be included. office. To ensure that the communicating member is effective Standard abbreviations, which need not be defined, are listed in the role of adjudicating differences of opinion between in the complete Information for Contributors; nonstandard authors and reviewers, it is essential that he/she be expert in abbreviations must be defined on first use in both abstract the field of the paper, and this must be certified on the and text and also should be grouped in a footnote. Only transmittal letter. The signed reviews, authors' replies, and published work and papers in press may be cited in the member's conclusions (where applicable) must accompany reference list. Personal communications and citations of the submission. In addition, all manuscripts are evaluated on in-press work of others must be accompanied by an autho- submission by an appropriate Contributing Editor on behalf rizing letter. Authors' suggestions for figure reductions will of the Chairman of the Editorial Board, and the Board be considered but the final decision will be made by the reserves the right to subject papers to additional review and PROCEEDINGS staff, taking lettering size into account. to make the final decision on acceptance. For further details, Financial Obligations. A page charge (currently $70 per consult the complete Informationfor Contributors [91 (1), pp. page, and subject to change) is levied to help defray publi- iii-X]. cation costs. In addition, authors of papers containing color The following general conditions apply. (i) Papers reporting art are expected to pay a surcharge (currently $850 minimum) experiments involving human subjects or materials must to cover the added cost of such art. The author assuming the include authorizing documents issued by the appropriate obligation to arrange for payment of these charges should be officials from the institution where the work has been done. identified on the manuscript. If an author avoids this respon- (ii) Submission of reports involving recombinant DNA as- sibility, the liability shifts to the sponsoring member. sumes that National Institutes ofHealth guidelines, or equiv- Manuscripts should be sent to PROCEEDINGS OF THE alent guidelines in the respective country, have been adhered NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA, 2101 Constitution to. The Editorial Board may request proofto substantiate this Avenue, Washington, DC 20418 (U.S. Postal Service) or 1010 assumption. (iii) Publication in the PROCEEDINGS implies that Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Suite 530, Washington, DC 20007 materials employed in the work such as cloned DNAs, (express and courier services); telephone (202) 625-4725; antibodies, bacterial, animal, or plant cells, viruses, and telefax (202) 625-4747. i AUTHOR INDEX, FEBRUAR Y 1, 1994 Aaronson, S. A. 989 Colanzi, A. 1114 Hammel, J. 903 Aaronson, S. A. 1074 Comeau, M. R. 1119 Hammond, C. 913 Abraham, J. A. 1069 Cooper, M. D. 1094 Hashimoto, K.-i. 1124 Adams, B. A. 1014 Corda, D. 1114 Hauser, C. A. 873 Adler, R. 974 Corey, J. L. 1188 Hayami, M. 1124 Aebersold, R. 1094 Cosman, D. 1119 Hegerl, R. 836 Agadir, A. 1178 Cowman, A. F. 1143 Heinemann, S. H. 1109 Alarid, E. T. 1074 Crapo, J. 1044 Helenius, A. 913 Albers, M. W. 984 Cunha, G. R. 1074 Henry, A. H. 969 Alberte, R. S. 1049 Cunningham, J. 1168 Herrick, G. 942 Allevato, G. 957 Dall'Acqua, W. 1089 Heurteaux, C. 878 Ames, B. N. 1183 Darwish, H. M. 900 Hirth, C. G. 1193 Arr6, M. 927 Davidson, N. 1188 Hoh, J. H. 836 Aruffo, A. 1099 De, A. 1084 Hollenbaugh, D. 1099 Astrom, A. 979 Debanne, D. 1148 Hood, L. 1094 Astrom, J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Medical Advisory Board September 1, 2006–August 31, 2007
    hoWard hughes medical iNstitute 2007 annual report What’s Next h o W ard hughes medical i 4000 oNes Bridge road chevy chase, marylaNd 20815-6789 www.hhmi.org N stitute 2007 a nn ual report What’s Next Letter from the president 2 The primary purpose and objective of the conversation: wiLLiam r. Lummis 6 Howard Hughes Medical Institute shall be the promotion of human knowledge within the CREDITS thiNkiNg field of the basic sciences (principally the field of like medical research and education) and the a scieNtist 8 effective application thereof for the benefit of mankind. Page 1 Page 25 Page 43 Page 50 seeiNg Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Südhof: Paul Fetters; Fuchs: Janelia Farm lab: © Photography Neurotoxin (Brunger & Chapman): Page 3 Matthew Septimus; SCNT images: by Brad Feinknopf; First level of Rongsheng Jin and Axel Brunger; iN Bruce Weller Blake Porch and Chris Vargas/HHMI lab building: © Photography by Shadlen: Paul Fetters; Mouse Page 6 Page 26 Brad Feinknopf (Tsai): Li-Huei Tsai; Zoghbi: Agapito NeW Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Arabidopsis: Laboratory of Joanne Page 44 Sanchez/Baylor College 14 Page 8 Chory; Chory: Courtesy of Salk Janelia Farm guest housing: © Jeff Page 51 Ways Illustration by Riccardo Vecchio Institute Goldberg/Esto; Dudman: Matthew Szostak: Mark Wilson; Evans: Fred Page 10 Page 27 Septimus; Lee: Oliver Wien; Greaves/PR Newswire, © HHMI; Mello: Erika Larsen; Hannon: Zack Rosenthal: Paul Fetters; Students: Leonardo: Paul Fetters; Riddiford: Steitz: Harold Shapiro; Lefkowitz: capacity Seckler/AP, © HHMI; Lowe: Zack Paul Fetters; Map: Reprinted by Paul Fetters; Truman: Paul Fetters Stewart Waller/PR Newswire, Seckler/AP, © HHMI permission from Macmillan Page 46 © HHMI for Page 12 Publishers, Ltd.: Nature vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Our Genes—Genome Projects: How Big? How Fast?
