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Nederlandse Jihadreizigers Geframed in De Media

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Nederlandse Jihadreizigers Geframed in De Media Nederlandse jihadreizigers geframed in de media Universiteit Utrecht Masterscriptie Religies in hedendaagse samenleving Naam: Liza Vermeulen 3067386 Begeleider: Lucien van Liere Datum: 27 juni 2013 Academisch jaar: 2012-2013 Inhoudsopgave Voorwoord .............................................................................................................................. 5 Samenvatting ........................................................................................................................... 6 Lijst afkortingen ...................................................................................................................... 7 1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Onderwerp en probleemstelling ........................................................................................ 8 1.2 Relevantie van het onderwerp ........................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Maatschappelijke relevantie ................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 Wetenschappelijke relevantie ................................................................................. 9 1.3 Opbouw ........................................................................................................................... 10 2. Aanloop naar Syrië ............................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Het ontstaan van de Arabische Lente .............................................................................. 11 2.2 De Arabische Republiek Syrië ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1 Damascus Spring .................................................................................................. 16 2.2.2 Het begin in 2011 ................................................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Het regime van Bashar al-Assad .......................................................................... 19 2.3 Huidige situatie in Syrië .................................................................................................. 20 3. Syrische oppositie ............................................................................................................. 23 3.1 National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces ............................ 23 3.2 Syrian National Council .................................................................................................. 25 3.3 National Co-ordination Committee ................................................................................. 26 3.4 Free Syrian Army ............................................................................................................ 27 4. Jihad in Syrië ..................................................................................................................... 29 4.1 Het begrip jihad ............................................................................................................... 30 4.2 Opkomst van de moderne jihad ....................................................................................... 31 4.2.1 Sayyid Qutb ........................................................................................................... 33 4.2.2 Moderne jihad in de praktijk ................................................................................. 35 4.3 Islamisme en salafisme .................................................................................................... 35 4.3.1 Islamisme .............................................................................................................. 36 4.3.2 Salafisme .............................................................................................................. 36 4.3.3 Islamistische en salafistische jihadistische groeperingen ..................................... 38 4.3.4 Jahbat al-Nusra ..................................................................................................... 39 4.4 Buitenlandse strijders en de oproep tot jihad .................................................................. 41 5. Nederlandse moslims in Syrië ........................................................................................... 44 5.1 De oproep tot jihad in Nederland .................................................................................... 44 ‘Nederlandse jihadsreizigers geframed in de media’ – masterscriptie Liza Vermeulen – juli 2013 – blz. 2 5.2 Syriëgangers in de Nederlandse media ........................................................................... 46 5.2.1 Hoofdlijnen mediaoverzicht ................................................................................. 47 6. Framing ............................................................................................................................. 54 6.1 Het concept ...................................................................................................................... 54 6.2 Soorten frames ................................................................................................................ 55 6.3 Effect van framing ........................................................................................................... 56 7. Probleemstelling en onderzoeksvraag ............................................................................... 58 7.1 Tijdgebonden afbakening van het onderzoek .................................................................. 59 7.2 Afbakening van het onderzoeksobject ............................................................................ 59 7.2.1 De Volkskrant ....................................................................................................... 59 7.2.2 Algemeen Dagblad ............................................................................................... 60 7.2.3 NRC Handelsblad ................................................................................................. 61 8. Methodologie .................................................................................................................... 62 8.1 Generische frames ............................................................................................................ 62 8.1.1 Human interestframe ............................................................................................ 62 8.1.2 Het conflictframe .................................................................................................. 63 8.1.3 Het economische gevolgenframe .......................................................................... 63 8.1.4 Het moraliteitsframe ............................................................................................. 63 8.2 Diagnostische en prognostische frames .......................................................................... 63 8.2.1 Diagnostisch frame ............................................................................................... 64 8.2.2 Prognostisch frame ............................................................................................... 64 8.3 Dataverzameling ............................................................................................................. 65 8.4 Terminologie .................................................................................................................... 66 9. Onderzoeksresultaten ........................................................................................................ 67 9.1 Resultaten frameanalyse generische frames .................................................................... 67 9.2 Resultaten frameanalyse diagnostische frames ............................................................... 69 9.3 Resultaten frameanalyse prognostische frames ............................................................... 72 9.4 Terminologie ................................................................................................................... 74 9.5 Verschil tussen de drie kranten ....................................................................................... 75 9.5.1 Generische frames ................................................................................................ 75 9.5.2 Diagnostische frames ............................................................................................ 76 9.5.3 Prognostische frames ............................................................................................ 76 9.4 Terminologie ........................................................................................................... 77 10. Conclusie .......................................................................................................................... 79 10.1 Beantwoording hoofdvraag ........................................................................................... 79 10.2 Beantwoording deelvraag 1 ............................................................................................ 80 ‘Nederlandse jihadsreizigers geframed in de media’ – masterscriptie Liza Vermeulen – juli 2013 – blz. 3 10.3 Beantwoording deelvraag 2 ............................................................................................ 80 10. 4 Beperkingen en aanbevelingen ..................................................................................... 82 Bibliografie ..........................................................................................................................
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