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Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases2015

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Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases2015 ISSUE REPORT Embargoed until 10:00 am ET on December 17 Outbreaks: PROTECTING AMERICANS FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASES2015 ealthcare workers in West Africa report that some personnel are able to wear Htheir PPE for only 40 minutes at a time because of high temperatures and humid conditions. Even in the United States, where management of patients with Ebola is done in air-conditioned environments, uncomfortable PPE is a common complaint and causes a burden for healthcare workers. In September 2014, President Obama announced a “Grand Challenge” to design improved PPE for use by healthcare workers during treatment of Ebola patients. CDC’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is partnering with other U.S. agencies on the “Fighting Ebola: A Grand Challenge for Development” to help healthcare workers on the front lines provide better care and stop the spread of Ebola. The USAID-led Grand Challenge includes developing, testing, and improving PPE to address issues of protection, heat stress, and comfort for healthcare workers. NIOSH conducts research that supports the epidemic response and the Grand Challenge and is working closely with federal partners on the Grand Challenge, including (but not limited to) participating in crowdsourcing events to promote innovation, reviewing promising ideas that can be scaled to the field, and setting performance, test, and evaluation requirements. A NIOSH sweating thermal manikin with the PPE ensemble commonly used by Doctors Without Borders (MSF) for high 44 exposure areas. CDC artist’s rendering of the Ebola virus. There are five identified Ebola virus species, four of which are known to cause disease in humans. 10 DECEMBER 2015 Acknowledgements Trust for America’s Health is a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to saving lives by protecting the health of every commu- nity and working to make disease prevention a national priority. For more than 40 years, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve the health and health care of all Americans. We are striving to build a national Culture of Health that will enable all Americans to live longer, healthier lives now and for generations to come. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.rwjf.org/twitter or on Facebook at www.rwjf.org/facebook. TFAH would like to thank RWJF for their generous support of this report. TFAH BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT AUTHORS Gail C. Christopher, DN Jeffrey Levi, PhD Dara Alpert Lieberman, MPP President of the Board, TFAH Executive Director Senior Government Relations Manager Vice President for Policy and Senior Advisor Trust for America’s Health Trust for America’s Health WK Kellogg Foundation and Professor of Health Policy Kendra May, MPH Milken Institute School of Public Health at the Cynthia M. Harris, PhD, DABT Consultant George Washington University Vice President of the Board, TFAH Rebecca St. Laurent, JD Director and Professor Laura M. Segal, MA Consultant Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University Director of Public Affairs Trust for America’s Health Theodore Spencer Secretary of the Board, TFAH Senior Advocate, Climate Center Natural Resources Defense Council PEER REVIEWERS Robert T. Harris, MD TFAH thanks the following individuals and organizations for their time, expertise and in- Treasurer of the Board, TFAH Medical Director sights in reviewing all or portions of the report. The opinions expressed in the report do not North Carolina Medicaid Support Services CSC, Inc. necessarily represent the views of these individuals or their organizations. David Fleming, MD Chris Aldridge, MSW Dan Hanfling, MD Vice President Senior Advisor Public Health Programs Contributing Scholar PATH National Association of County and City Health UPMC Center for Health Security Officials Arthur Garson, Jr., MD, MPH Ruth Lynfield, MD Director, Health Policy Institute John Billington State Epidemiologist Texas Medical Center Director of Healthy Policy Minnesota Department of Health Infectious Diseases Society of America Committee on Infectious Disease John Gates, JD American Academy of Pediatrics Founder, Operator and Manager James S. Blumenstock Nashoba Brook Bakery Chief Program Officer for Public Health Practice Irwin Redlener, MD Association of State and Territorial Health Officials President/Director Octavio N. Martinez, Jr., MD, MPH, MBA, FAPA Children’s Health Fund H. Dele Davies, MD, FAAP Executive Director National Center for Disaster Preparedness Hogg Foundation for Mental Health at the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Dean University of Texas at Austin for Graduate Studies Litjen (L.J) Tan, MS, PhD University of