    Mapping Our Genes—Genome Projects: How Big? How Fast? April 1988 NTIS order #PB88-212402 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Mapping Our Genes-The Genmne Projects.’ How Big, How Fast? OTA-BA-373 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1988). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 87-619898 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (order form can be found in the back of this report) Foreword For the past 2 years, scientific and technical journals in biology and medicine have extensively covered a debate about whether and how to determine the function and order of human genes on human chromosomes and when to determine the sequence of molecular building blocks that comprise DNA in those chromosomes. In 1987, these issues rose to become part of the public agenda. The debate involves science, technol- ogy, and politics. Congress is responsible for ‘(writing the rules” of what various Federal agencies do and for funding their work. This report surveys the points made so far in the debate, focusing on those that most directly influence the policy options facing the U.S. Congress, The House Committee on Energy and Commerce requested that OTA undertake the project. The House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Senate Com- mittee on Labor and Human Resources, and the Senate Committee on Energy and Natu- ral Resources also asked OTA to address specific points of concern to them. Congres- sional interest focused on several issues: ● how to assess the rationales for conducting human genome projects, ● how to fund human genome projects (at what level and through which mech- anisms), ● how to coordinate the scientific and technical programs of the several Federal agencies and private interests already supporting various genome projects, and ● how to strike a balance regarding the impact of genome projects on international scientific cooperation and international economic competition in biotechnology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome
    8 Early Skirmishes | N A COMMENTARY introducing the March 7, 1986, issue of Science, I. Renato Dulbecco, a Nobel laureate and president of the Salk Institute, made the startling assertion that progress in the War on Cancer would be speedier if geneticists were to sequence the human genome.1 For most biologists, Dulbecco's Science article was their first encounter with the idea of sequencing the human genome, and it provoked discussions in the laboratories of universities and research centers throughout the world. Dul- becco was not known as a crusader or self-promoter—quite the opposite— and so his proposal attained credence it would have lacked coming from a less esteemed source. Like Sinsheimer, Dulbecco came to the idea from a penchant for thinking big. His first public airing of the idea came at a gala Kennedy Center event, a meeting organized by the Italian embassy in Washington, D.C., on Columbus Day, 1985.2 The meeting included a section on U.S.-Italian cooperation in science, and Dulbecco was invited to give a presentation as one of the most eminent Italian biologists, familiar with science in both the United States and Italy. He was preparing a review paper on the genetic approach to cancer, and he decided that the occasion called for grand ideas. In thinking through the recent past and future directions of cancer research, he decided it could be greatly enriched by a single bold stroke—sequencing the human genome. This Washington meeting marked the beginning of the Italian genome program.3 Dulbecco later made the sequencing
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Oral History Office University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California
    Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Daniel Koshland, Jr. Retrospective Oral History Project: Bruce Alberts Interviews conducted by Sally Smith Hughes in 2012 Copyright © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California ii Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral History is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is bound with photographs and illustrative materials and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ********************************* All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Bruce Alberts on March 21, 2014. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Excerpts up to 1000 words from this interview may be quoted for publication without seeking permission as long as the use is non-commercial and properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Schedule of C Ourses
