DOCSLIB.ORG

KENYA Public Disclosure Authorized

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

RESTRICTED Report No. AF-26a FILE COPY This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. Public Disclosure Authorized They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized THE ECONOMY OF KENYA Public Disclosure Authorized July 10, 1964 Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Operations Africa CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS 100 EA cents = 1 EA shilling = U.S. $0. 14 20 EA shillings = L 1 sterling = U. S. $2. 80 6 1 million sterling = U. S. $2. 8 million U.S. $1 = 7. 15 EA shillings U.S. $1 million = L 357, 143 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page IIaps Charts Basic Data Suanary I. BACKGROUND . .. a 1 Country and People . .. .. .. .. .... 1 Constitutional and Political Developments . 2 II. THE EC ONOMY . a o. o. * 5 Structure and Growth . Agriculture . .. 6 Forestry . Q . .. .o . 11 Tourism and Wildlife . .. 12 YMining and Manufacturing . 12 Construction . 13 Electricity and Water ....... 13 Transportation . 13 Government Services . .. ..... 14 Foreign Trade and Payments *. .* . * .. 15 Capital Formation 0 . 0 . 17 Employment, Earnings and Prices . ... ... , . 18 Money and Credit a . C . 0 a a. - 19 Public Finances . ., a . 21 III. THE DEVELOPMEN4T PLAN . 23 IV. PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSIONS . ........ 26 STATISTICAL APPENDIX Li /- c a i: rr i4- æ r> KENYA AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND TRANSPORT C 5 ------. 4 E T H 1 O P l A.... .: S O M A L l A HoR T H E TE R H u G Au D A o" EA 5 T E R N To, ir O A s T a avar-....r...øso e. m/NERALDE'PoSiTS AS SHOWNGz J)NE1964 IBRU1366 KENYA MAIN COMMODITIES EXPORTED (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL VALUE) 1954 1963 OTHER 24.8% OTHER 26.9% COFFE COFFEE 28.1% WATTLEE PYRETHRUIM LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 8.4% TEA 10.3% SISAL 9.9% PRODUCTS TEA 13.0% 11.3% TOTAL: f 20.3 MILLION TOTAL: L 43.8 MILLION BALANCE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERTERRITORIAL TRADE (MILLIONS OFk) 80 80 NET IMPORTS 60-- 6 0 40 40 > EXPORTS TO COUNTRIES OTHER THAN UGANDA AND / TANGANYIKA 20 -F 20 / TRADE BALANCE WITH / UGANDA AND TANGANYIKA 0 I I I- _ _ _ _ 0 '46 '50 '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 6/10/64 IBRD- Economic Deportment 2364 (R) KENYA SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) 60 I I I I I I 00 50___KENYA'S OWN DEBT PLUS 50 - -DEBT INCURRED FOR 50 KENYA'S OWN DEBT PLUS DEBT RAILWAYS AND HARBORS INCURRED FOR RAILWAYS AND HARBORS *. PLUS CONTINGENT DEBT SHARED 40- - - WITH UGANDA AND TANGANYIKA 40 30- 30 20-2 OWN DE BT 00 Il*......--e* KEN YA' S '46 '50 '53'55 '60 '65 '70 '75 '77 : ACTUAL PROJECTED > WORLD PRICES OF MAJOR EXPORT COMMODITIES (DOLLARS PER 100 LBS.) (I PER LONG TON) 80 II200 COFFEE (MANIZALES) LEFT SCALE) %x(+-- WRGHT SCALE I~ 20 50 0 '54 '55 '56 '57 '58 '59 '60 '61 '62 '63 *U.K.,annual overage prices at London auctions for East African tea. *'K'East Africa No.l, c.i.f. European parts. 6/10/64 18RD-Economic Department 2365 BASIC DATA Area: 225,000 square miles - 583,000 square km. Population: Total (June 1963) 8.6 million Rate of Growth 3% (1948-62) Total non-African population ' 270,000 Density of total population - 15 per square km. Political Status: Independent since December 12, 1963 Member of Commonwealth Membershio: Bank, IDA, IFC - February 3, 1964 Total GDP (as of 1963): I 260 million $ 728 million % of GDP from: mining and manufacturing 9.8% cash agriculture and livestock 20.% subsistence agriculture 25.65 Rate of growth of GDP - 1954-58 7.1% 1958-62 3.9% Percentages of Monetary GDP (1963) Gross investment 15% Gross savings 12% Exports (incl. East Africa) 34% Balance of payments c/a deficit (1962) 3% Taxation 18% Total money supply n.a.1) Per Capita GDP (1962-63): $80 at present exchange rate Currenc-: East African shillings Value in dcllars 0.14 Member of L area and the East African currency area. Public Finances: Latest budget as of 1963/64 (estimates): Current receipts Ts49.5 million Current expenditures TO0.5 million Current deficit -bl.0 million Total budget investment expenditure U14.7 million in U.S. $ equivalent Total external public debt (as of April 30, 1964): 173.7 Total annual debt service (1964): 12.4 Debt service ratio as % of total exports 10% Balance of Payments (1963) in U.S. $ equivalent Total exports 173.6 Total imports 230.0 Net invisibles +15.1 Net current account balance - -13.4 Rate of growth in export value: 1954-62 9.8% No data are.available on currency in circulation in individual countries of the East African currency area. Basic Data (continued) External Assistance In U.S. $ equivalent 1954-60: grants 112 loans 46 Since 1960 (as of 1963): Total made Total Total Source available Committed