Nebraska Medical Center Chief Strategy Officer C. Kent McGuire, PhD Committee on Infectious Disease Immunization Action Coalition President and CEO American Academy of Pediatrics Southern Education Foundation Donna Hope Wegener Jonathan Fielding, MD, MPH Executive Director Eduardo Sanchez, MD, MPH Professor-in-Residence National TB Controllers Association Chief Medical Officer for Prevention UCLA Fielding School of Public Health American Heart Association Cover photos courtesy of CDC Margaret C. Fisher, MD, FAAP Medical Director The Unterberg Children’s Hospital, Monmouth Medical Center Past Member, Committee on Infectious Disease American Academy of Pediatrics 2 TFAH • RWJF Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................4 Ebola lessons learned and preparing for MERS-CoV and other emerging infections..........6 SECTION 1: State by State Indicators ..........................................11 State Indicator Chart .....................................................12 States: Indicators Map....................................................14 States: Indicators Score Overview............................................14 Indicator 1: Public Health Funding Commitment – State Public Health Budgets...............16 Indicator 2: Flu Vaccination Rates ...............................................17 Indicator 3: Childhood Immunization School Requirement Policies ........................20 State school vaccination exemptions laws, preschooler immunization gaps, measles and pertussis (whooping cough) outbreaks Indicator 4: HIV/AIDS Surveillance ..............................................27 HIV screening and Medicaid coverage Indicator 5: Syringe Exchange Programs ..........................................29 Indicator 6: Climate Change and Infectious Disease ..................................32 Indicator 7: Reductions in Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections ..................35 Indicators 8 and 9: Public Health Laboratories ......................................38 Laboratory safety lapses, meaningful use Indicator 10: Food Safety .....................................................42 SECTION 2: National Issues and Recommendations ................................44 A. Increasing Resources to Maintain and Modernize Public Health Capabilities and Have Consistent and Science-Based Policies Across the Country .....................................45 Key federal infections disease program funding, key infectious disease and emergency response responsibilities, some key CDC infectious disease programs, a national blueprint for biodefense: leadership and major reform needed to optimize efforts, recommendations: Public health – leadership, foundational capabilities and funding B. Modernizing Disease Surveillance: For Detecting, Tracking and Containing Disease Trends ....55 Recommendations: modernizing disease surveillance C. Incentivize and Support Medical Countermeasure Research, Development and Distribution ....57 New screening tests, recommendations: improving research, development and distribution of medical countermeasures D. Address Climate Change Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks ......................60 Recommendations: preventing and preparing for the adverse impact of climate change on infectious disease, One Health E. Build Community Resilience .................................................62 Recommendations: improving community resilience, guaranteed paid sick leave F. Health System Preparedness and Enhancing Surge Capacity and Infection Control ...........66 Recommendations: enhancing health system preparedness for infectious diseases and surge capacity, recommendations: reducing healthcare-associated infections across the healthcare spectrum G. Improve Vaccination Rates – for Children and Adults................................72 Recommendations: increasing vaccination rates, vaccine preventable diseases H. Curbing Antimicrobial Resistance and Superbugs ..................................76 Antibiotic resistant threats in the United States, 2013 – CDC’s report and prioritization of threats, recommendations: reducing antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance I. Reducing Sexually Transmitted Infections and TB...................................81 Sexually transmitted infections, recommendations: strengthening STI prevention and control, HIV/ AIDS, recommendations: HIV/AIDS prevention and control, addressing the social determinants of health inequities among gay men and other men who have sex with men in the United States, gay and lesbian teens at increased risk for injections drug use, hepatitis B and C, recommendations: viral hepatitis prevention and control, tuberculosis, TB and diabetes, recommendations: toward eliminating TB in America J. Fix Food Safety...........................................................93 Recommendations: improving and aligning
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