    2020–2021 Schedule of Courses Schedule The David Rockefeller Graduate Program offers a multiple sclerosis); perception, cognition, and memory (autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease); consciousness (coma selection of courses, many of which students can and persistent vegetative state); mood (depression and anxiety); choose based on their interests and area of thesis motivation (addiction); sensation (pain); motor control (Parkinson’s research. Organized by Rockefeller faculty, and taught disease and ataxia); and trauma (brain or spinal cord injury and stroke). by scientists at the top of their fields, both from within Class length and frequency: Two-hour session, once weekly and outside of the university, these courses provide a Method of evaluation: Attendance, participation in the discussions, stimulating and dynamic curriculum that students can student presentations, and a final speculative paper relating a tailor to fit their personal goals, in consultation with disordered trait to a specific brain circuit the dean of graduate studies. Cell Biology SANFORD M. SIMON and SHAI SHAHAM Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, I & II This advanced course covering major topics in modern cell biology is GREGORY M. ALUSHIN, SETH A. DARST, SHIXIN LIU, and MICHAEL P. ROUT taught by faculty and visitors who are specialists in various disciplines. This course presents the fundamental principles of biochemistry Class length and frequency: Three-hour lecture, once weekly; and biophysics, with an emphasis on methodologies. In addition, two-hour discussion, twice weekly case studies are discussed, examining how physical and chemical methods have been used to establish the molecular mechanisms Prerequisite(s): Good knowledge of textbook cell biology of fundamental biological processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Masthead (PDF)
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Officers BRUCE ALBERTS, President of the JACK HALPERN, Vice President Academy PETER H. RAVEN, Home Secretary F. SHERWOOD ROWLAND, Foreign Secretary RONALD L. GRAHAM, Treasurer Editor-in-Chief NICHOLAS R. COZZARELLI Editorial Board MAY R. BERENBAUM CHARLES FEFFERMAN PHIL W. MAJERUS CARLA J. SHATZ of the PETER J. BICKEL WALTER M. FITCH PHILIPPA MARRACK KAI L. SIMONS Proceedings MARIO R. CAPECCHI JOSEPH L. GOLDSTEIN RICHARD D. MCKELVEY CHRISTOPHER A. SIMS WILLIAM CATTERALL CAROL A. GROSS ARNO G. MOTULSKY SOLOMON H. SNYDER ANTHONY CERAMI JACK HALPERN RONALD L. PHILLIPS CHRISTOPHER R. SOMERVILLE PIERRE CHAMBON BERTIL HILLE THOMAS D. POLLARD LARRY R. SQUIRE MARSHALL H. COHEN PIERRE C. HOHENBERG STANLEY B. PRUSINER STEVEN M. STANLEY STANLEY N. COHEN H. ROBERT HORVITZ CHARLES RADDING CHARLES F. STEVENS DAVID R. DAVIES ERICH P. IPPEN GIAN-CARLO ROTA FRANK H. STILLINGER HERMAN N. EISEN ALFRED G. KNUDSON JEREMY A. SABLOFF KARL K. TUREKIAN RAYMOND L. ERIKSON ROGER KORNBERG PAUL R. SCHIMMEL DON C. WILEY ANTHONY S. FAUCI ROBERT LANGER STUART L. SCHREIBER PETER G. WOLYNES NINA FEDOROFF HARVEY F. LODISH AARON J. SHATKIN Publisher: KENNETH R. FULTON Managing Editor: DIANE M. SULLENBERGER Associate Editorial Manager: JOHN M. MALLOY Associate Manager for Production: JOANNE D’AMICO Production Coordinator: BARBARA A. BACON Editorial Coordinators: AZADEH FULLMER,DANIEL H. SALSBURY Editorial Assistants: RENITA M. JOHNSON,BARBARA J. ORTON,JOE N. HARPE,DORIS DIASE System Administrator: MARILYN J. MASON Financial Manager: JOSEPH F. RZEPKA,JR. Financial Assistant: JULIA A. LITTLE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (ISSN-0027-8424) is published biweekly by THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
    [Show full text]
  • Nucleosomal Barriers Can Accelerate Cohesin Mediated Loop Formation in Chromatin