disbursed United Kingdom n.a. n.a. 103.5 United States (June 163) 8.1 8.1 n.a. IBRD (April '64) 14.0 10.2 5.6 West Germany 14.0 14.0 10 I1F quota $25 million (undrawn as of June, 1964). Bank/IDA/IFC Assistance Purpose Date Amount Bank loans African agriculture (256) May 27, 1960 $5.6 million Land Settlement (303) Nov. 29, 1961 $8.4 million IDA Credits - IFC investments SUMMARY 1. Kenya is an equatorial country the size of France on the East Coast of Africa, with a variety of climates and soils. Population and economic activity are concentrated at the coast and in the highlands. Agricultural land is the country's main asset and farming the dominant occupation for its nine million inhabitants, 97% of whom are Africans. Population growth is about 3% annually. In recent years, the African contribution to the mone- tary economy has been increasing rapidly, mainly through higher sales of coffee, cotton, pyrethrum, tea and sisal, and the marketing of livestock products. Europeans and Asians control most of Kenya's monetary economy, which includes an efficient large-scale farming sector providing 80% of - cash agricultural production and exports, and a small but important indust- rial establishment producing a variety of goods for the East African market. Transport, banking and other services are also sigIficant. Asians play an important role in commerce and provide skilled manpower in industry and - government. Europeans are engaged in farming and plantation industry, manu- facturing, government and professional services. 2, Independence was achieved in December 1963. The present government, drawn from the majority party, the Kenya African National Union (KANU), is led by Mr. Jomo Kenyatta as Prime Minister. It strongly supports the - East African common market. Africanization of the civil service is rapid- ly pursued. An African take-over of parts of the large-scale farming sector is under way to relieve landlessness. Development efforts are pushed on a broad front to increase agricultural output and attract new industries - with a view to raising living standards and reducing the pressure of unem- ployment. 3. Economic growth since the war has been uneven. Extensive capital formation financed by an inflow of foreign funds made possible a boom in production and exports in 1954-59, which was followed by setbacks from bad weather and a loss of confidence among the non-African community as a result of political- uncertainties. Per capita income stagnated at about $80 per year in 1960-62. Normal weather and a partial return of confidence has made possible a renewal of economic expansion in 1963. The improve- ment was aided by a rise in export income partly as a result of higher sisal prices, 4. Any evaluation of Kenya's economic prospects must be surrounded by a wide margin of uncertainty because of the many unpredictable political factors involved. Present fairly satisfactory economic performance is - to a great extent based on the maintenance of European large-scale farm- ing and the retention of expatriate officers in the government services. Too rapid Africanization of these sectors could lead to a serious drop in production which might be difficult to regain. The border dispute - ii - with Sonalia, tensions between racial groups or between tribes may force the- government to actions not conducive to economic progress. Much of the reviv- al of confidence by the non-African groups has stermed from the faith they place in the fairness of the Prime Minister. 5. Export prospects are good for sisal, tea and cotton, at least in the forseeable future. They are less encouraging for pyrethrum due to-previous overstocking, and Kenya coffee may be heading for a crisis of over-production.- Kenya has considerable livestock potential which could be utilized for increas- ing exports as well as improving the local diet. An expansion of the manu- - facturing and service industries could take place on the basis of a maintain- ed and strengthened East Africa common market. Provided economic development is not seriously impeded by political factors, therefore, real growth rates of 1-2jo per year on a per capita basis should be within reach. 6. In the longer run,economic growth will be increasingly dependent on an increase in capital formation, which must be supported by a renewed inflow of funds. The government's new economic development plan for 1964/67 follows in the main the recommendations by the 1962 Economic Survey Mission. Emphasis is placed on agricultural schemes such as a continuation of the successful consolidation and development of African smallholdings, resettlement of Africans on former European farms, and opening up new lands by means of irrigation.
Recommended publications
  • CHRISTIAN GERLACH Sustainable Violence: Mass Resettlement, Strategic Villages, and Militias in Anti-Guerrilla Warfare

