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Water Years 2014-2018 Southern Everglades Water Quality Overview

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Water Years 2014-2018 Southern Everglades Water Quality Overview SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTDRAFT Water Years 2014-2018 Southern Everglades Water Quality Overview Water Resources Analysis Coalition South Florida Water Management District November 1, 2018 Stuart Van Horn, P.E. – Bureau Chief, Water Quality SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 2 District-Wide Rainfall DRAFT Record Setting Water Year 2018 WY2017 WY2018 WY2019 • Extremely dry antecedent conditions prior to the start of WY2018 • WY2018 wet season was the wettest on record since 1932 with 51.5” rain Remnant TS Beatriz (June 2017) Hurricane Irma (Sep 2017) TS Philippe (Oct 2017) SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 3 District-Wide Rainfall DRAFT Rainfall Distribution During Major Rainfall Events June 2017 Rainfall September 2017 Rainfall October 2017 Rainfall Events Leading SFWMD Rainfall SFWMD Rainfall SFWMD Rainfall to a Historic 02-Jun-2017 to 01-Jul-2017 02-Sep-2017 to 01-Oct-2017 02-Oct-2017 to 01-Nov-2017 Wet Season ▪ Dry season through >300% May ’17 suggested potential drought 200-300% 150-200% ▪ High Water Emergency 120-150% Order issued Jun ’17 90-120% resulting from high rainfall for the month 60-90% 30-60% ▪ Jun-Oct wet season <30% rainfall 150% above average (+17.3”) Measured (% of Avg, Diff From Avg.) DISTRICT-WIDE: 14.97” (181%, +6.72”) DISTRICT-WIDE: 13.27” (190%, +6.30”) DISTRICT-WIDE: 7.45” (186%, +3.44”) SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 4 Rainfall, Water Elevations, and Flows for WCA-3A DRAFT Rainfall Driving Stages and Flows WET SEASON DRY SEASON Below Above average rainfall average rainfall TS Philippe Hurricane Irma Hurricane Beatriz Zone A TS Start Zone E High Water Emergency Order End Southward flows Increasing flows to WCA3A to/from WCA3A Other inflows Decreasing flows to WCA3A to/from WCA3A Outflows from WCA3A SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 5 Phosphorus in the Everglades Watershed DRAFT WY2014 to WY2018 ~37% to STAs Current Condition Into the EAA 140 ~22% from Lake Okeechobee ▪ Flow-weighted mean TP from the Lake 130 9 concentrations in discharge Into the STAs decreasing from North to South 23 10 Into the Everglades ▪ Average Annual Flow Volume from the STAs 6 ▪ Water Conservation Areas and Everglades National Park 9 marshes at or below 10 ppb Into Shark ▪ Overall average of “Impacted” River Slough 4 and “Unimpacted” for State Into Taylor Slough and Coastal Basins P-Rule network Units in Symbols 7 90% of Everglades Protection ppb Area is below or at 10 ppb thousand ac-ft ppb SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 6 Federal Consent Decree and DRAFT State Phosphorus Requirements State Federal Everglades Forever Act Consent Decree Ch. 373.4592, F.S. Limited Areas ▪ Expanded Areas • Water Conservation Area – 1 (Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge) • Water Conservation Area – 1 (Loxahatchee National Wildlife • Everglades National Park Refuge) • Everglades National Park • Water Conservation Area – 2 • Water Conservation Area – 3 Everglades Protection Area (EPA) Areas Targeted for Phosphorus Reductions SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 7 Federal Consent Decree and DRAFT State Phosphorus Requirements State Federal Everglades Forever Act Consent Decree Ch. 373.4592, F.S. ▪ State Law Imposed ▪ Remedies Imposed • BMPs • Best Management Practices (BMPs) • EAA Rule - original and expanded • Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) -original area • C-139 Rule • Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) • STAs • EAA – original 40K acres • EAA and C139 - original 40K acres and • Everglades research and monitoring program to improvements via Long-Term Plan support establishment of phosphorus numeric • Restoration Strategies - STAs > 64K acres and criterion for Water Conservation Areas (WCAs) Flow Equalization Basins > 115K acre-feet storage • Establish phosphorus numeric criterion • Additional projects for Quantity-Timing- Distribution (QTD) Phosphorus Control Programs SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 8 Federal Consent Decree and DRAFT State Phosphorus Requirements State Federal Everglades Forever Act Consent Decree Ch. 373.4592, F.S. ▪ Tracking response to Remedies ▪ Tracking response to State Law • BMP: EAA 25% Reduction • BMP: EAA 25% Reduction, C139 Historic • Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge • WCA-1 (Refuge), WCA-2, WCA-3 • Monthly Level varies as GM, corrected for marsh • Total Phosphorus Rule, networks in all WCAs stage • Everglades National Park • Everglades National Park • Inflow limits same as Consent Decree for Shark • Annual inflow limit varies for Shark River Slough River Slough & Taylor Slough and Coastal as FWM, corrected for inflow volume Basins • Total Phosphorus Rule – Default criterion if • Annual inflow limit fixed for Taylor Slough & Consent Decree no longer applicable Coastal