FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY STUDY PROGRAMME: GEODESY (code) 653H14003
INESĖ KUBILI ŪTĖ
UPDATED MATERIALS OF THE SUBJECT BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS FOR THE PROJECT “ENHANCEMENT AND STRENGTHENING OF INTERNATIONALITY OF PROGRAMMES OF ENGINEERING STUDY FIELD OF THE FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISE KAUNO KOLEGIJA BY PROGRAMME ADAPTATION FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS” (VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-045)
Mastai čiai 2012 Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
Study Programme of a Subject
BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
1. Annotation: The Subject is aimed at students seeking to gain rudiment and professional abilities in the sphere of basics of construction and utilities – underground communications. Students will be familiarized with the Law on Construction, Construction Technical Regulations, and regulating institutions. The Subject provides description of construction materials and their properties, their applicability; analyses building components, their elements; considers various types of communications, purposes, relevance, functions, technical documentation, regulating design and installation aspects.
2. Workload in credits and hours:
Structure
Practical Self-study Credits Lectures, Consultations Total: Assessmen tasks, assignments hours hours hours t Study hours hours subject
1. Basics of Construction and 5 10 48 2 73 133 Cumulative Underground grade Communications 1.1 Basics of 3 5 28 1 44 Construction
1.2 Underground 2 5 20 1 29 Communications
3. Requirements (compulsory subjects of studies prior the enrolment): Engineering graphics, basics of geodesy, topography, information technologies.
4. Relations between the study programme outcomes, envisaged study subject outcomes and student achievements assessment methods Methods of Students’ Study Programme Anticipated outcomes of study Study Methods Achievement Outcomes subject Assessment Presentation of information Oral assessment method: 1. To recognize and name while describing and individual oral Application of geodesic building components, their illustrating (PowerPoint consultation. methods to investigation elements. program) with the help of Written assessment of construction sites and . exact examples, method: written interim utilities and to drafting summarizing; assessments.
quizzes Examination. Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
Presentation of information Oral assessment method: while describing and oral defence of practical 2. Be able to interpret technical illustrating (PowerPoint work. drawings, correlate terms used in program) with the help of Written interim construction and examples, and be exact examples; assessments. able to carry out measurement of Consideration of practical Examination. construction areas. examples, formation of . particular skills in the course of execution of practical assignments. Formation of particular Defence and assessment skills in the course of of practical works. 3. Be able to name construction execution of practical Written interim materials, know their properties, assignments and provision assessments. applicability. of a feedback in regard to Presentation of self- performed work. Self- study results. study. Examination. 4. To know different types of Provision of information in Oral assessment underground communications; the form of explanation methods: quiz. name and apply requirements and illustration with the Presentation of self- established for system design. Be help of exact examples; study results. able to interpret technical Information search and drawings, know peculiarities of analysis. Self-study. utilities operation and main differences.
5. Study Plan:
Hours Total Hours for No Main Topics Practical Self-study, hours Lectures Consultations Study field Tasks subjects 1 Legal basis of 1 10 - - 11 construction activities 2 Building and 2 16 - - 18 construction structures. Structural elements of buildings. Cadastral register of constructions. 3 Construction materials. 1 - - - 1
4 Relevance of external 1 8 - - 9 engineering communications for the city landscaping. Classification of underground communications. 5 Filed water supply 1 - - - 1 systems and diagrams. Types of underground water receivers. Bores and their structures . Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
7. Field drain systems and 1 14 2 - 17 diagrams. Classification of sewages. Pipes and equipment for sewage networks. Water treatment facilities. 8 Centralized and local 1 - - - 1 heat supply. Heat supply networks and components. 9 Gas transmission 1 - - - 1 pipelines. Combustible gas. Network layouts. 9 Urban electrical 1 - - 1 networks. Lighting of urban territories. 10 Studies of theoretical topics in the course of preparation for interim assessments (in - - - 37 37 accordance with Subject Topics), completion of practical works. 11 Self-study. Study of subject related literature: analysis and summarization of - - - 36 36 gathered data, graphical interpretation and comparison. 10 48 2 73 133
6.1. Practical ( and / or laboratory) assignment topics: 6.1.1. Concepts and descriptions used in construction. 6.1.2. Calculation of the scope of ground works. 6.1.3. Design of a staircase of residential building: 6.1.4. Processing of gathered cadastral data 6.1.5. Procedures for formalization of property rights in newly constructed residential building and related facilities. 6.1.6. Utilities on topographic image. 6.1.7. Axial section of the utility. Inventory file of a well.
7. Assessment of Study Subject’s outcomes: individual accumulative index (IKI): Knowledge and abilities are assessed applying ten-point criteria scale and system of individual accumulative index (IKI). IKI = 50%E + 20%T + 10%S + 20% P here, E – examination, T – interim assessment , S – individual work, P - practical tasks
8. Assessment criteria of study outcomes Grade and short description of abilities Detailed description of knowledge and understanding Detailed description of abilities Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
10 (excellent) Excellent, exceptional comprehensive knowledge and their Excellently applies theoretical Excellent, exceptional application while resolving complicated practical problems in knowledge to execution of comprehensive knowledge regard to basics of construction and underground communications, practical works in basics of and abilities while providing appropriate justification of theoretical knowledge. construction and underground Independently studied additional material in regard to basics of communications. construction and underground communications. Indefectible, exceptional quality Understands and uses concepts of basics of construction and of execution. underground communications excellently, is able to analyse them Excellent skills of expression and in a wider context of the subject. Excellent analytical and presentation. evaluation skills while providing the reports to the topics of basics Excellent understanding of of construction and underground communications. Excellent performed actions and their preparation for further studies. purposes.
All study objectives have been achieved 9 (very well) Excellent, exceptional comprehensive knowledge and their Applies theoretical knowledge to Sound, good application while resolving complicated practical problems in execution of practical works in knowledge regard to basics of construction and underground communications. basics of construction and and abilities Independently studied additional material. underground communications Excellently understands studied material, properly uses concepts. programme very well. Thinks originally and independently. Very good quality of execution. Very good analytical, assessment and synthesis skills. Very good skills of expression Very good preparation for further studies. and presentation. Student understands which methods and techniques he applies and why. More than 90 per cent of study objectives have been achieved 8 (well) Better than average knowledge and its application while resolving Properly applies knowledge. Better than average practical problems in regard to basics of construction and Correctly fulfils tasks of average knowledge and abilities underground communications. complexity and more difficult Familiarised himself with compulsory material in regard to basics individual tasks. of construction and underground communications. Good quality of execution. Is able to work independently with additional material. Good skills of expression and Understands concepts and principles, properly applies them. presentation. Provides good arguments and substantiates arguments with facts. Student understands which Good preparation for further studies. methods and techniques he applies. More than 80 per cent of study objectives have been achieved 7 (average) Average knowledge, there are minor mistakes. Knowledge is applied based on Average knowledge and Applies knowledge to resolve practical problems. provided examples. abilities, there are minor Familiarised himself with the main material in regard to basics of Good quality of execution. mistakes construction and underground communications. Correctly fulfils tasks of average Understands and uses concepts and principles. complexity. Several essential parts are linked into entirety. Is able to argument Sufficient skills of expression and sufficiently well. Sufficient preparation for further studies. presentation. More than 70 per cent of study objectives have been achieved 6 (satisfactory) Lower than average knowledge, there are mistakes. Knowledge is applied based on Knowledge and abilities Applies knowledge to resolve not complicated practical problems. provided examples. (skills) are lower than Familiarised himself with the main material in regard to basics of Satisfactory quality of execution. average, there are construction and underground communications. Correctly fulfils easy tasks but mistakes Satisfactory understands concepts, is able to describe received does not understand more difficult information in his own words. tasks. While analysing concentrates to several aspects, but is not able to Satisfactory skills of expression link them. Satisfactory preparation for further studies. and presentation. More than 60 per cent of study objectives have been achieved 5 (poor) Knowledge satisfies minimal requirements. Minimal sufficient abilities to Knowledge and abilities Applies knowledge to resolve uncomplicated practical problems. resolve problems based on (skills) satisfy minimal Simple naming of learnt concepts of basics of construction and examples on provided examples. requirements underground communications, retelling of the text. The answer is Satisfactory skills of expression Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
concentrated to one aspect. Minimal preparation for further studies. and presentation.
More than 50 per cent of study objectives have been achieved 4 Unsatisfactory Knowledge does not satisfy minimal requirements. Abilities do not satisfy minimal 3 Minimal requirements. 2 requirements are 1 not satisfied Less than half of study objectives have been achieved
9. Attendance: Attendance to practicals is compulsory.
10. Required material resources and their description: • Class, whiteboard, and other writing materials, demonstration equipment, personal computers for task execution and preparation for self-study. Software Autocad. Methodological material for execution of theoretical, practical and self-study assignments.