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/861161; this version posted December 22, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The accidental ally: Nucleosomal barriers can accelerate cohesin mediated loop formation in chromatin Ajoy Maji1, Ranjith Padinhateeri2, Mithun K. Mitra1,*, 1 Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India 2 Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India * [email protected] Abstract An important question in the context of the 3D organization of chromosomes is the mechanism of formation of large loops between distant base pairs. Recent experiments suggest that the formation of loops might be mediated by Loop Extrusion Factor proteins like cohesin. Experiments on cohesin have shown that cohesins walk diffusively on the DNA, and that nucleosomes act as obstacles to the diffusion, lowering the permeability and hence reducing the effective diffusion constant. An estimation of the times required to form the loops of typical sizes seen in Hi-C experiments using these low effective diffusion constants leads to times that are unphysically large. The puzzle then is the following, how does a cohesin molecule diffusing on the DNA backbone achieve speeds necessary to form the large loops seen in experiments? We propose a simple answer to this puzzle, and show that while at low densities, nucleosomes act as barriers to cohesin diffusion, beyond a certain concentration, they can reduce loop formation times due to a subtle interplay between the nucleosome size and the mean linker length.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral History Interview with Michael Ashburner (B
    CSHL Oral History, Michael Ashburner, July 3, 2003 1/24 Oral history interview with Michael Ashburner (b. 1942) Interview conducted by Ludmila Pollock Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, July 3, 2003 Transcript edited and annotated by Daniel Liu, PhD, Dec. 2020 Part 1, CSHL1010_Ashburner.mp4 Mila Pollock: [00:00:00] Okay, today is—I never remember dates. Michael Ashburner: July the 3rd, 2003 in the Carnegie Library in Cold Spring Harbor. Pollock: And what is the—if you count numbers, what is the number of your visits now since the first time you came here? Ashburner: I don't know, 40? 50? Pollock: Oh, fantastic. Ashburner: I first came here in 1970. [00:00:30] So that's 30 years, and I've been here at least once a year since then, mostly twice a year. Pollock: Do you remember your first visit? Why did you come? Ashburner: I came to the symposium in 1970.1 Pollock: What is the name of the symposium of the day? Ashburner: I can't remember, look it up. [laughter] Pollock: As a matter of fact, I will do it but we'll talk about this. Ashburner: You'll see a photograph of me there, kissing a girl's hand.2 [cut in tape 00:01:00] Pollock: Do you know how many symposiums you visited? Ashburner: Three? Pollock: No, one, two, three, four, five. 1 1970 Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, “Transcription of Genetic Material,” http://symposium.cshlp.org/site/misc/topic35.xhtml; Michael Ashburner, “A Prodromus to the Genetic Analysis of Puffing in Drosophila,” Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 35 (1970): 533–38, doi:10.1101/SQB.1970.035.01.069.
    [Show full text]
  • Gleevec's Glory Days
    Diabetes Detectives || $$$ to Databases || Anthrax 101 || Fighting Parasites in Bangladesh DECEMBER 2001 Gleevec’s Glory Days The Long Journey of a Celebrated Anticancer Drug FEATURES Gleevec’s Glory Days Mirpur’s Children 10 22 An apparent overnight success, this new A slum in Bangladesh yields clues about leukemia drug has decades of research behind it. immunity, infection and an illness that afflicts By Jill Waalen millions worldwide. By David Jarmul 16 Confronting Diabetes From All Angles 26 Scientific Outliers To combat this growing epidemic, researchers are hunting for genes, exploring cell-signaling How teachers and students in rural America pathways and looking at obesityÕs role. can learn good science. By Karen Hopkin By Mitch Leslie 16 In Starr County, Texas, an alarming 2,500 Mexican- American residents have type 2 diabetes. These women, at the Starr County Health Studies Office, undergo regular monitoring of their disease, which has strong genetic and evironmental components. DEPARTMENTS 2 NOTA BENE 30 HANDS ON Howard Hughes Medical Institute Bulletin ulletin Building Interest in the December 2001 || Volume 14 Number 5 3 PRESIDENT’S LETTER Human Body HHMI TRUSTEES Biomedical Research in a James A. Baker, III, Esq. Changed World Senior Partner, Baker & Botts NEWS AND NOTES Alexander G. Bearn, M.D. Executive Officer, American Philosophical Society 32 To Think Like a Scientist Adjunct Professor, The Rockefeller University UP FRONT Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College Frank William Gay 4 Mouse Model Closely 33 Undergraduate Taps Into Former President and Chief Executive Officer, summa Corporation James H. Gilliam, Jr., Esq. Mimics Human Cancer Tomato Communication Former Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Beneficial Corporation 6 Database Science Forcing New Hanna H.