Basins GM: Geometric Mean (geomean) • STAs FWM: Flow Weighted mean NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Effluent System • NPDES WQBEL WQBEL: Water Quality Based Effluent Limit Phosphorus Inflows and Marsh Levels SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTDRAFT9 Overview of Phosphorus Mandates ▪ EAA Stormwater Runoff • Consent Decree Appendix E, 25% TP reduction from baseline • State Everglades Forever Act and BMP rule (40E-63) ▪ STA Discharges to EPA • Original 50 ppb expectation • Federal NPDES WQBEL ▪ EPA Downstream Marshes WCA-1 • WCA-1 (Refuge) 10 ppb • Consent Decree Appendix B and State Phosphorus Rule WCA-1 • WCA-2 and WCA-3 7.2 - 17.6 ppb WCA-2 • State Phosphorus Rule 10 ppb (Consent Decree inapplicable) SRS WCA-3 • Everglades National Park 7.6 - 12.8 ppb 10 ppb • Consent Decree Appendix A TSCB • Shark River Slough (SRS) 11 ppb • Taylor Slough/Costal Basins (TSCB) (State Phosphorus Rule adopts) SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 10 Phosphorus Controls Upstream of DRAFT Water Conservation Areas STA – Stormwater Treatment Area FEB – Flow Equalization Basin SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 11 “Treatment Train” Approach to Reduce DRAFT Phosphorus since Everglades Forever Act WY2018 66% Phosphorus improvement BMPs Reduction achieved through load and concentration reductions WY2018 - A-1 FEB on-line 36 ppb - L-8 FEB recently operational - STA-1W Expansion under construction STAs - C-139 FEB design initiated - STA5/6 improvements initiated Restoration Required Strategies 13 ppb Phosphorus Reductions Phosphorus WQBEL Water Quality Improvement Measures SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 12 Everglades Agricultural Area DRAFT Phosphorus Load Reduction Achieved with BMPs 100% Annual Load Reduction 90% 23-Year Average: 54% 79% 80% 79% 73% 71% 70% 70% 68% 68% 66% 64% 63% 59% 60% 55% 55% 7,000 50% 49% 49% 44% 44% 41% 41% 40% Phosphorus Loads (mtons) 34% 35% 6,000 30% Reduction Required by Law 25% 27% Cumulative Load Reduction 5,000 Phosphorus Reduction Phosphorus 20% 18% 10% 3,779mtons 4,000 0% * 3,000 2,000 Best Management Practices 1,000 prevented 3,779 metric tons of phosphorus from leaving the EAA 0 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018* mtons – metric tons = 1,000 kilograms Water Year *WY2018 Extraordinarily Wet Year SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 13 Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas PhosphorusDRAFT Concentration & Load Reductions STA Outflow FWM TP for Annual Concentration Trend Last Five Water Years (ppb) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018* STA-1E 41 21 19 20 47 STA-1W 24 19 36 23 39 STA-2 19 16 18 14 38 STA-3/4 14 15 12 11 12 STA-5/6 23 32 29 18 74 All 21 17 20 15 36 * Stormwater Treatment Areas prevented 2,604 metric tons of phosphorus from entering the Water Conservation Areas FWM – flow weighted mean ppb – parts per billion; acft – acre feet mtons – metric tons = 1,000 kilograms * *WY2018 Extraordinarily Wet Year SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 14 Water Conservation Area 1 (Refuge) DRAFT Inflow Phosphorus Improvement Treatment through STAs 1E and 1W 350 WCA-1 (Refuge) 300 250 200 150 Annual FWM Annual 2014 - 2018 1978-1990 100 5-Year Average Average 30 ppb 50 183 ppb Phosphorus Concentration (ppb) Concentration Phosphorus 0 * Water Year (May - April) FWM – flow weighted mean *WY2018 Extraordinarily Wet Year ppb – parts per billion SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 15 Water Conservation Area 2A DRAFT Inflow Phosphorus Improvement Treatment through STAs 2 and 3/4 350 WCA-2A 300 250 1978-1990 Average 200 103 ppb 150 Annual FWM Annual 100 2014 - 2018 5-Year Average 50 17 ppb Phosphorus Concentration (ppb) Concentration Phosphorus 0 * Water Year (May - April) FWM – flow weighted mean *WY2018 Extraordinarily Wet Year ppb – parts per billion SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 16 Water Conservation Area 3A DRAFT Inflow Phosphorus Improvement Treatment through STAs 3/4 and 5/6 350 WCA-3A 1978-1990 300 Average 126 ppb 250 200 150 Annual FWM Annual 100 2014 - 2018 5-Year Average 50 23 ppb Phosphorus Concentration (ppb) Concentration Phosphorus 0 * Water Year (May - April) FWM – flow weighted mean *WY2018 Extraordinarily Wet Year ppb – parts per billion SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT 17 Water Conservation Areas DRAFT Marsh Phosphorus Trends and Mandates WY1979-1983 WY2014-2018 Majority of area below High TP in WCAs 10 parts per billion (ppb) All WCAs TP Rule 4-part Compliance Test Long-Term Applied to Test Criteria 5-year Average All Stations GM ≤ 10 ppb 3 of 5 years All Stations GM ≤ 10 ppb Annual All Stations GM ≤ 11 ppb Annual Individual GM ≤ 15 ppb Note: Test is applied to Impacted and Unimpacted sites separately WCA-1 (Refuge) Consent Decree, Appendix B Long-term Level ▪ TP concentration varies with stage (inverse relationship) ▪ Level range 7.2 - 17.6 ppb ▪ No more than 1 in 12 months can exceed Level TP values represent the 5-year average of annual
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