• Literature and other sources of information: Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno Publication place, In other No number of information source kolegija In rooms date publishing libraries (publication) library office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos www.am.lt √ √ įstatymas 2 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas √ √ √ Česlovas; NESECKAS Algirdas. Vilnius , 2005 Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai; Technika mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 3 VERIANKIEN Ė, Natalija. √ √ √ Statini ų architekt ūra ir 2007 Šiauliai konstrukcijos; mokomoji knyga. ISBN 978-9955-768-02-9 4 2004 MAR ČIUKAITIS, Gediminas. Vilnius , http://leidykl √ √ Pastatai ir konstrukcijos . Technika a.vgtu.lt/doc [Elektroninis išteklius]: mokomoji s/el/SK_vad knyga. ovelis.pdf ISBN 9986057639 5 2000 Statini ų kadastro matavim ų ir Vilnius √ √ √ apskaitos metodika. Aplinkos Rekona apsaugos ministerija. 6 1992 NAKAS Algimantas. Civilini ų Mokslas - √ √ pastat ų konstrukcijos. ISBN 320000008708 Additional information sources 1 2007 NAGROCKIEN Ė Džigita ; Vilnius , √ - √ Žurauskien ė Ramun ė.. Statybin ės Technika medžiagos ir j ų gaminiai ;mokomoji knyga 2 1995 PIKUTIS Rimidijus: Vilnius , - - √ PREIKŠAITIS Michailas . Šiltas Technika namas. Tradicin ės ir naujos mažaaukš čių pastat ų Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
konstrukcijos. ISBN 9986051657 3 2000 VENCKEVI ČIUS, Vytautas; Technologija, - - √ ŽILINSKAS, Romualdas . Kaunas Statini ų rekonstrukcija ir remontas. ISBN 998613871X 4 Organizaciniai tvarkomieji www.am.lt √ √ √ statybos techniniai reglamentai 5 2000 BARKAUSKAS, Vytautas; Technologija, √ √ √ STANKEVI ČIUS, Vytautas. Kaunas Pastat ų atitvar ų šilumin ė fizika ISBN 9986137403 6 2006 VALI ŪNAS, Kazimieras . Technologija, √ - √ Statybin ės grunt ų savyb ės. Kaunas ISBN 9955095814 7 2004 GAJAUSKAS, Julius. Statybos Vilnius , √ √ inžinieriaus žinynas. Technika ISBN 9986056829 8 2009 GAJAUSKAS, Julius. Pastat ų Vilnius , √ √ konstruktoriaus ir statybininko Technika žinynas ISBN 9789955035657 9 Statybos techninis reglamentas √ √ STR 2.07.01:2003. Vandentiekis ir 2003 nuotek ų šalintuvas. Pastato Vilnius inžinerin ės sistemos. Lauko inžineriniai tinklai. 10 LUKIANAS, Antanas; PEKUS, Rymantas; SABAS, Gintautas. Vilnius , 2006 Skys čių mechanika ir √ Technika √ vandentiekis. ISBN 9789986059752 11 BURINSKIEN Ė Marija; JAKOVLEVAS-MATECKIS Vilnius , √ 2003 K.,ADOMAVI ČIUS V....[ et al ]. Technika √ Miestotvarka. ISBN 9986056144 12 GURSKIS, Vincas. Statybin ės Kaunas, 2008 medžiagos; mokomoji knyga. √ Ardiva √ ISBN 978-9955-896-24-1 Quaschning V. Understanding London, 13 2004 renewable energy systems. Earthscan √ √ ISBN 978-1-84407-128-9* 14 Berge, B. The Ecology of Building 2009 Materials. Secod edition. √ √ ISBN: 978-1856175371.* 15 WILLIAM H.KEMP. The renewable energy handbook: the √ updated comprehensive quide to 2009 Aztext Press renewable energy and √ independent living. ISBN 978-0- 9810132-1-3* 16 L.J. GIBSON, M.F.ASHBY. Cambridge Cellular Solids:Structure and 1999 University √ Properties. ISBN √ Press 9780521499118* 17 J.PARASONIS . Statini ų VGTU 2009 konstrukcij ų projektavimo leidykla √ √ pagrindai. ISBN 9789955283171 Technika Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy
18 F. D. K. CHING. Building 2008 Construction Illustrated. ISBN √ √ 978-0470087817* Periodical publications Nauja statyba : [žurnalas] Vilnius , √ - √ ISSN 1648-4274 Leidybos praktika Statyk! : praktinis b ūsto vadova s : √ - √ [žurnalas].ISSN 1648-4150 Internet sources of information www.am.lt www.le.lt www.lvta.lt www.dujos.lt
Subject programme developed by: lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Subject Coordinator: lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME: GEODESY (code) 653H14003
INESĖ KUBILI ŪTĖ
METHODOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL WORK No 1 OF THE SUBJECT BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
Mastai čiai 2012
The Aim of the Work and Objectives: study of subject literature, collection and processing of information, formation of summarizing, analysis, and drawing conclusions skills; subjective and creative drafting and presentation of an article. The Main Tasks of Individual Work: - To decide on a topic provided in a list - To use provided literature as the basis for topic development - To seek information in various information sources - To perform research, analysis, to draw conclusions - To present the article to the audience Extent of the Article - 5 pages. Slides (PowerPoint) for presentation – 10 slides. Time for Presentation 10 minutes.
Hours devoted to the Individual Work: 26 hours
Anticipated Outcomes: detailed consideration of the topic, provision of data in a form of text and illustrations; research, analysis, drawing of conclusions. Presentation, public speaking. Use of professional concepts, precise technical terms.
RECOMMENDED TOPICS: Basics of construction (building structures, construction materials, products, raw materials, activities of construction organisations, etc.), see Annex 1. Underground communications (utilities, technologies, facilities, specific factor of operating enterprises, etc.), see Annex 2.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE ARTICLE: - Title of the Article; - Name and Surname of the Author, Represented Institution; - Annotation (not less than 200 – 300 printed characters); - Key Words (3-5); - Introduction (including main problem and relevancy of the article); - Research Object; - Aim of the Research, - Tasks of the Research; - Research Methods (analysis of literature, analysis and summarizing of gathered data, graphical representation and comparison); - Theoretical Justification of the Research; - Results of the Research and their Analysis; - Conclusions; - Information Sources.
PROGRESS OF WORK: Analysis and development of the article selected from the list of provided literature sources related to the particular topic in the course of research. PRESENTATION OF THE WORK (see Annex 4 “Example of the Article”).
Text editor Microsoft Word program; font Times New Roman (Baltic). Matter shall be formalized on an A4 page in one column, line spacing – single, with the following headings: upper –1.5 cm, lower – 1.5 cm, left – 2.0 cm, right – 1.0 cm. Page numbering – centred, at the bottom. The following sizes and styles shall be applied to the provided material: Title of the Article (Times New Roman, 14 pt, Bold, Center, CAPS LOCK) Name Surname (Times New Roman, 12 pt, Bold, Center, Italics) Organisation (Times New Roman, 10 pt, Center, Italics) Annotation (Times New Roman, 9 pt, Bold). Text of Annotation – not less than 300 printed characters. (Times New Roman, 9 pt, Italics) Key Words: (Times New Roman, 9 pt , Bold). Words (4-5) shall be written using Times New Roman, 9 pt,). Main Text Text shall be taped using Times New Roman, 12 pt. Table and Diagrams shall be numbered and shall have names (Times New Roman, 9 pt, Bold):
Table 1. Difference of measured heights. Text in the Table or on the Drawing - Times New Roman, 9 pt. Titles of images shall be taped under the image applying the font 9pt. Images shall be numbered as follows: Fig. 1. GPS receivers Literature (9 pt,) shall be arranged in alphabetical order, numbering shall be provided in square brackets [3]. Example: [1]. JUCEVI ČIEN Ė, P. Lyginamoji edukologija. Kaunas: Technologija. 2000. p.53-65. Quotation – reference to the literature source and page number - in square brackets [1,57].
LITERATURE AND OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES: Kitose Eil. Leidim Informacijos šaltinio (leidinio) autorius ir Išleidimo vieta, Kauno kolegijos Kabinet bibliot Nr. o metai pavadinimas ir identifikavimo numeris leidykla bibliotekoje uose ekose ( tick the source ) Main Information Sources 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos įstatymas www.am.lt √ √ 2 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas Česlovas; √ √ √ NESECKAS Algirdas. Požeminiai inžineriniai 2005 Vilnius , Technika tinklai; mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 3 VERIANKIEN Ė, Natalija. Statini ų √ √ √ 2007 architekt ūra ir konstrukcijos; mokomoji Šiauliai knyga. ISBN 978-9955-768-02-9 4 2004 MAR ČIUKAITIS, Gediminas. Pastatai ir Vilnius , Technika http://leidykla.v √ √ konstrukcijos . [Elektroninis išteklius]: gtu.lt/docs/el/S mokomoji knyga. K_vadovelis.pdf ISBN 9986057639 5 2000 Statini ų kadastro matavim ų ir apskaitos Vilnius √ √ √ metodika. Aplinkos apsaugos ministerija. Rekona 6 1992 NAKAS Algimantas. Civilini ų pastat ų Mokslas - √ √ konstrukcijos. ISBN 320000008708 Additional Information Sources 1 2007 NAGROCKIEN Ė Džigita ; Žurauskien ė Vilnius , Technika √ - √ Ramun ė.. Statybin ės medžiagos ir j ų gaminiai ;mokomoji knyga 2 1995 PIKUTIS Rimidijus: PREIKŠAITIS Vilnius , Technika - - √ Michailas . Šiltas namas. Tradicin ės ir naujos mažaaukš čių pastat ų konstrukcijos. ISBN 9986051657 3 2000 VENCKEVI ČIUS, Vytautas; ŽILINSKAS, Technologija, - - √ Romualdas . Statini ų rekonstrukcija ir Kaunas remontas. ISBN 998613871X 4 Organizaciniai tvarkomieji statybos techniniai www.am.lt √ √ √ reglamentai 5 2000 BARKAUSKAS, Vytautas; Technologija, √ √ √ STANKEVI ČIUS, Vytautas. Pastat ų atitvar ų Kaunas šilumin ė fizika ISBN 9986137403 6 2006 VALI ŪNAS, Kazimieras . Statybin ės grunt ų Technologija, √ - √ savyb ės. Kaunas ISBN 9955095814 7 2004 GAJAUSKAS, Julius. Statybos inžinieriaus Vilnius , Technika √ √ žinynas. ISBN 9986056829 8 2009 GAJAUSKAS, Julius. Pastat ų konstruktoriaus Vilnius , Technika √ √ ir statybininko žinynas ISBN 9789955035657 9 Statybos techninis reglamentas STR √ √ 2.07.01:2003. Vandentiekis ir nuotek ų 2003 Vilnius šalintuvas. Pastato inžinerin ės sistemos. Lauko inžineriniai tinklai. 10 LUKIANAS, Antanas; PEKUS, Rymantas; SABAS, Gintautas. Skysčių mechanika ir 2006 Vilnius , Technika √ vandentiekis. √ ISBN 9789986059752 11 BURINSKIEN Ė Marija; JAKOVLEVAS- MATECKIS K.,ADOMAVI ČIUS V....[ et al √ 2003 Vilnius , Technika √ ]. Miestotvarka. ISBN 9986056144 12 GURSKIS, Vincas. Statybin ės medžiagos; Kaunas, 2008 √ mokomoji knyga. ISBN 978-9955-896-24-1 Ardiva √
Quaschning V. Understanding renewable London, 13 2004 √ √ energy systems. ISBN 978-1-84407-128-9 Earthscan
14 Berge, B. The Ecology of Building Materials. 2009 Secod edition. √ √ ISBN: 978-1856175371. Periodical publications Nauja statyba : [žurnalas] Vilnius , Leidybos √ - √ ISSN 1648-4274 praktika Statyk! : praktinis b ūsto vadova s : √ - √ [žurnalas].ISSN 1648-4150 Internet sources of information www.am.lt www.le.lt www.lvta.lt www.dujos.lt ASSESSMENT OF WORK: Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Knowledge and abilities are assessed applying ten-point criteria scale and system of individual accumulative index (IKI). IKI = 50%E + 20%T + 10%S + 20% P here, E – examination, T – interim assessment, S – individual work, P – practical tasks Test Questions: Test questions are asked by the lecturer and students after the presentation of the article.