    CHRISTIAN GERLACH Sustainable Violence: Mass Resettlement, Strategic Villages, and Militias in Anti-Guerrilla Warfare

    CHRISTIAN GERLACH Sustainable Violence: Mass Resettlement, Strategic Villages, and Militias in Anti-Guerrilla Warfare in RICHARD BESSEL AND CLAUDIA B. HAAKE (eds.), Removing Peoples. Forced Removal in the Modern World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009) pp. 360–393 ISBN: 978 0 199 56195 7 The following PDF is published under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND licence. Anyone may freely read, download, distribute, and make the work available to the public in printed or electronic form provided that appropriate credit is given. However, no commercial use is allowed and the work may not be altered or transformed, or serve as the basis for a derivative work. The publication rights for this volume have formally reverted from Oxford University Press to the German Historical Institute London. All reasonable effort has been made to contact any further copyright holders in this volume. Any objections to this material being published online under open access should be addressed to the German Historical Institute London. DOI: 15 Sustainable Violence: Mass Resettlement, Strategic Villages, and Militias in Anti-Guerrilla Warfare CHRISTIAN GERLACH Introduction The story told in this essay begins around 1950, about at the end of what some call the 'racial century'. 1 In scholarly discussion anti-partisan warfare has been relatively neglected, although it accounted for a large proportion of the victims of mass violence in the twentieth century.2 Many of these victims resulted from resettlement, removal, and expulsion. Yet the events covered here have hardly played a part in debates about enforced popu- lation movements during the past decade or two, given that mass transfers of populations have increasingly been declared 'ethnic' in the course of what amounts to an ethnization of history due to post-1989 bourgeois triumphalism.
  • Kenya Election History 1963-2013