    [Show full text]
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Bridging Science and Society aaas annual report | 2010 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal Science (www.sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (www.sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (www.sciencesignaling.org). AAAS was founded in 1848 and includes some 262 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals. Science has the largest paid circulation of any peer- reviewed general science journal in the world, with an estimated total readership of 1 million. The non-profit AAAS (www.aaas.org) is open to all and fulfills its mission to “advance science and serve society” through initiatives in science policy; international programs; science education; and more. For the latest research news, log onto EurekAlert!, www.eurekalert.org, the premier science- news Web site, a service of AAAS. American Association for the Advancement of Science 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 USA Tel: 202-326-6440 For more information about supporting AAAS, Please e-mail [email protected], or call 202-326-6636. The cover photograph of bridge construction in Kafue, Zambia, was captured in August 2006 by Alan I. Leshner. Bridge enhancements were intended to better connect a grass airfield with the Kafue National Park to help foster industry by providing tourists with easier access to new ecotourism camps. [FSC MixedSources logo / Rainforest Alliance Certified / 100 percent green
    [Show full text]
  • Excitement and Gratification in Studying DNA Repair DNA Repair Interest Group History of DNA Repair June 20, 2006 Dr
    Life in the Serendipitous Lane: Excitement and Gratification in Studying DNA Repair DNA Repair Interest Group History of DNA Repair June 20, 2006 Dr. Stuart Linn University of California, Berkeley Serendipity Coined from The Three Princes of Serindip (Sri Lanka), a Persian fairy tale in which the princes have an aptitude for making fortunate discoveries accidentally The formative years Caltech 1958-1962 Stanford 1962-1966 Linus Pauling Arthur Kornberg Richard Feynman Paul Berg George Beadle Phil Hanawalt Norman Horowitz Joshua Lederberg Norman Davidson Charles Yanofsky Jerry Vinograd H. Gobind Khorana Henry Borsook I. R. Lehman Postdoctoral and beyond Geneva (Cambridge) 1966-68 Berkeley 1968- Eduard Kellenberger Harrison (Hatch) Echols Richard Epstein Bruce Ames Werner Arber A. John Clark (Sydney Brenner) Edward Penhoet (John Smith) Robert Mortimer Symore Fogel London 1974-75 Robin Holliday Aviemore, June 1973 Matthew Meselson Oslo 1982 Charles Radding Erling Seeberg Bruce Alberts RecBC(D) RecBC(D) action with 1mM Ca2+ present Coming of Age with Aging S. W. Krauss &. S. Linn (1986) J. Cell Physiol. 126: 99-106 MPC11 (Leukemic B line) J. Barnard, M. LaBelle, & S. 169 µg/106 cells Linn Exp. Cell. Res. (1986) 163: 500-508 1650 U /106 cells 143 U /106 cells Mouse primary skin fibroblasts M. LaBelle & S. Linn (1984) Mut. Res. 132: 51-61 L. M. Jensen & S. Linn (1988) Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 3964-3968 DNA polymerases “The Kornberg Enzyme (E. coli pol I) is probably just a repair enzyme” --Mark Bretcher, Stanford 1967 (prior to the report of the polA mutant by De Lucia and Cairns in 1969) Mosbaugh & Linn JBC 257:575 (1982) AP and “UV” Endonucleases _ _ Mosbaugh & Linn JBC 258:108 (1983) Mosbaugh & Linn JBC 255:11743 (1980) Both the protein and UV/AP endonucleases are immunodepleted by abs.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Student
    Dear Student: Welcome to Jefferson Medical College! From November through January of the first year, you will take the course Molecular and Cellular Basis of Medicine (MCBM), which contains topics from molecular biology, genetics, cell biology, cell physiology, and biochemistry. Courses in cell biology, genetics, or biochemistry are not a prerequisite for admission to Jefferson Medical College. MCBM is taught accordingly. However, we recognize that our course presents a special challenge to non-science majors, who sometimes find it challenging to learn the vocabulary and concepts, and to think in a scientific manner. If you are a non- science major and if you feel that you have a weak background in molecular biology and cell biology, we would like to recommend that you use a little bit of your time this summer to read about this material. This should help you get through November more comfortably. (Please note that this is not an across-the-board recommendation to study these topics. We make the following suggestions simply in response to students who struggled in the past and told us they wished they had known to study a little bit over the summer.) Following are comments from two students who finished the course in a previous year: One student wrote: "As a non-science major, just switching from anatomy, which is a fairly "verbal" science to biochem-style reading, diagrams, etc. was very difficult. I felt totally overwhelmed with the initial week's material on DNA, RNA, etc. as I simply felt totally unfamiliar with the "language." … “As I got more comfortable with reading scientific material, it all became easier, but initially it was very hard.
    [Show full text]