Developed lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė ANNEXES Annex 1 THE LIST OF TOPICS TO BE USED AS A BASIS FOR THE ARTICLE Cycle of Lectures “Basics of Construction“ Publication, No Student’s No Article Internet access surname 1 Ceramic tiles – ageless classics Statyk .2012 m. Nr.6 (86) 2 Mineral wool: how to decide on? Statyk .2012 m. Nr.6 (86) Comfort enhanced by each 3 Statyba ir architekt ūra.2012/02 isolated decibel Award winners of the construction and construction 4 materials group and their products Select Internet Access “Lithuanian product of the year – 2011” Natural and durable wood – Statyk .2011 m. Nr.8 (80) 5 mission is possible Metal roof coatings and their Nauja statyba.2005 m. Nr.2 (16) 6 types Clay tile – how to decide on the Statyk .2010 m. Nr.5 (70) 7 quality one? Silicate – firm and time-honoured Nauja statyba.2005 m. Nr.2 (16) 8 material The first passive house in Statyk .2008 m. Nr.9 (57) 9 Lithuania. Tightness the essential Statyk .2009 m. Nr.1-2 (61) property of passive houses Line of roof coatings in terms of 10 Statyk .2009 m. Nr.5 (64) prices, appearance and age Reinforced concrete products and their application. (Provide and 11 Pasirinkti prieig ą per internet ą compare products of 3 Lithuanian manufacturers) How to build in order not to pay Statyk .2012 m. Nr.5 (85) 12 for heating Selection of bricks – headache 13 Statyk .2012 m. Nr.5 (85) prior the decision Warm foundation – protection Statyba ir architekt ūra.2011 m. 14 against cold. Waterproofing Nr.2 material for every occasion Statyk .2009 m. Nr.3 (62) 15 Stone legs, straw waist Statyk .2007 m. Nr.9 (47) Sound insulation of internal 16 Statyk .2005 m. Nr.9 (28) partitions 17 Planted roof a sign of uniqueness Nauja statyba.2008m. Nr.3 (29) Sound way to drain basement. 18 Greedy people pay for Statyk .2011 m. Nr.8 (80) waterproofing materials twice Environment-friendly and cost- efficient Statyk .2012 m. Nr.3 (83) 19 Ecological Construction and Nauja statyba.2008m. Nr.3 (29) healthy indoor climate 50 years anniversary of 20 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.8 (80) Lithuanian shingle Aplinka.2011 m.lapkritis – gruodis 21 Glass Nr.8
Construction composition Pastat ų konstruktoriaus ir 22 materials made from renewable statybininko žinynas.Kaunas: resources Naujasis lankas,2009,psl.285-306 Silicate blocks. Aerated concrete Pastat ų konstruktoriaus ir blocks. Conventional bricks. statybininko žinynas.Kaunas: 23 Naujasis lankas,2009,psl.670-695 Traditional building blocks Statyk .2011 m. Nr.4 (76) Pastat ų konstruktoriaus ir Asbestos – banned material in statybininko žinynas.Kaunas: 24 Lithuania. Substitutes. Asbestos Naujasis lankas,2009,psl.1144- in construction 1146 Eco-house – fragile and remote 25 Statyk .2010 m. Nr.5 (70) like a mirage 26 Warm and dry feet – healthy body Statyk .2011 m. Nr.1 (74) Happiness caused by eco-house 27 Statyk .2012 m. Nr.5 (85) construction Foam – flexible thermal insulating 28 Statyba ir architekt ūra.2012/02 material 29 Roof – not only the sheets Statyk .2012 m. Nr.3 (83) Construction of a dream house 30 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.4 (76) and finances “Rikers Latvija” special tiles that 31 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.4 (76) gladden Lithuanian people Heat insulation of framework www.statyk.eu 32 structures 2012-05-12 Monolithic strip concrete www.statyk.eu 33 foundation: aspects that should be 2012-04-10 noted 34 Straw fur Statyk .2009 m. Nr.6 (65) Some things about concrete and 35 Nauja statyba.2007m. Nr.2 (24) small plastic moulds
THE LIST OF TOPICS TO BE USED AS A BASIS FOR THE ARTICLE Cycle of Lectures “Underground Communications” Annex 2
Publication, No No Article Student’s surname Internet access Water – vital source, having more 1 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.4 (76) than we can use Lithuanian geothermal experience 2 or how do the Europeans heat Statyk .2012 m. Nr.3 (83) their houses? 3 Sun for hot water and electricity Statyk .2011 m. Nr.4 (76) Electricity: or do we need so 4 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.8 (80) much? http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ Water extraction wells at public LVTA_37_3.pdf 5 water supply pools http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ LVTA_36.pdf http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ 6 Usual and mysterious water LVTA_36.pdf Contaminated domestic water 7 Statyk .2009 m. Nr.3 (62) could cost you your life 8 Do not ignore the drainage Statyk .2008 m. Nr.3 (52) Treatment facilities for domestic http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ 9 sewage sludge LVTA_37_3.pdf Pollution of the environment by http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ 10 untreated sewages. Problem and LVTA_37_3.pdf remedies Development of water supply and http://www.lvta.lt/sites/default/files/ 11 sewage treatment infrastructure LVTA_37_3.pdf Protection of underground 12 Prieiga per internet ą communications against corrosion Centralized heat supply – multi- http://www.lsta.lt/files/Leidiniai/ 13 fuel system LSTA_10metu_lietuviskai.pdf Cogeneration facilities in http://www.lsta.lt/files/Leidiniai/ 14 Lithuania. Generation of heat and electric energy LSTA_10metu_lietuviskai.pdf Water supply and sewage 15 networks – will of citizens and Statyk .2010 m. Nr.6 (71) worry of municipalities Heat economy problems and 16 Statyk .2012 m. Nr.6 (86) remedies The heat in the face of energy 17 Statyk .2008 m. Nr.9 (57) hunger Renewable heat sources – pro and Nauja statyba.2008m. Nr.3 (29) 18 contra. Heat pumps Statyk .2008 m. Nr.3 (52) Heat for electricity generation: Aplinka.2012 m. sausis-vasaris 19 what the sun matches here? Nr.9 House heating – the major 20 Statyk .2011 m. Nr.1 (74) consumer of energy 21 Sewage monitoring wells Statyk .2008 m. Nr.10 (58) Water supply systems of Šiauliai 22 Prieiga per internet ą and Klaip ėda. Factors and comparison “Aukštaitijos vandenys” and 23 “Dz ūkijos vandenys”. Factors and Prieiga per internet ą comparison Soil recuperation: more functions 24 Statyk .2012 m. Nr.3 (83) without experience Collection and treatment of 25 Prieiga per internet ą Kaunas city sewage Aplinka.2011 m. kovas - balandis Nr.4 Wind turbines for Lithuania in Aplinka.2012 m. kovas - balandis XXI. 26 Nr.10 Wind will be caught up in water
Aplinka.2012 m. kovas - balandis Vertical axis wind turbines – 27 Nr.10 stylish ecology
Aplinka.2011 m. lapkritis - gruodis Urban light: between present and 28 Nr.8 future
BOGDEVI ČIUS, Marijonas. Gas transmission pipeline. Vamzdyn ų technologiniai įrenginiai; 29 Composition of process pipeline mokomoji knyga. Vilnius:Technika,2012. Gas supply networks in Lithuania 30 Prieiga per internet ą in 2011
Annex 3 Title page
Times New Roman 14 pt FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING Times New Roman 12 pt GEODESY DEPARTMENT
Times New Roman 14 pt NAME SURNAME
Student of II semester full-time studies in geodesy Times New Roman 12 pt
Times New Roman 1 8 pt Bold RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND SUN ENERGY USAGE
Article of the Basics of Construction and Underground Communications Study Subject Times New Roman 14 pt
Times New Roman 12 pt Supervisor lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Times New Roman 12 pt Mastai čiai 2012 Annex 4 Example of an Article
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND SUN ENERGY USAGE Tadas Majauskas Kauno kolegija, Faculty of landscaping, Mokslo Strreet 2,Mastai čiai, 53313 Kauno r. Supervisor of the work lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Annotation Usage of renewable energy sources and efficient energy consumption are the main steps towards energy saving and environment preservation. The Law on Renewable Energy Sources of the Republic of Lithuania as of April 19, 2011 highlights the promotion of electric energy, heat energy, and fuel production using renewable energy sources. The greatest advantage of sun energy usage is its ubiquitous presence, mobility of equipment – without tight connection between the facility and stationary mechanism.
Key words: renewable energy sources, solar panels. Introduction
Increasing worldwide energy consumption has caused growing interest in alternative energy sources and appropriate equipment to be used in order to generate it. During the exhibition ISH-2011 which took place on March 15-19, 2011 in Frankfurt am Main the every second stand has been related to renewable energy sources . Solar energy has the greatest potential among the renewable energy sources. Quantity of the energy which could be reached in 40 minutes on the earth is equal to the quantity of the energy consumed per annum worldwide. Object of the Research - renewable energy sources in Lithuania. Objective of the Research – to investigate the necessity and opportunities of solar energy utilization. Tasks of the Research – to analyse quantities of energy consumed in Lithuania, application of solar turbines and future prospects. Research methods – literature analysis, analysis and generalization of formed databases, graphic presentation and comparison.
Theoretical justification of the Topic
Energy of renewable resources is the energy of renewable non-fossil resources such as wind, sun energy, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal resources and ocean energy, hydroenergy, biomass, biogas, including gas produced by waste disposal sites and sewage treatment facilities, and other renewable non- fossil resources which could be technologically used for energy production now or in future. Draft Law on the renewable energy sources has been approved on April 19, 2011.
The main objective of the 25 23 22,2 Law is to ensure that the part of 20,9 21,4 20,3 renewable energy sources, in 19,6 20 19,3 18,3 18,5 18,8 comparison with the general 17,6 final energy consumption of the state, in 2020 reaches at least 15 23 per cents and to maintain its
Proc. growth applying modern and 10 efficient renewable energy utilization technologies [6] . Today 95 per cents of 5 electric energy required by Lithuania is generated from gas 0 or imported directly from 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Russia. 77 per cents of Metai centralized heat is generated
from gas as well. Russia sells 100 per cents of gas and 61 per cent of electric energy [5] .
Fig 1. Share of Lithuanian renewable energy sources among the overall energy consumption Which measures shall be applied in order to minimize this energy dependence? Analytically, all power engineering could be transferred to local resources; still, it would be extremely expensive for consumers and, respectively, irrational. It would be rational to strain after the reliability of initial resource supply, variety, competence, etc., to evaluate the demand, foresee world processes and to draft Lithuanian energy strategy establishing the least costs of resources. Archimedes has established the simplest way of sun energy utilization, namely, redirection of light spots with the help of mirrors in order to burn enemy ships. Sun Energy Utilization
Direct Indirect
Wind Energy Passive Water Energy Active Biomass Energy Ebb and Float Energy Sun Architecture Geothermal Energy Transparent wall coatings
Heat Energy Electric Energy
Solar panels Absorbers Photocells
Fig. 2. Sun Energy Utilization
Solar energy is broadly used for the following purposes: calculating machines, orbiters, orbital stations, new-generation vehicles, bicycles, power plants, buildings. Additional utilization ways are also discovered: solar stoves for cooking; maintenance of boiler temperature; water softening; fodder and foodstuff drying; generation of electricity; heating of water and buildings. There are several methods to be applied for indoors utilization of renewable energy sources: passive utilization – direct usage of heat or wind energy due to physical processes, and active – usage of specialized equipment for generation of heat or electric energy out of sun, wind, biomass, geothermal energy. Global rate of solar photocell and collecting plate installation considerably exceeds the installation rate of other renewable energy sources. These differences are preconditioned by the development of decentralized power engineering, usability and operability of solar energy generating equipment in spite of relatively high initial costs. How much solar energy do we have in Lithuania, if the total area of the country reaches 65 200 km 2? One square meter of horizontal surface in different Lithuania’s regions annually gets from 926 kWh/m 2 (Biržai) up to 1042 kWh/m 2 (Nida) of solar energy. In the mean this type of energy in Lithuania annually forms ~1000 kWh/m 2. More than 80 % of the energy are generated during the six month period (prom April to September). Sun brightness in Lithuania ranges from 1600 hours up to 1950 hours per year. The overall quantity of sun energy received by the ground surface per year is equal to 65 millions of GWh. This value exceeds Lithuanian demand for energy 600 times as much. The first sun trap was invented by Swiss physicist H. Sosiure in 1770, since then the trap has been modified for dozens of times and today is known as a solar panel. Solar panel transforms sun energy into heat, which is transferred to a heating system by a heat carrier (air, water or other liquid). Solar panel is a facility used for collection of solar energy dissimilated by the visible light and infrared rays. There are several types of solar panels:
• Plane; • Focused. • Vacuum; • Film
Plane collectors are predominant facilities due to insignificantly lower price and operation period; still they are not protected from heat leakage. Plane collector includes transparent film, heat insulation, heat absorbing material and a case. Activity factor of vacuum collectors exceeds the same factor of plane collectors. Operating temperature of vacuum collector reaches 200 °C. Vacuum technology minimizes heat losses due to utilization of convection and thermal conductivity. The key feature of the vacuum collector is a tube, intended for heat carrier circulation inside the collector, which is placed in vacuum. Focused collectors differ from other collectors exteriorly, still they operation principle are almost the same. Focused collectors look like curved channel with the internal side coated with reflecting material. Such form ensures the appropriate reflection and concentration of all sun rays on the point located inside the concentrator. Solar energy concentration point is equipped with heat absorbing tube filled with water. The tube is used for water heating. Film collectors are the newest invention which has been used by rural economy for drying of various products . They pay off in 1-2 years, whereas other collectors in 6-7 years. They are inconvenient for installation and storage, moreover the film is nondurable. This type of collectors could be used by small farmers. Lithuania has approximately 150 km 2 of roofs which could be used for installation of solar turbines; in this case the overall energy capacity of these facilities will be equal to the capacity of all Lithuanian power plants. Solar collectors installed at buildings could be used for water heating, for room heating or for both mentioned purposes [2].
Fig. 3. Hot water preparation system: 1) solar collector; 2) volume water tank; 3) additional heater; 4) pump; 6) shower
Results The highest energy consumption in independent Lithuania has been noticed in 2008. According to the Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) the end energy consumers in Lithuania in 2008 consumed 57 terawatt- hours of energy (1TWh=10 12 Wh). The greatest annual quantity of energy has been consumed by heat energy producers – about 26 TWh or 46 % of total energy consumed in Lithuania. In order to meet the above requirement, centralized heat supply system (CHSS) has produced 10 TWh, and remain amount (about 16 TWh) has been produced by fuel combustion (decentralized fuel consumption). 57,02 TW h 60
50
40
26,49 30 21,49 16,45 20 10,93 10,04 9,05 10
0 HeatŠilumin energyės ProducedPagaminta by DecentralizedDecentralizuotas fuel ElektrosElectric energijos energy GamtinNaturalės dujos gas for TransportasVehicles Total Viso Lietuvojein Lithuania energijosproduction gamyba centralizuotaicentralized kuroconsumption naudojimas consumptionsuvartojimas kitiemsother tikslams purposes systems
Fig. 4. Energy consumption in Lithuania in 2008 In the first half of 2010 Department of Statistics has performed the analysis of household consumers, showing that in 2009 household economies consumed approximately the third part (more than 31 per cents) of the overall final energy of Lithuania. Statistical data has been gathered in the course of examination of 5795 household consumers.
% 90 81 80
70
60
50
40
30 21 20
10 7
0 HeatingŠildymas ir and karšto hot vandens water IlluminationApšvietimas ir elektros and MaistoCooking ruošimas preparationruošimas electricalprietaisai equipment
Fig. 5. Distribution of energy consumption in Lithuanian household economies
81 per cents of energy has been consumed by household consumers for heating and hot water preparation, approximately 12 per cents for illumination and electrical equipment, and more than 7 per cents for cooking.
kWh 20000 18360 18000
16000
14000
12000 10650 10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0 IndividualiuosePrivate houses namuose Multicompartment Daugiabu čiuose namuosebuildings
Fig. 6. Energy consumption in Lithuanian household economies in 2009
Multicompartment buildings had consumed 40 per cents of energy less than private houses. Average amount of energy consumed by a single dwelling in 2009 reached 13590 kWh. Table 1 shows the obvious increase in consumption of energy generated by renewable sources.
Table 1. Consumption of energy generated by renewable sources Type of Energy (GWh) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Wind energy 1.2 1.8 13.7 106.1 131.1 157.7 Heat energy 13764.7 13861.2 14521.7 136551 12863.3 13147.8 Hydro energy 420.5 450.7 397.1 420.6 401.9 424.3 Geothermal energy 16.9 16.9 9.7 9.0 3.8 29.7
Solar turbines to be used for produced energy transfer to networks are still in projection. Lithuania has currently established a 1.63 Lt rate of produced solar energy which is quite favourably for procurement and all the investments could be paid off in 9-12 years. Independent solar (photo) power plants are installed exceptionally for individual use. There is a house in Kaunas, which consumes local energy (energy generated at the household territory) and transfers the remaining part of energy to the neighbour house. Usable floor space – 140 m 2, number of occupants – four people. Water is heated by solar collector of 4 m 2 (300 l accumulation tank, maintained water temperature is 40– 50 ºC) and a heat pump. 200 m of pipes are laid at 1.5 m depth. The house is equipped with air heat pump used for space cooling, and biofuel boiler used in case of extremely low outdoors temperature (-20 oC). Electric energy is generated by solar turbine of 3 kW capacity and wind turbines of 2.5–3.0 kW. They produce about 400 kWh per month, which is enough to satisfy the requirements. Solar photocell operating experience has shown the insufficient quantity of energy produced in December and January. Special wind turbine is used in order to compensate the insufficiency. Total value of a micro power plant is about 150 000 Lt (price for wind turbine is 30 000 Lt). The abovementioned house is still being connected to electric networks (electricity is used if the three-phase input is needed, for example for welding).
Conclusions
1. The overall quantity of sun energy received by the ground surface per year is equal to 65 millions of GWh. This value exceeds Lithuanian demand for energy 600 times as much. Considering the aforesaid, it could be stated that Lithuania has formed sufficiently favourable conditions for generation of solar heat energy. 2. Enacted Law on Renewable Energy Sources of the Republic of Lithuania highlights the outlook to reach European Union factor in 2020 and to generate at least the fourth part of energy using renewable sources. Still, installation of solar collectors and turbines requires the substantial investment. 3. In summer solar collectors could be used for production of 100 per cents of hot water required for residential buildings, in spring – about 50 per cents. 4. Considering the consumption rate in Lithuania, the priority shall be given to the generation of heat energy.
Literature [1].Atsinaujinan čių ištekli ų energijos naudojimo prognozi ų dokumentas [ži ūrėta 2011 m. balandžio 20 d.] Prieiga per internet ą:
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION
Summary The uses of renewable energy resources as well as the effective energy use are the main methods of saving the energy and preserving cleaner environment. On the basis of the law on Lithuanian renewable resources energy that was passed on April 19, 2011 the production of electricity, heat energy and fuel using renewable resources will be promoted. One of the biggest advantages of using sun energy is that the sun is everywhere, therefore, the equipment may be mobile, and they do not have to be “wired” to some immobile object. Key words: renewable energy resources, sun collector.
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAMME: GEODESY (code) 653H14003
INES Ė KUBILI ŪTĖ
METHODOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL WORK No 2 SELECTION OF A PUMP FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELL OF THE SUBJECT BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
Mastai čiai 2012 The Aim of the Work and Objectives: be able to select a deep-well pump in accordance with the specified water discharge and height of water .
The Main Tasks of Individual Work: to calculate and select an appropriate drinking water supply pump. Well chart and calculations shall be provided on an A4 page.
Hours devoted to the Individual Work: 10 hours .
Anticipated Outcomes: knowledge of well structure and individual equipment functions. Submission of calculations executed in accordance with provided individual data. Submission of a well chart, answers to test questions. Use of professional concepts, precise technical terms.
THEORETICAL PART
Well (Fig. 1) is a facility used for fresh water extraction from underground water-bearing layers. Water discharge means the quantity of water leaking through the particular stream cross-section per time unit. Discharge shall be equal to the average velocity and cross-sectional area product: Q = ω . v , here ω - cross-section area of flow; v - average flow velocity. Designation of a flow dimension in a SI-system is m3/s, though the flow rate could be designated by other units: cm 3/s, l/s, l/min, m 3/h, m3/day.
Complete Water Supply System
Fig. 1. Well chart:
1 – general view of a well; 2 – filter; 3 – deep-well pump; 4 – adapter (unique bronze structure enabling pump installation without pump house); 5 – well cap; 6 – set of fittings; 7 – hydrophore (pressure vessel installed inside the building); 8 – automatic control and electrical protection unit; 9 – polyethylene pipes; 10 – cable; 11 – wire;
Complete Water Supply System
1. WELL Well is a facility used for fresh water extraction from underground water-bearing layers. Bore of 250-300 mm diameter shall be armored using PVC pipes produced by Danish company Wavin and equipped with 125-140 mm filter. Works shall be executed using specialized western mechanisms and applying modern technologies. It would ensure high quality, durability, and flow rate exceeding flow rates in previously bored walls for 1.5-2 times. Wells have 5 year warranty.
2. FILTER Perforated PVC pipe with mesh coating. Greater flow is ensured by well screen (mesh or profiled are also acceptable). Gravel filling shall be installed between the well wall and the filter.
3. DEBE 4" DEEP-WELL PUMP Is a multifunction centrifugal pump which is directly related to the motors of world's leading global provider FRANKLIN ELECTRIC. There are 64 pumps and motor options 64. Motors: three-phase – 0.37-5,5 kW, single- phase – 0.37-0.75 kW. Water rate - from 4 to 400 l/min. Water height up to 260 m. These motors meet the highest quality requirements of ISO 9001 standard. Motor structure ensures tightness due to winding moulded into the stator. Moulding protects the winding from water contact. Bearings are greased with special non-freezing solution. Motors are durable and corrosion resistant because all components are made from polycarbonate, Delrin plastics, bronze and stainless steel. Maximum external diameter - 96 mm. 4. ADAPTER Unique bronze structure enabling pump installation without pump house, heating system, drainage. Diameter - 25-32- 40-50 mm.
5. WELL CAP Made from duralumin used for protection of the well cavity from restrictions. Convenient for protective pipes of 125- 194 mm.
6. SET OF FITTINGS Bronze fittings with 7 openings for installation of water system operation monitoring and control devices (pressure relay, manometer, back pressure valve, protective valve, etc.).
7. HYDROPHORE Capacity from 80 to 500, of membrane type, ready for effective operation under the preset pressure. Optimum volume of used water is twice as large as the volume of analogous steel hydrophore without membrane. Protected against corrosion applying 5-stage epoxy priming and alkyl carbamate. Membrane made from rubble. Used materials do not impact water flavor. Size of a hydrophore shall be selected in order to ensure pump operation for not shorter than one minute and the number of actuations not higher than 20 times per hour.
8. AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND ELECTRICAL PROTECTION UNIT Controls and protects the engine from electrical power interruptions and other overloads.
9. POLYETHYLENE PIPES For drinking water. 10. CABLE Connected to the engine with special coupler. 11. WIRE Stainless steel SS 2343, diameter - 3 mm.
TASK: To draw the chart of drinking water well in accordance with the provided individual data, calculate and select appropriate deep-well pump. PROGRESS OF WORK: data for the task execution shall be taken from the Table 1. Calculations shall be performed on the basis of provided data (Fig. 3). The pump shall be selected in accordance wit the provided “Curves of deep-well pump technical specifications” (Fig. 2). . Data Matrix Table 1 No A, B, C, Required pressure, Flow rate m m m atm of a well, (1 atm = 10 m.v.st. ) l/min. 1. 100 5 5 5 8 2. 85 10 10 6 9 3. 75 15 5 9 6 4. 60 25 10 12 4 5. 35 5 5 7 25 6. 125 10 10 4 60 7. 65 15 5 8 40 8. 90 25 10 6 120 9. 95 5 5 5 80 10. 85 10 10 2 5 11. 75 15 5 3 50 12. 150 25 10 4 20 13. 175 5 5 3 30 14. 65 10 10 2 60 15. 90 15 5 5 40 16. 35 25 10 7 150 17. 45 5 5 10 50 18. 65 10 10 11 40 19. 125 15 5 5 30 20. 150 25 10 6 20 21. 130 5 5 7 80 22. 125 10 10 9 50 23. 95 15 5 12 40 24. 90 25 10 4 20 25. 100 5 5 3 15 26. 125 10 10 2 20 27. 140 15 5 5 40 28. 155 25 10 8 80 29. 90 5 5 7 10 30. 55 10 10 4 40
Pumps AN Pumps DN Brand Kw Opening Brand Kw Opening
AN8 0.37 G32 DN6 0.75 G50 AN11 0.37 G32 DN9 1.1 G50 AN13 0.37 G32 DN12 1.5 G50 AN17 0.55 G32 DN17 2.2 G50 AN19 0.55 G32 DN21 3.0 G50 AN22 0.75 G32 DN24 3.0 G50 AN24 0.75 G32 DN30 4.0 G50 AN32 1.1 G32 DN37 5.5 G50
Pumps BN Pumps EN Brand Kw Opening Brand Kw Opening
EN6 1.1 G50 EN8 1.5 G50 BN7 0.37 G32 EN12 2.2 G50 BN11 0.55 G32 EN17 3.0 G50 BN15 0.75 G32 EN20 4.0 G50 BN19 1.1 G32 EN24 4.0 G50 BN22 1.1 G32 EN30 5.5 G50
Pumps C Pumps FN Brand Kw Opening Brand Kw Opening
C6 0.37 G32 FN6 1.5 G50 C9 0.55 G32 FN9 2.2 G50 C13 0.75 G32 FN12 3.0 G50 C19 1.1 G32 FN15 4.0 G50 C26 1.5 G32 FN17 4.0 G50 C34 2.2 G32 FN23 5.5 G50
Fig. 2. Curves of deep-well pump technical specifications
A – Depth of the well 75 m B - altitude difference between the ground surface near the house and the well head is 10 m Required pressure inside the water supply system 3Atm = 30m 30 m Total: 75 + 10 + 30 = 115 m C – distance from the bottom of the well to the pump base is 5 m Total: 115 - 5 = 110 m
Flow rate of the well 6 l/min. Draw the horizontal line in the diagram from the point indicating 110 m to the curve. In this case the AN-19 pump shall be used. Fig. 3. Diagram of the well and example of calculations to be done
Test Questions : 1. What does the flow rate mean? What are the measurement units of the flow rate? 2. Name elements of completed water supply system (hydrophore, adapter, etc.) 3. What is the purpose of filter? 4. Which structures of filters could be used inside the drinking water well? 5. Select the appropriate pump in accordance with the indicated flow rate and water height.
EXECUTION OF THE WORK (see Annex 1 “Example of the executed work”. Text editor – Microsoft Word program; font Times New Roman (Baltic) , 12 pt. Matter shall be formalized on an A4 page in one column, line spacing – single, with the following headings: upper –1.5 cm, lower – 1.5 cm, left– 2.0 cm, right – 1.0 cm. ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK: Assessment scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Knowledge and abilities are assessed applying ten-point criteria scale and system of individual accumulative index (IKI). IKI = 50%E + 20%T + 10%S + 20% P here, E – examination, T – interim assessment, S – individual work, P – practical tasks LITERATURE AND OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES: Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno In other Publication place, No number of information source kolegija In rooms librarie date publishing (publication) library s office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas √ √ √ Česlovas; NESECKAS Algirdas. Vilnius , 2005 Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai; Technika mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 Additional information sources 2 * Quaschning V. Understanding London, 2004 renewable energy systems. √ √ Earthscan ISBN 978-1-84407-128-9 3 LUKIANAS, Antanas; PEKUS, Rymantas; SABAS, Gintautas. Vilnius , 2006 Skys čių mechanika ir √ Technika √ vandentiekis. ISBN 9789986059752 4 BURINSKIEN Ė Marija; JAKOVLEVAS-MATECKIS Vilnius , √ 2003 √ K.,ADOMAVI ČIUS V....[ et al ]. Technika Miestotvarka. ISBN 9986056144 Internet sources of information www.am.lt www.lvta.lt * information sources for foreign students ANNEXES Annex 1 Title page
Times New Roman 14 pt FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING Times New Roman 12 pt GEODESY DEPARTMENT
Times New Roman 14 pt NAME SURNAME
Student of II semester full-time studies in geodesy Times New Roman 12 pt
Times New Roman 1 8 pt Bold SELECTION OF A PUMP FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY WELL
Times New Roman 14 pt Individual work No 2 of the Basics of Construction and Underground Communications Study Subject
Times New Roman 12 pt Supervisor lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Times New Roman 12 pt Mastai čiai 2012 Example of the executed work: Data of the task No. xx
No A, B, C, Required pressure, Flow rate m m m atm of a well, (1 atm = 10 m.v.st. ) l/min. xx 75 10 5 3 6
Calculations shall performed in accordance with the provided data and used for the drawing of a well diagram: A - Depth of the well 75 m B - altitude difference between the ground surface near the house and the well head is 10 m
Required pressure inside the water supply system 3Atm = 30m 30 m Total: 75 + 10 + 30 = 115 m C - distance from the bottom of the well to the pump base is 5 m Total: 115 - 5 = 110 m
Fig. xx. Diagram of the well and calculations
Pump AN 19
Brand Kw Opening AN19 0.55 G32
Fig. xxx. Curves of deep-well pump AN technical specifications
Conclusions According to the flow rate of the well which is equal to 6 l/min and required water height of 110 m provided in the diagram, AN-19 pump (Example xxx) with access diameter of 32 mm and capacity of 2.55 kW shall be used. Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Study programme Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
TOPIC: LEGAL BASIS FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS. CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES.
1. Structure of the Topic: the lecture is divided into 2 parts. The first part of the lecture (1.5 ac. hours) is devoted to the consideration of main concepts of the Law on Construction, describing different construction works and engineering works; to the analysis of classification of construction works, to the presentation of visual material. The second part of the lecture (1.5 ac. hours) is devoted to the defining of engineering works significance to urban landscaping; presentation of the classification of underground networks in accordance with the installation method, character, and pressure.
2. Workload in hours: the topic would be taught for 3 academic hours.
3. Innovative Methods to be Applied in the Topic Presentation During Theory Lectures:
Lecture promotion methods intended for active student participation in the presentation of new material.
3.1. One Minute Reflection students, considering their own experience gained during previous years of studies shall answer asked questions. The answer shall be provided after the predetermined time (i.e. after a min, 5 min, etc.). 3.2. Summary of an Answer – the student is asked to summarize or repeat the answer of previous speaker. It would stimulate active participation in the discussion; active listening to group member answers and promotion the concept of study being the initiative share. 3.3. Reflection - at the end of the lecture students will write down short description of the most nameable fact “In the course of the lecture i have known that ...“ Role of a student being the person practicing studying or knowledge transferring is the most important function. 3 ac. hours. METHODICAL INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC SHALL BE PROVIDED:
- IN A FORM OF PRESENTATION (applying MS PowerPoint).
Literature: Author, title and Publication In Kauno Publicati identification number of place, In other No kolegija In rooms on date information source publishing libraries library (publication) office * (tick the source) 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos www.am.lt √ √ įstatymas 2 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas √ √ √ Česlovas; NESECKAS Algirdas. Vilnius , 2005 Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai; Technika mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 3 VERIANKIEN Ė, Natalija. √ √ √ Statini ų architekt ūra ir 2007 Šiauliai konstrukcijos; mokomoji knyga. ISBN 978-9955-768-02-9 Statybos techninis reglamentas www.am.lt √ √ √ 4 STR 1.01.09: 2003. Statini ų 2003 klasifikavimas pagal j ų naudojimo paskirt į.
BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
KK Faculty of Landscaping Lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė [email protected] UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
Objective of the lecture : - to know the variety of utilities
Tasks: - to analyze the variety of utilities - to know the classification of underground networks pursuant to various aspects UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS – URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY.
INFRASTRUCTURE – complex including facilities of various sphere of operation servicing the establishment and citizens (utilities , means of communication, communal, public, trade, etc. used for provision of services to citizens and other facilities used for environmental quality enhancement). UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
Underground communications (underground utilities) – complex system including various utilities installed under the ground surface and located beyond the construction. Water supply, sewage, drainage, gas, electricity, centralized heating, and communications networks. Plans and layouts are used for network designing, construction, and operation. Cables, pipes, various equipment are used for underground communications [1]. CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
Utilities could be classified in terms of installation method as: ò Underground ò Aboveground CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
in terms of nature as:
òPipelines (used for transfer of water, gas, vapour, oil, etc.)
òCable networks (used for electric energy supply, communications, telecommunications)
òTunnels (channels) (used for installation of a single-type or of several-types utilities) CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
in terms of nature are classified as: ò Pipelines CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
in terms of nature are classified as : ò Cable Networks
Underground Cable in a Trench CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
in terms of nature are classified as:
Tunnels (channels)
Networks of several types are laid in an excavated trench – installation of a common tunnel (common collector) CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
in terms of nature are classified as : Tunnels (channels) Channel (made from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements) could be : a) Transient b) Half-transient c) Non-transient CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
Pipelines are classified in accordance with : ò Functions performed ò Purpose
In accordance to the performed functions pipelines could be classified as follows: ò Main ò Distribution ò Sectional ò Intake CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES 1 task for students - 3 min.
Answer the question empirically : What is the classification of pipelines in terms of purpose? CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
In accordance to the purpose pipelines could be classified as follows : Water supply networks Sewerage networks Rainfall discharge networks Domestic sewage networks Drainage networks Gas pipelines Heating networks Company networks of special purpose (for oil products, acids, gaseous substances, ashes, etc.) [1] . CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
ò In accordance to the water intake Sewerage Networks could be classified as follows : ò Gravity (water flow is maintained by earth gravity) ò Pressurized (network is equipped with a pump house) CLASSIFICATION OF UTILITIES
Cable networks are divided into : a) High current cables: - high-voltage cable (from 10 kV) - low-voltage cables (380 V ) b) Weak current cable (telephone, radio, TV, signalling) Reflection for Students - 5 min.
IN THE COURSE OF THE LECTURE I HAVE KNOWN THAT....
( MAKE NOTES IN YOUR CONSPECT ) Questions
??? Literature
1. AKSAMITAUSKAS, Vladislovas Česlovas; NESECKAS, Algirdas. Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai. Mokomoji knyga. Vilnius. Technika , 2005. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 Thank you for your attention! BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
KK Landscaping Department lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė [email protected] BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
The Aim of the Lecture: To analyze main concepts and statements of the Law on Construction of the Republic of Lithuania, describing construction works and underground communications The Task of the Lecture: a) To memorize classification of construction works and be able to provide concrete examples of construction works b) To memorize 6 essential requirements established for construction works c) To know main documents of the Normative Construction Technical Documentation System TASK 1 FOR STUDENTS - 1 min. What Ministry we are talking about?
MINISTRY OF ???????????????? THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING DEPARTMENT
DIVISION OF DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND HOUSING DIVISION PROCESS REGULATION SUBORDINANCY DIAGRAM OF CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF THE LR MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING DEPARTMENT
DIVISION OF DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND HOUSING DIVISION PROCESS REGULATION MAIN DEFINITIONS USED IN THE LAW
Construction Works – means everything that results from construction operations using construction products and is steadily fixed to the ground. Building – means a construction works with the roof which contains one or more rooms or other premises [2]. THE LAW ON CONSTRUCTION The law on Construction of the Republic of Lithuania has came into effect on July 1, 2002 (the Law amending and alternating the Law on Construction as of July 2, 2010 came into effect on October 1, 2010 ) This Law shall establish the essential requirements for all construction works which are being built, reconstructed and repaired within the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, the procedure for technical regulation of construction, construction investigation, design of construction works, construction, reconstruction, repair of new construction works, acceptance of them as fit for use, utilisation and maintenance, demolition of construction works, as well as the procedure of supervision over the above activities, the principles of activities of the participants in the construction, public administration entities, owners (or users) of engineering and utility networks and traffic routes, other legal and natural persons in this field [2]. MAIN DEFINITIONS USED IN THE LAW
ô Engineering works means traffic routes, engineering and utility networks, channels, as well as all other construction works, which are not buildings. ô Engineering and utility networks means public or local water, sewage, heat, gas, oil or other fuel, technology pipelines, electricity-supply, energy and distance communication (telecommunication) lines together with their supply sources and equipment laid within the construction plot of a construction works (except the inside of the construction works) and outside its boundaries. CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
CONSTRUCTIONS
ENGINEERING BUILDINGS WORKS
Traffic Routes (linear Engineering networks Residential Non-residential construction works) and Utilities
Hydrotechnical Other purpose facilities Sporting Facilities TASK 2 FOR STUDENTS - 5 min.
-Think for yourself, what is the classification of construction works? -Discuss your opinion with your colleague -Write down 2 concrete examples for each group of construction works. (E.g. : xxx construction work - Kaunas cable railroad xxx construction work – London Olympic Stadium ) CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THEIR PURPOSE OF USE:
ô Buildings : - residential - non-residential
ô Engineering Works 1. Traffic Routes (linear construction works) 2. Engineering networks and Utilities 3. Hydrotechnical facilities 4. Engineering Works of Sporting Purpose 5. Works of Other Purpose (bastilles, bunkers, shooting ranges, technical observation towers, deposits, excavation and production sites, renewable energy (wind, solar) power plants, etc. BUILDINGS Purpose: residential
Residential Unit (house) – building with the overall rentable space, the greatest part of it or at least half of its rentable space used for residential purposes: ô Single family units (private residential houses) ô Two-family houses (duplex) ô Multi-family apartment houses (block of flats) ô Units for persons of various social status categories (dormitories, orphan asylums, almshouses, custody houses, matrimonial homes, abbeys, etc.) [3]. BUILDINGS Purpose: Non-residential
ô Hotels ô Cultural ô Administrative ô Educational ô Business ô Medical ô Service ô Recreational ô Catering ô Sporting ô Transport ô Religious ô Garage ô Special ô Production, industry ô Auxiliary ô Stocking ô other CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
ô Engineering Works: 1. Linear (traffic routes) CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Engineering Works: 2. Utilities (underground and aboveground) CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
Engineering Works: 2. Utilities (underground and aboveground) CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
ô Engineering Works: 3. Hydrotechnical facilities CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
ô 4. Engineering Works of Sporting Purpose recreational grounds and stadiums which are not buildings and could be used for outdoors sports and physical training (soccer, basketball, baseball, rugger football, aquatics, and racing, track racing, curvet, etc.). CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
ô Engineering Works : 5. of other purpose Tower-type (chimneys telecommunication constructions, lighthouses) Pole masts (with main- carrier cables) telecommunication constructions CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS
ô Construction works of other purpose: Tower-type
Interesting facts : Spring of telecommunication constructions has started in 1889 from the Eifel Tower, height of which is 320 m. Only then the first Tall block building has been erected. Pole Masts
Pole Masts (the mast is a stable or flexible cantilever the stability of which is ensured by main- carrier cables playing the role of main structural element distinguishing the tower and the mast). Tower-type Constructions. Mast Construction.
Horizontal Axis Propeller-type Vertical Axis (rotor) Wind Power Plant Wind Power Plant TASK 3 FOR STUDENTS - 5 min.
Which group of construction works the following facilities could be devoted to? 1. Bicycle Track 2. Cottage 3. The Eifel Tower 4. Elevated Road 5. Pumped Storage Unit 6. High-voltage Electrical Line ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS
1. Mechanical stability and resistance 2. Fire Safety 3. Hygiene, Health and Environmental Protection 4. Safe Use 5. Noise Protection 6. Energy Economy and Heat Conservation Normative Construction Technical Documentation System
The Law on Construction
Normative Construction Technical Documents
STR – Building Regulations Construction Technical Regulation
Lithuanian Standards Practical policies, recommendations REFLEXION FOR STUDENTS - 5 min.
IN THE COURSE OF THE LECTURE I HAVE KNOWN THAT ....
(MAKE NOTES IN YOUR CONSPECT ) Literature:
1.VERIANKIEN Ė, Natalija. Statini ų architekt ūra ir konstrukcijos; mokomoji knyga.Šiauliai,2007. ISBN 978-9955-768-02-9 2. Lietuvos Respublikos Statybos įstatymas. Prieiga per internet ą : http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=378329&p_quer y=&p_tr2= 3. Statybos techninis reglamentas STR 1.01.09:2003.Statini ų klasifikavimas pagal j ų naudojimo paskirt į. 4. BARRY, R . The construction of buildings. 5 volume. London, Blackwell Science.1998. ISBN: 978-0632049325 QUESTIONS?
??? Thank you for your attention Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 1 Topic: CONSTRUCTION CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTIONS
1. Aim of Practical Work : To familiarize students with the main concepts of the Law on Construction, construction expressions and descriptions of main structures and building components, understand concepts and expressions, know the layout of main structures and separate building components. 2. Tasks of Practical Work: – to analyze provided list; – to provide FIVE illustrations on an A4 page in accordance with the following requirements: ONE illustration shall comply with the number of the group and FOUR illustrations shall be provided selectively (pictures, drawings , press clipping); – to answer questions in regard to provided examples (40 items);
3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization.
4. Assessment of Practical Work: Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Topic: CONSTRUCTION CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTIONS
1. Mezzanine means the space at the top part of a floor, intermediate floor. 2. Overstory means auxiliary area above the top floor (air chambers, sun rooms, etc.) with separate roof when the total area calculated in accordance with the external dimensions of the overstorey walls is smaller than a half-area of the top floor. If the area of overstorey exceeds the half-area of the top floor it is treated as a floor. 3. Atrium means the room with valance lighting which could take two floors or even more. 4. Number of Floors means number of floorings (including flooring of the top floor adjoining the roof) above the floor level of the first floor (zero altitude). 5. Corner Window means half-round or edged projecture of a façade; sometimes could take several floors. 6. Elevated road means engineering facility above the basin, ditch, valley, streets, heights or buildings, used instead of road embankment; 7. Sole Plate means the bottom part of external walls. It is subjected to the increased moistening caused by atmospheric condensation and mechanical impacts, for this reason it should be made from concrete blocks or monolithic concrete. Minimum height of a sole plate under the climatic conditions of Lithuania shall be 40-45 cm. 8. Gallery means long balcony joined to the external or internal wall used for entrance to several apartments or to rooms of other purpose; underground passage; long narrow room connecting particular parts of a building or buildings. 9. Residential unit (house) means building with the overall rentable space, the greatest part of it or at least half of its rentable space used for residential purposes. 10. Engineering Works means traffic routes, engineering and utility networks, channels, as well as all other construction works, which are not buildings. 11. Engineering and utility networks means public or local water, sewage, heat, gas, oil or other fuel, technology pipelines, electricity-supply, energy and distance communication (telecommunication) lines together with their supply sources and equipment laid within the construction plot of a construction works (except the inside of the construction works) and outside its boundaries. 12. Engineering systems of a construction works means engineering systems of spaces of a construction works (their parts, beds) intended for the use and maintenance of the construction works, satisfying the needs of individuals living, working or otherwise exploiting the construction works: water-supply, sewage removal, heating, ventilation, air- conditioning, gas, electric, distance communication (telecommunications), fire protection, detection, alarm and extinction, garbage collection systems, passenger lifts and other systems, as well as systems of their control, management, automatisation and alarm. 13. Drop Apron means cantilevered roof continuation along the overall building perimeter protecting external wall surfaces from rain water. 14. Detached Pier means vertical bearing structure of a building. Bears vertical loads transmitted by supported constructional elements (arched girders, beams, frame beams (longitudinal beams), slabs), forms the external and internal space of a building. 15. Cottage means a single family unit with a land plot. Usually consists of two floors, includes two entrance doors, and access stair. 16. Niche means recessed part of a wall used for storage of goods or equipment. 17. Entrance Ramp means inclined surface used for bearing of vertical height differences. 18. Building means a construction works with the roof which contains one or more rooms or other premises. 19. Attic-floor Room (attic, mezzanine) means the floor or its part at the attic with shelving walls or ceiling. 20. Storey of a Building means space between the top part of floor surface and the floor surface of a storey located above them (top floor to the heat insulation of attic flooring or the top part of flat roof). Level of the lowest part of floor shall be used as a floor level in case of random floor levels. 21. Floorings mean internal horizontal structures dividing the building into floors. Bear and transfer constant and temporary vertical loads to walls or detached piers. 22. Partitions mean internal wall structure dividing rooms inside the building. Bear the deadweight. 23. Accessory Building means construction work attached and functionally related to the current building, having direct entrance from the building to the accessory building; unheated auxiliary premises of residential unit erected at the external side of its “heated” partitions. Facilities blocked with non-residential units having at least one common wall and used for the same purpose as the main construction work are deemed as accessory building, in spite of the absence of direct entrances. 24. Semi-basement (basement) means part of a building with the overall space or the greatest part of it located under the designed (established) ground surface; still not lower than 0.9 under it and having windows at least at one semi-basement wall. 25. Reconstruction means a type of construction with the aim to change essentially the existing construction works (to replace bearing structures of construction work by changing external dimensions of a construction work – length, width, height, etc.). 26. Major repairs of a construction works mean a type of construction with the aim to rearrange construction work (to replace bearing structures of construction work without changing external dimensions of a construction work – length, width, height, etc.). 27. Simple repairs of a construction works (corresponds to the definition “current repair” as used in the Civil Code) mean a type of construction with the aim to renew a construction work without reconstruction and major repair. 28. Design documentation of a construction works means a set of documents, the composition of which are established by normative technical construction documents, which contain solutions of a construction works conceived by the builder (client) (explanatory note, parts of a design documentation, calculations, drawings), d are intended for legalisation and carrying-out of construction of a construction works. 29. Contractor of construction of a construction works means a natural person, a legal person, any other foreign organisation who has the right to be engaged in construction, established by this Law. 30. Basement means the lower part of a building without windows intended for technical and economic needs, the floor area of which is lower than designed or established ground level; if there are windows, half or greater part of floor area is deepened for more than 0.9 under the designed or established ground level. 31. Lintel means wall element used for ceiling of openings. 32. Construction means activities the purpose of which is to construct (assemble, lay) a new construction works, reconstruct or repair the existing construction works. 33. Self-dependent construction means a type of organising construction when construction operations are carried out and a construction works, fit for use, is created at builder's (client's) own risk, without concluding a contract, using the builder's (client's) manpower, construction products, equipment owned by the builder (client). 34. Construction works means building or engineering works with bearing structures (or their parts) erected on a construction plot and steadily fixed to the ground. Such shall include buildings (dwelling, industrial, commercial, office, health care, educational, recreational, agricultural buildings and others) and engineering works or mixed-type construction works. 35. Simple construction works means a building of simple structures, the sum total of areas of all storeys, basement (semi-basement), superstructures, attic of which and areas of the annexes related by the purpose of use, calculated within the outside surfaces of the outside walls shall not exceed 80 m 2; an engineering works of simple structures. Characteristics and technical parameters of simple constructions of a building and an engineering works shall be established by normative technical construction documents. 36. Construction site means a location where building of a construction works is undertaken (territory the limits whereof are set in the design documentation of a construction works, taking into consideration the ongoing construction operations, which may or may not coincide with the limits of a construction plot). If the limits of a construction site and the limits of a construction plot do not coincide, a plot of land which is not owned by the builder (client) or is not owned and used on other grounds set laws of the Republic of Lithuania and the limits of which are established by the agreement between the builder (client) and the owner of such plot of land (or a person who disposes of land); a construction works - when all construction operations are carried out inside the construction works. 37. Flat roof means roofs without attic-floor room. 38. Pitched roofs means roofs with an attic-floor room. 39. Tambour (staircase) means accessory building attached to entrance door of a construction works or room beyond them the aim of which is to protect space from cold air and wind. 40. Porch means open elevated space (sometimes roofed-in) near the building. 41. Veranda - (glazed, closed) means accessory building with roof or building attached to external space of a construction works with light “cold” partitions for living during frost-free season.
CONSTRUCTION CONCEPTS AND DESCRIPTIONS (WITH ILLUSTRATIONS)
No Concept and Description Illustration
1. Mezzanine – the space at the top part of a floor, intermediate floor.
2. Overstory – auxiliary area above the top floor (air chambers, sun rooms, etc.) with separate roof when the total area calculated in accordance with the external dimensions of the overstorey walls is smaller than a half- area of the top floor. If the area of overstorey exceeds the half-area of the top floor it is treated as a floor
3. Atrium – the room with valance lighting which could take two floors or even more.
Atrium – indoors room of a building the main aim of which is to maintain natural lighting. Height of atrium is unrestricted: it could be surrounded by other rooms with natural lighting ensured by atrium from all or several sides;
4. Number of Floors – number of floorings (including flooring of the top floor adjoining the roof) above the floor level of the first floor (zero altitude).
5. Corner Window – half- round or edged projecture of a façade; sometimes could take several floors.
6. Elevated road – engineering facility above the basin, ditch, valley, streets, heights or buildings, used instead of road embankment (used for bridges);
7. Sole Plate – the bottom part of external walls. It is subjected to the increased moistening caused by atmospheric condensation and mechanical impacts, for this reason it should be made from concrete blocks or monolithic concrete. Minimum height of a sole plate under the climatic conditions of Lithuania shall be 40-45 cm.
8. Gallery – long balcony joined to the external or internal wall used for entrance to several apartments or to rooms of other purpose; underground passage; long narrow room connecting particular parts of a building or buildings.
9. Residential unit (house) – building with the overall rentable space, the greatest part of it or at least half of its rentable space used for residential purposes.
1-1 Tambour - passage 1-2 Kitchen-living room 1-3 WC 1-4 Sauna 1-5 Bathroom and WC 1-6 Bedroom 1-7 Bedroom 1-8 Bedroom 1-9 Safe 1-10 Boiling room G-1 garage Total area of the first floor is 153.17 sq.m.
10. Engineering Works – traffic routes, engineering and utility networks, channels, as well as all other construction works, which are not buildings.
Engineering works are divided into the following groups in terms of purpose of use: a) Traffic Routes (linear construction works); b) Engineering networks; c) Hydrotechnical facilities d) Engineering Works of Sporting Purpose e) Works of Other Purpose: - tower-type (wind mills, chimneys, lighthouses), - pole masts, (telecommunication facilities, wind mills of a mast-type), - bastilles, deposits, etc.
11. Engineering and utility networks – public or local water, sewage, heat, gas, oil or other fuel, technology pipelines, electricity- supply, energy and distance communication (telecommunication) lines
together with their supply sources and equipment laid
within the construction plot of a construction works (except the inside of the construction works) and outside its boundaries.
Engineering systems of a construction works – engineering systems of 12. spaces of a construction works (their parts, beds) intended for the use and maintenance of the construction works, satisfying the needs of individuals living, working or otherwise exploiting the construction works: water- supply, sewage removal, heating, ventilation, air- conditioning, gas, electric, distance communication (telecommunications), fire protection, detection, alarm and extinction, garbage collection systems, passenger lifts and other systems, as well as systems of their control, management, automatisation and alarm.
13. Drop Apron – cantilevered roof continuation along the overall building perimeter protecting external wall surfaces from rain water.
14. Detached Pier – vertical bearing structure of a building. Bears vertical loads transmitted by supported constructional elements (arched girders, beams, frame beams (longitudinal beams), slabs), forms the external and internal space of a building.
15. Cottage – a single family unit with a land plot. Usually consists of two floors, includes two entrance doors, and access stair.
16. Niche – recessed part of a wall used for storage of goods or equipment.
17. Entrance Ramp – inclined surface used for bearing of vertical height differences.
18. Building – a construction works with the roof which contains the following rooms: the aboveground floors, semi - basement (basement), underground floor, attic-floor rooms (attic , penthouse), atrium, mezzanine , gallery, accessory building, glazed (closed) veranda, unglazed (open) veranda, porch, corner window , recessed balcony, balcony , tambour, antium. Buildings are divided into the two main groups in terms of purpose of use : residential buildings; non - residential buildings ;
20. Attic -floor – space between the flooring and walls of top floor and the roof.
19. Attic-floor Room (attic, mezzanine) – floor or its part at the attic with shelving walls or ceiling. Mezzanine is located above the central part of a building and used as auxiliary space or a living room.
20. Storey of a Building – space between the top part of floor surface and the floor surface of a storey located above them (top floor to the heat insulation of attic flooring or the top part of flat roof). Level of the lowest part of floor shall be used as a floor level in case of random floor levels. 21. Floorings – internal horizontal structures dividing the building into floors. Bear and transfer constant and temporary vertical loads to walls or detached piers.
22. Partitions – internal wall structure dividing rooms inside the building. Bear the deadweight.
23. Accessory Building – construction work attached and functionally related to the current building, having direct entrance from the building to the accessory building; unheated auxiliary premises of residential unit erected at the external side of its “heated” partitions. Facilities blocked with non-residential units having at least one common wall and used for the same purpose as the main construction work are deemed as accessory building, in spite of the absence of direct entrances. 24. Semi-basement (basement) – part of a building with the overall space or the greatest part of it located under the designed (established) ground surface; still not lower than 0.9 under it and having windows at least at one semi-basement wall.
25. Reconstruction – a type of construction with the aim to change essentially the existing construction works (to replace bearing structures of construction work by changing external dimensions of a construction work – length, width, height, etc.).
26. Major repairs of a construction works – a type of construction with the aim to rearrange construction work (to replace bearing structures of construction work without changing external dimensions of a construction work – length, width, height, etc.).
27. Simple repairs of a construction works (corresponds to the definition “current repair” as used in the Civil Code) mean a type of construction with the aim to renew a construction work without reconstruction and major repair.
28. Design documentation of a construction works – a set of documents, the composition of which are established by normative technical construction documents, which contain solutions of a construction works conceived by the builder (client) (explanatory note, parts of a design documentation, calculations, drawings), d are intended for legalisation and carrying-out of construction of a construction works.
29. Contractor of construction of a construction works – a natural person, a legal person, any other foreign organisation who has the right to be engaged in construction, established by this Law.
30. Basement – the lower part of a building without windows intended for technical and economic needs, the floor area of which is lower than designed or established ground level; if there are windows, half or greater part of floor area is deepened for more than 0.9 under the designed or established ground level.
31. Lintel – wall element used for ceiling of openings.
1 - Porous concrete blocks
2 -U type blocks
3 - Decking
4 - Heavy concrete
5 - Prefabricated reinforcement cage 32. Construction – activities the purpose of which is to construct (assemble, lay) a new construction works, reconstruct or repair the existing construction works.
33. Self -dependent construction – a type of organising construction when construction operations are carried out and a construction works, fit for use, is created at builder's (client's) own risk, without concluding a contract, using the builder's (client's) manpower, construction products, equipment owned by the builder (client).
34. Construction works – building or engineering works with bearing structures (or their parts) erected on a construction plot and steadily fixed to the ground. Such shall include buildings (dwelling, industrial, commercial, office, health care, educational, recreational, agricultural buildings and others) and engineering works or mixed-type construction works.
Simple construction works – a building of simple structures, the sum total of areas of all storeys, basement (semi-basement), superstructures, attic of which and areas of the annexes related by the purpose of use, calculated within the outside surfaces of the outside walls shall not exceed 80 m2; an engineering works of simple structures. Characteristics and technical parameters of simple constructions of a building and an engineering works shall be established by normative technical construction documents.
35. Construction site – a location where building of a construction works is undertaken (territory the limits whereof are set in the design documentation of a construction works, taking into consideration the ongoing construction operations, which may or may not coincide with the limits of a construction plot). If the limits of a construction site and the limits of a construction plot do not coincide, a plot of land which is not owned by the builder (client) or is not owned and used on other grounds set laws of the Republic of Lithuania and the limits of which are established by the agreement between the builder (client) and the owner of such plot of land (or a person who disposes of land); a construction works -
when all construction operations are carried out inside the construction works.
36. Flat roof – roofs without attic-floor room.
37. Pitched roofs – roofs with an attic-floor room.
a) single-membered roof
b) double-pitch roof
c) Italian roof (gambrel roof)
(with two triangular slopes – hips, and two trapezoidal long slopes).
d) Multigabled roof
38. Tambour (staircase) – accessory building attached to entrance door of a construction works or room beyond them the aim of which is to protect space from cold air and wind .
39. Porch – open elevated space (sometimes roofed- in) near the building.
40. Veranda – (glazed, closed) means accessory building with roof or building attached to external space of a construction works with light “cold” partitions for living during frost-free season .
Review: Answer to any of provided questions and illustration (40 items).
LITERATURE:
Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno Publication place, In other No number of information source kolegija In rooms date publishing libraries (publication) library office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos www.am.lt √ √ įstatymas 2 VERIANKIEN Ė, Natalija. √ √ √ Statini ų architekt ūra ir 2007 Šiauliai konstrukcijos; mokomoji knyga. ISBN 978-9955-768-02-9 3 2000 VENCKEVI ČIUS, Vytautas; Technologija, - - √ ŽILINSKAS, Romualdas . Kaunas Statini ų rekonstrukcija ir remontas. ISBN 998613871X 4 Organizaciniai tvarkomieji www.am.lt √ √ √ statybos techniniai reglamentai 5 1998 * BARRY, R , The construction of London, √ - √ buildings. 5 volume. ISBN: 978- Blackwell 0632049325 Science. 6 2010 * T. MAROTTA; Basic √ - √ Construction Materials (8th Edition). ISBN 978-0135129692 Periodical publications 5 Nauja statyba : [žurnalas] Vilnius , √ - √ ISSN 1648-4274 Leidybos praktika 6 Statyk! : praktinis b ūsto vadova s : √ - √ [žurnalas].ISSN 1648-4150 Internet sources of information 7 www.am.lt
* Information sources for foreign students
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 2 Topic: SCOPE OF GROUND WORKS
1. Aim of Practical Work – to know construction materials, their properties, applicability. Be able to calculate volume of a foundation pit. 2. Tasks of Practical Work : calculate volume of a foundation pit in accordance with the provided calculation example applying two different methods : I. On the basis of excavated soil quantity equal to the volume of a foundation pit; II. On the basis of dumped filled soil in terms of picking of soil; Calculation and description shall be provided on an A4 page. It is the task which could be assigned to geodesy specialist employed at building organization. 3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization.
4. Assessment of Practical Work : Provide consequent description of Work and performed calculations. Be able to answer test questions.
Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization of work. work. work. work.
Has answered all question in Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered the course of defence fully, acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know correctly, logically. Is able defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or make to use knowledge and apply answered more than one answered more than a half of efforts. skills. third of asked questions. asked questions.
TASK I: Calculate volume of a foundation pit on the basis of excavated soil quantity equal to the volume of a foundation pit. Volume of a foundation pit shall be calculated on the basis of cross-sectional area of distinguished points derived during the application of geodesic methods and distances between current cross-sections determined during measurement. Example of calculations to be performed: Foundation pit shall be divided into 6 cross-sections. Cross-sectional areas are indicated in Table 1: Table 1 No of cross- 1 2 3 4 5 6 section Cross- 0 10.60 16.80 20.40 12.70 0 sectional area, m2 Distance between cross-sections d = 10 m. Quantity of soil between the cross-sections shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
V = [ ( A 1 + A2 ) ] d ; 2 here: V – soil volume, m3; 2 A1 ,A 2 – areas of adjacent cross-sections, m ; d - distance between cross-sections, m. Quantity of excavated soil equal to the volume of a foundation pit shall be calculated as it is shown in Table 2. Table 2 No of Cross- Average area Distance d, m Volume, m 3 cross- sectional ( A 1+A 2)/2 section area, m2 1 0 - - - 2 10.60 5.30 10.00 53.0 3 16.80 13.70 10.00 137.0 4 20.40 18.60 10.00 186.0 5 12.70 16.55 10.00 165.5 6 0 6.35 10.00 63.5 Total 605.0
The result: Volume of a foundation pit which is equal to the quantity of excavated soil is 605.0 m 3
I TASK DATA To calculate quantity of soil excavated from a foundation pit under the distance between measurement cross-sections d = 10.0 m. Task data is provided in Table 3. Calculations shall be included in Table 2. Table 3 No No of cross-section No No of cross-section Cross-sectional area, m2 Cross-sectional area, m2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 8.4 12.6 14.2 10.8 0 0 5.9 18.1 15.2 11.4 0 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 9.6 10.8 16.0 6.0 0 0 16.2 18.4 17.9 9.5 0 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10.2 20.0 16.2 10.4 0 0 13.5 18.7 22.9 20.4 0 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20.9 16.8 14.0 10.8 0 0 15.6 14.2 28.6 24.8 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 12.4 22.0 16.8 12.0 0 0 11.2 14.5 17.8 9.5 0 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 12.7 14.6 21.2 8.6 0 0 13.7 20.4 22.4 26.7 0 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 17.6 18.6 19.8 10.4 0 0 25.6 28.6 32.4 30.6 0 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 7.8 15.2 22.6 5.8 0 0 19.8 18.7 28.3 21.4 0 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 11.6 9.5 12.8 25.3 0 0 5.2 4.7 8.2 9.7 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 24.6 20.5 18.4 11.7 0 0 24.6 22.3 20.7 19.7 0 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5.2 6.6 17.8 12.9 0 0 16.4 14.7 15.6 9.7 0 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 14.8 18.6 13.7 9.8 0 0 11.4 12.8 20.6 13.8 0 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 12.7 14.6 20.3 15.2 0 0 9.7 8.5 6.2 7.7 0 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 11.2 17.9 26.3 14.7 0 0 12.6 8.2 9.8 8.9 0 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 22.5 26.8 24.6 19.8 0 0 17.6 16.9 20.8 19.5 0
TASK II: Calculate volume of a foundation pit on the basis of dumped filled soil in terms of picking of soil. Ground work means a type of general construction works the aim of which to excavate soil for construction needs, fill the imported soil or carry out underground works. Bulk means the dumping place used for filling excessive soil. Bulk is a dumped fill of regular shape near the trench or foundation pit. Eventually the soil is being filled back to the aboveground construction works. Picking of soil shall be considered in order to calculate volume of a foundation pit on the basis of dumped filled soil , i.e. we shall evaluate bulking of excavated soil. Table 4 indicates the bulking of dumped filled soil caused by soil picking. Soil which is stored in a dumped fill not longer than 4 month will undergo initial picking , longer than 4 months (4-12 months) – residual. Table 4 Type of soil Picking soil % of natural state Initial Residual Clay: soft, fat 24 – 30 4 – 7 moraine clay 26 - 32 6 - 9 Gravel: fine and middle- 14 - 28 1.5 - 5 sized Sand: pure 8 – 17 1 – 2,5 with break stone, 14 - 28 1.5 - 5 gravel
Example of calculations to be performed: Cross-sectional areas of the soil (pure sand) excavated from a foundation pit and bulked in a dumped fill are indicated in Table 5: Table 5 No of cross- 1 2 3 4 5 6 section Cross- sectional 0 15.40 16.00 26.80 10.20 0 area, m2
Distance between cross-sections d = 10.0 m. Volume of soil is calculated in accordance with the data provided in Table 6. Table 6 No of Cross- Average area Distance d, m Volume, m 3 cross- sectional (A1+A 2)/2 section area, m2 1 0 - - - 2 15.40 7.70 10.00 77.00 3 16.00 15.70 10.00 157.00 4 26,80 21.40 10.00 214.00 5 10.20 18.50 10.00 185.00 6 0 5.10 10.00 51.00 Total 684.00 Volume of a dumped fill V = 684.00 m 3 Sand has been stored in a dumped fill for 2 month. Table 4 includes the value of soil picking which is equal to 12.5%, it means that the quantity of sand has bulked for
(684.00 x 12.5) = 85.50 m3 100 3 Volume of a foundation pit will be equal to: Vd = 684.0 – 85.50 = 598.50 m The result: Volume of a foundation pit is 598.50 m3. II TASK DATA Calculate volume of a foundation pit on the basis of dumped filled soil in terms of picking of soil. The distance between measurement cross-sections d = 10.0 m. Calculations are carried out and delivered on the analogy of the Task I, except evaluation of soil picking. Task data is provided in Tables 7 and 8. Table 7 No No of cross-section No No of cross-section Cross-sectional area, m2 Cross-sectional area, m2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5.4 13.6 17.2 20.8 0 0 12.9 22.1 25.2 16.4 0 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 5.6 11.8 13.0 16.0 0 0 16.2 23.4 27.9 19.5 0 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 12.2 14.0 17.2 14.4 0 0 19.5 25.7 12.9 10.4 0 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 21.9 12.8 16.0 12.8 0 0 11.6 28.2 18.6 14.8 0 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 13.4 16.0 12.8 16.0 0 0 14.2 26.5 27.8 19.5 0 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 11.7 15.6 11.2 12.6 0 0 16.7 21.4 24.4 20.7 0 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 15.6 11.6 29.8 13.4 0 0 18.6 23.6 31.4 34.6 0 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 23 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 9.8 13.2 12.6 15.8 0 0 16.8 15.7 26.3 22.4 0 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 17.6 17.5 22.8 9.3 0 0 25.2 24.7 11.2 19.7 0 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 25,6 24,5 28,4 19,7 0 0 14.6 12.3 23.7 29.7 0 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 26 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 11.2 26.6 27.8 16.9 0 0 26.4 24.7 10.6 5.7 0 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 27 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10.8 14.6 23.7 19.8 0 0 17.4 22.8 23.6 17.8 0 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10.7 15.6 10.3 25.2 0 0 9.7 18.5 16.2 14.7 0 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 29 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10.2 19.9 16.3 16.7 0 0 13.6 18.2 19.8 28.9 0 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 20.5 33.8 14.6 14.8 0 0 19.6 26.9 10.8 15.5 0 Table 8 Stored in a Stored in a No Type of soil No Type of soil dumped fill dumped fill 1 Clay soft, fat 3 16 Gravel fine 5 2 Sand pure 2 17 Sand with break stone, gravel 3 3 Gravel fine 4 18 Clay soft, fat 6 4 Sand pure 10 19 Moraine clay 4 5 Clay soft, fat 2 20 Sand with break stone, gravel 7 6 Gravel middle-sized 1 21 Clay soft, fat 9 7 Sand pure 7 22 Gravel fine 1 8 Clay soft, fat 5 23 Sand pure 1
9 Sand with break stone, 2 24 Clay soft, fat 2 gravel 10 Gravel fine 4 25 Gravel fine 5 11 Moraine clay 3 26 Sand pure 4 12 Sand with break stone, 6 27 Clay soft, fat 3 gravel 13 Clay soft, fat 8 28 Gravel middle-sized 2 14 Sand with break stone, 2 29 Sand with break stone, gravel 6 gravel 15 Moraine clay 9 30 Moraine clay 7 Review Questions: 1. Which methods could be used for calculation of a foundation pit volume? 2. What does dumped fill mean? 3. What does trench mean? 4. What does soil picking mean? When it could be named as initial or residual? 5. What does rocky soil and soil mean? Name types of soil.
Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno Publication place, In other No number of information source kolegija In rooms date publishing libraries (publication) library office * ( tick the source ) Additional information sources 1 2007 NAGROCKIEN Ė Džigita ; Vilnius , √ - √ Žurauskien ė Ramun ė.. Statybin ės Technika medžiagos ir j ų gaminiai ;mokomoji knyga 2 2006 VALI ŪNAS, Kazimieras . Technologija, √ - √ Statybin ės grunt ų savyb ės. Kaunas ISBN 9955095814 3 GURSKIS, