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André Rodolfo De Oliveira Ribeiro1,6, Marccus Alves2, Ana Paula Do

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André Rodolfo De Oliveira Ribeiro1,6, Marccus Alves2, Ana Paula Do Rodriguésia 66(2): 571-597. 2015 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201566221 The genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil André Rodolfo de Oliveira Ribeiro1,6, Marccus Alves2, Ana Paula do Nascimento Prata3, Odaci Fernandes de Oliveira4, Leandro de Oliveira Furtado de Sousa5, Regina Célia de Oliveira5 Abstract Cyperus is a Pantropical genus and the second richest in species in Cyperaceae. It encompasses about 550 species worldwide, with about 100 of these occurring in Brazil. Studies on the taxonomy of this genus are scarce and punctual in Brazil. In this study, the occurrence of species was surveyed through 27 collecting expeditions across different regions in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and analyzis of specimens of several herbaria. Twenty four species of Cyperus were identified, including six new occurrences and one new species, here described, but that will be properly published in other work. This study includes a dichotomous key for the identification of the species, as well as illustrations, descriptions, taxonomic comments and geographical distribution. Key words: Cyperoideae; Taxonomy; Monocots. Introduction Pycreus and other taxa at generic level and proposed Cyperus sensu stricto encompassing two Cyperaceae is a cosmopolitan family subgenera, that is, Cyperus (including the species represented by about 5,500 species (Govaertz et with C4 photosynthetic pathway) and Anosporum al. 2014), with about 650 of these occurring in (Nees) C.B. Clarke (including the species with C3 Brazil (Alves et al. 2014). Recent studies reportedly photosynthetic pathway). subdivided this family into two clades, which are Recently, phylogenetic studies by Larridon et represented by the subfamilies Mapanioideae and al. (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2013) led to the proposition Cyperoideae (Simpson et al. 2007; Muasya et al. of a more comprehensive classification, which 2009a, 2009b). Among Cyperoideae, the tribe demonstrates that Cyperus is paraphyletic and the Cypereae may be subdivided into two subclades “Cyperus Clade” encompasses at least 13 genera. In (Larridon et al. 2013): one - ‟Ficinia Clade”, with the subclade Cyperus C3, it was included the genera about 160 species - represents the species of southern Courtoisina Soják, Oxycaryum Nees and Kyllingiella Africa, the majority of these bearing spirally R.W. Haines & Lye; in the subclade Cyperus C4, it arranged glumes; the other -‟Cyperus Clade”, was included nine genera, viz., Alinula J. Raynal, with about 950 species - represents the Pantropical Ascolepis Nees ex Steud., Lipocarpha R. Br., Kyllinga species, most of them with distichous glumes. Rottb., Pycreus P. Beauv., Queenslandiella Domin, The circumscription of Cyperus L. inside the Remirea Aubl., Sphaerocyperus Lye, and Volkiella Cyperus Clade has been non-consensual. Kükenthal Merxm. & Czech. (1936) and Haines & Lye (1983) accepted Cyperus Since the results from the phylogenetic studies sensu lato and treated some taxa, as Kyllinga Rottb. by Larridon et al. (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2013) have and Pycreus P. Beauv., as of infrageneric rank. On not yet been incorporated into the nomenclature the other hand, Goetghebeur (1998) kept Kyllinga, of Cyperus, the taxonomic classification used in 1 Universidade de Brasília, Inst. Ciências Biológicas, Depto. Botânica, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Depto. Botânica, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, UFPE, CCB, 50940-000, Recife, PE, Brazil. Temporary Address: Herbarium Senckenberg Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, 60325. Germany. 3 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Campus Universitário Professor Aloísio de Campos, 49100-000, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Depto. Ciências Vegetais, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, 59.625-900, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. 5 Universidade de Brasília, Inst. Ciências Biológicas, Depto. Botânica, C.P. 04457, 70.919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 6 Author for correspondence: [email protected]. 572 Ribeiro, A.R.O. et al. the Flora of Brazil (Alves et al. 2014), as well Material and Methods as in most of the regional studies (Araújo & The study was based on an intensive Longhi-Wagner 1996; Luceño et al. 1997; Hefler program of collection from July 2006 to May & Longhi-Wagner 2012), follows that proposed 2010 throughout the state of the Rio Grande by Goetghebeur (1998). The present study also do Norte: 21 field expeditions along Apodi– followed this classification and included in the Mossoró river (supported by the project Petrobrás taxonomic treatment the Cyperus s. s. species as Ambiental/rio Apodi-Mossoró), one expedition treated by Goetghebeur (1998). to the middle West and Seridó regions, one to the The genus Cyperus s. s. has about 550 Low Açu valley, one to the Agreste Potiguar, and species and is recognized by the presence of three to the East Littoral region. In addition, it a rosette of leaves - formed as the result of was analyzed the specimen collections deposited a combination of the short internodes with in the herbaria EAC, HUEFS, MOSS, UB, UFRN the spirally alternate phyllotaxis, terminal and UFP (abbreviations according to Thiers inflorescence, distichous glumes, hermaphroditic [continuously updated]). The descriptions of the flowers, trifid style, and trigonous achene character states followed Radford et al. (1974). (Goetghebeur 1998). In Brazil, there are The vegetation was classified according registered about 100 species, which are found to IDEMA (2007) (Figure 1), in which the in varied habitats and vegetation types (Alves following types are recognized: Forests et al. 2014). (Evergreen, Semideciduous, Deciduous, In the South Region of Brazil, Cyperus was Riparian with Carnauba, and Floodplain), extensively studied: Araújo & Longhi-Wagner Secondary Formations (= Capoeiras), Caatingas (1996) dealt with the flora of Cyperus subg. (Hypoxerophilous, Hyperxerophilous, and Anosporum in the state of Rio Grande do Sul; Seridó), Cerrado, Campos (Floodplain, Human- and Hefler & Longhi-Wagner (2012) on Cyperus Impacted, and Secondary), and other formations subg. Cyperus to the South Region. (Sandbanks, Mangroves, Rupicolous Formations, In the Northeast Region, the most complete and Halophilous Formations in Saline Desert). treatment was made by Luceño et al. (1997), which contains identification keys and taxonomic Results and Discussion comments to species of Cyperaceae occurring in It was identified 24 species of Cyperus in the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco (Cyperus the state of Rio Grande do Norte, including a represented by 31 species). Besides that Alves & new species (Cyperus sp. 1), here described, but Martins (2009) included six species of Cyperus that will be properly published elsewhere. This for local flora of Mirandiba (Pernambuco), as new species was found in vegetation of Caatinga well as Costa (2013) with 22 species the state and is morphologically similar to C. alvesii G.C. of Sergipe. Tucker and C. ligularis L, but can be recognized In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Ribeiro by the spikelets, glumes and rachilla internodes. et al. (2014) studied the flora of Cyperaceae In this study, it is included also six new related to the Apodi-Mossoró river, including occurrences for the state of Rio Grande do Norte, 14 species of Cyperus with descriptions and not cited by Alves et al. (2014) and Ribeiro et identification key. The other works that include al. (2014). The occurrence of Cyperus digitatus species of Cyperus occurring in the state are only in the Northeast Region had been previously lists (Almeida Júnior & Zickel 2009; Henry-Silva reported only to the states of Bahia, Maranhão et al. 2010; Oliveira et al. 2013). and Pernambuco (Hefler & Longhi-Wagner 2012; The present work aims to provide a Alves et al. 2014), but analyzis of specimens in taxonomic study of the species of Cyperus the herbaria EAC and UFRN revealed that this occurring in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, species has a wider distribution, which includes northeastern Brazil. It includes, besides the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. comments on the geographical distribution of Araújo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) treated the species and delimitation of taxa, descriptions, C. entrerianus Boeckeler as a variety of C. illustrations, and a key for the identification of luzulae (L.) Rottb. ex Retz. In the present the species. study followed Alves et al. (2014), in which C. Rodriguésia 66(2): 571-597. 2015 Cyperus in Rio Grande do Norte 573 entrerianus and C. luzulae are treated as distinct Pernambuco and Sergipe (Luceño et al. 1997; species. As well as pointed out by Tucker (1994), Hefler & Longhi-Wagner 2012; Costa 2013). allopatric distribution is confirmed for both, as The geographical distribution of C. crassipes is well as morphological differences. Also, while even wider, including the semiarid coast of Rio C. entrerianus was found in the Caatinga and Grande do Norte. According to Martins et al. associated forest formations, C. luzulae was (2008), C. crassipes (under the name C. maritimus found in patches of Cerrado in eastern humid Poir.) bears a combination of morpho-anatomical littoral. and physiological characters which provide Some species are widely distributed resistance to xeric and saline environments. On throughout the distinct vegetation formations the other hand, the geographical distribution of the Rio Grande do Norte State and were of C. hermaphroditus
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