    Kenya Election History 1963-2013

    KENYA ELECTION HISTORY 1963-2013 1963 Kenya Election History 1963 1963: THE PRE-INDEPENDENCE ELECTIONS These were the last elections in pre-independent Kenya and the key players were two political parties, KANU and KADU. KADU drew its support from smaller, less urbanized communities hence advocated majimboism (regionalism) as a means of protecting them. KANU had been forced to accept KADU’s proposal to incorporate a majimbo system of government after being pressured by the British government. Though KANU agreed to majimbo, it vowed to undo it after gaining political power. The majimbo constitution that was introduced in 1962 provided for a two-chamber national legislature consisting of an upper (Senate) and lower (House of Representative). The Campaign KADU allied with the African People’s Party (APP) in the campaign. KANU and APP agreed not to field candidates in seats where the other stood a better chance. The Voting Elections were marked by high voter turnout and were held in three phases. They were widely boycotted in the North Eastern Province. Violence was reported in various parts of the country; four were killed in Isiolo, teargas used in Nyanza and Nakuru, clashes between supporters in Machakos, Mombasa, Nairobi and Kitale. In the House of Representative KANU won 66 seats out of 112 and gained working majority from 4 independents and 3 from NPUA, KADU took 47 seats and APP won 8. In the Senate KANU won 19 out 38 seats while KADU won 16 seats, APP won 2 and NPUA only 1. REFERENCE: NATIONAL ELECTIONS DATA BOOK By Institute for Education in Democracy (published in 1997).
  • REVISION O F the AFRICAN Caeclllan GENUS

    REVISION O F the AFRICAN Caeclllan GENUS

    REVISION OFTHE AFRICAN CAEClLlAN GENUS SCHISTOMETOPUM PARKER (AMPH IBIA: CYMNOPHIONA: CAECILI IDAE) BY RONALD A. NU AND MICHAEL E. PFRENDER MISCELLANEC JS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 18Fb; ' Ann Arbor, September 2 7, 1 998 ISSN 076-8405 MIS(:ELIANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, LJNTVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NO. 187 The publicatioils of the M~~sclunof Zoology, The [Jniversity of Michigan, consist PI-irnarilyof two series-the Occasion:~lPapers allti the Miscellaneous Publicatio~ls.Both series were founded by Dc Bryant Walker, Mr. Rradshaw H. Swales, anti Dr. W.W. Newcornb. Occasionally the Museuni publishes contributiorls outside of these series; begirlnirlg in 1990 these are titled Special Publicatio~lsa~ld arc numbered. All submitted ~n;inl~scriptsreceive external review. The Misccllarieous Publications, which include ~l~ollographicstltdies, papers on field and ~II- seuln techniques, and other contributions 11ot within the scope of the Occasio~lalPapers, are pl~b- lishcd separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each 11r11nberhas a title page and, when necessary, a table of co1itelits. Tllc Occasional Papel-s, publication of which was begun in 1913, servc as a medium Sol- original studies based prirlcipally upon the collections in the Museurn. They are issurtl separately. MThen a sufficient number of pages has hcen printed to niakc a volume, a title pagc, table of contenb, and an index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the series. A cornplete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Moll~~sks,Rcpdles and Amphib- ians, and other topics is available. Address inquiries to the Directt)r, Muse~unof Zoolohy, The lir~ivcr- sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigarl 48109-1079.
  • Mauritius's Constitution of 1968 with Amendments Through 2016

    Mauritius's Constitution of 1968 with Amendments Through 2016

    PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:39 constituteproject.org Mauritius's Constitution of 1968 with Amendments through 2016 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:39 Table of contents CHAPTER I: THE STATE AND THE CONSTITUTION . 7 1. The State . 7 2. Constitution is supreme law . 7 CHAPTER II: PROTECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF THE INDIVIDUAL . 7 3. Fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual . 7 4. Protection of right to life . 7 5. Protection of right to personal liberty . 8 6. Protection from slavery and forced labour . 10 7. Protection from inhuman treatment . 11 8. Protection from deprivation of property . 11 9. Protection for privacy of home and other property . 14 10. Provisions to secure protection of law . 15 11. Protection of freedom of conscience . 17 12. Protection of freedom of expression . 17 13. Protection of freedom of assembly and association . 18 14. Protection of freedom to establish schools . 18 15. Protection of freedom of movement . 19 16. Protection from discrimination . 20 17. Enforcement of protective provisions . 21 17A. Payment or retiring allowances to Members . 22 18. Derogations from fundamental rights and freedoms under emergency powers . 22 19. Interpretation and savings . 23 CHAPTER III: CITIZENSHIP . 25 20. Persons who became citizens on 12 March 1968 . 25 21. Persons entitled to be registered as citizens . 25 22. Persons born in Mauritius after 11 March 1968 . 26 23. Persons born outside Mauritius after 11 March 1968 .
  • Tuvalu Immigration Regulations 2014

    Tuvalu Immigration Regulations 2014

    IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS 2014 Immigration Regulations 2014 Arrangement of Sections IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS 2014 Arrangement of Sections Regulation 1 Citation and commencement.................................................................................. 5 2 Visitors Permit ....................................................................................................... 5 3 Permit to Enter and Reside .................................................................................... 6 4 Application process for Permit to Enter and Reside .............................................. 6 5 Additional requirements for a Permit to Enter and Reside to conduct business or undertake employment in Tuvalu ....................................................... 7 6 Cancellation of Visitor Permit or Permit to Enter and Reside ............................... 8 7 Fees for Permits to Enter and Reside ..................................................................... 9 8 Prohibition on landing ........................................................................................... 9 9 Arrival Cards.......................................................................................................... 9 10 Departure Cards ................................................................................................... 10 11 Repeal .................................................................................................................. 10 SCHEDULE 1 11 LIST OF COUNTRIES WHO ARE NOT LIABLE TO PAY VISITORS PERMIT FEES 11 SCHEDULE
  • Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa

    Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COLONIALISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA Leander Heldring James A. Robinson Working Paper 18566 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18566 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 November 2012 We are grateful to Jan Vansina for his suggestions and advice. We have also benefitted greatly from many discussions with Daron Acemoglu, Robert Bates, Philip Osafo-Kwaako, Jon Weigel and Neil Parsons on the topic of this research. Finally, we thank Johannes Fedderke, Ewout Frankema and Pim de Zwart for generously providing us with their data. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2012 by Leander Heldring and James A. Robinson. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa Leander Heldring and James A. Robinson NBER Working Paper No. 18566 November 2012 JEL No. N37,N47,O55 ABSTRACT In this paper we evaluate the impact of colonialism on development in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the world context, colonialism had very heterogeneous effects, operating through many mechanisms, sometimes encouraging development sometimes retarding it. In the African case, however, this heterogeneity is muted, making an assessment of the average effect more interesting.
  • Uganda Constitutional Instruments

    Uganda Constitutional Instruments

    UGANDA GOVERNMENT U o- A ^ d-d,, 0-ùi ' 67//7i/7 à A) , UGANDA CONSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS The Uganda (Independence) Order in Council, 1962 and The Constitution of Uganda (excluding Schedules I to 6) in force on THE 31st DECEMBER, 1963 Printed and published by the Government Printer, Entebbe under the Authority of the Government of Uganda UGANDA CONSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS The Uganda (Independence) Order in Council, 1962 and The Constitution of Uganda (excluding Schedules I to 6) LOS ANGELES COUNTY LAW LIBRARY PREFACE THIS BOOKLET, which is intended to be used in conjunction with the edition of the Constitutional Instruments published in 1962, contains the Uganda (Independence) Order in Council, 1962, and the Constitution of Uganda, as in force on the 31st December, 1963. Where it appears that any provision of the Order in Council is spent or is not likely to be the subject of more than an occasional reference in the future, the provision in question has been printed in italics. This has been done merely for convenience. These provisions have not been repealed, and remain part of the Order. It has not been possible to include in this booklet Schedules 1 to 6 of the Constitution. For these Schedules, which contain the Constitution of Buganda, the special provisions for the other Federal States and the procedure for the election of members of the National Assembly from Buganda by the Lukiiko, it will still be necessary to refer to the 1962 edition of the Constitutional Instruments. G. L. BINAISA, Attorney-General. ENTEBBE, 30TH JANUARY, 1964. THE UGANDA (INDEPENDENCE) ORDER IN COUNCIL, 1962 ARRANGEMENT OF ORDER.
  • Oman, Zanzibar, Their Relationship – and Our Trip

    Oman, Zanzibar, Their Relationship – and Our Trip

    Oman, Zanzibar, Their Relationship – and Our Trip http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/True_Negros/Assorted/Oman_Zanzibar_Sultanate.htm Oman and Zanzibar are separated by 2,400 of the Indian Ocean. Oman is in the Middle East (in Asia); Zanzibar part of Africa. So why is the University of Arizona Center for Middle Eastern Studies’ 2016 Fulbright-Hays Group Project Abroad combining these two regions? Historically, the two areas have been in close contact with each other and provide an interesting case study of cross-regional relations. The curriculum-development program will explore these political, linguistic, and religious ties and will develop ways to integrate the information into elementary and secondary classes. From the 1st century CE, traders from the Arabian peninsula – as well as Persia and India – were in regular contact with Zanzibar and the East African coast; such cultural and trade relations increased by the 11th century. Political ties date from the early 1500s when both Oman and Zanzibar came under Portuguese colonial rule. Nearly 200 years later, Omanis overthrew Portuguese control and took charge of both Oman and Zanzibar. The latter became a center of Arab trade in slaves, spices (particularly cloves), and ivory. Many Arabs moved to the island, bringing with them Ibadi Islam, a very small school of Islamic thought which is the main faith of Oman and an important force in Zanzibar. By the 19th century, Zanzibar had become a center of Islamic scholarship: a contact zone between Ibadi Islam and other variants of the Muslim faith. The height of Arab association with Zanzibar occurred in 1840 when Omani ruler Sayyid Said bin Sultan al-Busaid moved his capital from Muscat, Oman, to Stone Town, Zanzibar.
  • Inequality in Nigeria 12

    Inequality in Nigeria 12

    Photo: Moshood Raimi/Oxfam Acknowledgement This report was written and coordinated by Emmanuel Mayah, an investigative journalist and the Director Reporters 360, Chiara Mariotti (PhD), Inequality Policy Manager, Evelyn Mere, who is Associate Country Director Oxfam in Nigeria and Celestine Okwudili Odo, Programme Coordinator Governance, Oxfam in Nigeria Several Oxfam colleagues gave valuable input and support to the finalisation of this report, and therefore deserve special mention. They include: Deborah Hardoon, Nick Galasso, Paul Groenewegen, Ilse Balstra, Henry Ushie, Chioma Ukwuagu, Safiya Akau, Max Lawson, Head of Inequality Policy Oxfam International, and Jonathan Mazliah. a former Oxfam staffer. Our partners also made invaluable contributions in the campaign strategy development and report review process. We wish to thank BudgIT Information Technology Network; National Association of Nigeria Traders (NANTS),Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC), Niger Delta Budget Monitoring Group (NDEBUMOG, KEBETKACHE Women Development and Resource Centre and the African Centre for Corporate Responsibility (ACCR). Ruona J. Meyer and Thomas Fuller did an excellent job editing the report, while the production process was given a special touch by BudgIT Information Technology Network, our Inequality Campaign partner. © Oxfam International May 2017 This publication is copyright but the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education, and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full. The copyright holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for re-use in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, permission must be secured and a fee may be charged.
  • A History of Nairobi, Capital of Kenya

    A History of Nairobi, Capital of Kenya

    ....IJ­ .. Kenya Information Dept. Nairobi, Showing the Legislative Council Building TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Chapter I. Pre-colonial Background • • • • • • • • • • 4 II. The Nairobi Area. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 29 III. Nairobi from 1896-1919 •• • • • • • • • • • 50 IV. Interwar Nairobi: 1920-1939. • • • • • • • 74 V. War Time and Postwar Nairobi: 1940-1963 •• 110 VI. Independent Nairobi: 1964-1966 • • • • • • 144 Appendix • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 168 Bibliographical Note • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179 Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 182 iii PREFACE Urbanization is the touchstone of civilization, the dividing mark between raw independence and refined inter­ dependence. In an urbanized world, countries are apt to be judged according to their degree of urbanization. A glance at the map shows that the under-developed countries are also, by and large, rural. Cities have long existed in Africa, of course. From the ancient trade and cultural centers of Carthage and Alexandria to the mediaeval sultanates of East Africa, urban life has long existed in some degree or another. Yet none of these cities changed significantly the rural character of the African hinterland. Today the city needs to be more than the occasional market place, the seat of political authority, and a haven for the literati. It remains these of course, but it is much more. It must be the industrial and economic wellspring of a large area, perhaps of a nation. The city has become the concomitant of industrialization and industrialization the concomitant 1 2 of the revolution of rising expectations. African cities today are largely the products of colonial enterprise but are equally the measure of their country's progress. The city is witness everywhere to the acute personal, familial, and social upheavals of society in the process of urbanization.
  • Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021

    Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021

    Please note, although we endeavour to provide you with the most up to date information derived from various third parties an d sources, we cannot be held accountable for any inaccuracies or changes to this information. Inclusion of company information in this matrix does no t imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities. Logistics Cluster /WFP maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable serv ice provider. If you have any updates to share, please email them to: [email protected] Border Restrictions Updated 6 April 2021 State / Territory Restrictions (Other Info) Restriction Period Source of Info URL / Remarks State of Emergency is extended until 18 April 2021. Color-coded system to guide response. Current level is Code Blue. All entry permits suspended until further notice. All travellers must provide negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival and are subject to full quarantine of 14 days. Moreover, the American Samoa traveller is required to disclose if he/she had a positive result prior to testing negative. American Samoa Until 18 April 2021 Government, 19 March https://www.americansamoa.gov/ Cargo flights into the Territory to deliver or retrieve cargo or mail will be allowed, provided that each 2021 occupant of the plane must furnish proof to the Director of Health of a negative COVID-19 test results within 72 hours before arrival, and further provided tht no one will disembark withouth the prior written approval of the Governor.
  • Malawi Systematic Country Diagnostic: Breaking the Cycle of Low Growth and Poverty Reduction

    Malawi Systematic Country Diagnostic: Breaking the Cycle of Low Growth and Poverty Reduction

    Report No. 132785 Public Disclosure Authorized Malawi Systematic Country Diagnostic: Breaking the Cycle of Low Growth and Slow Poverty Reduction December 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Malawi Country Team Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized i ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS ADMARC Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation ANS Adjusted Net Savings APES Agricultural Production Estimates System BVIS Bwanje Valley Irrigation Scheme CDSSs Community Day Secondary Schools CBCCs community-based child care centers CPI Comparability of Consumer Price Index CCT Conditional cash transfers CEM Country Economic Memorandum DRM Disaster Risk Management ECD Early Childhood Development EASSy East Africa Submarine System IFPRI Food Policy Research Institute FPE Free Primary Education GPI Gender parity indexes GEI Global Entrepreneurship Index GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross enrollment rate GNI Gross national income IPPs Independent Power Producers IFMIS Integrated Financial Management Information System IHPS Integrated Household Panel Survey IHS Integrated Household Survey IRR internal rate of return IMP Investment Plan ECD Mainstream Early Childhood Development MACRA Malawi Communications Regulatory Authority MHRC Malawi Human Rights Commission SCTP Malawi’s Social Cash Transfer Program GNS Malawi's gross national savings MOAIWD Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development MPC Monetary Policy Committee MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey NDRM National Disaster Risk Management NES National Export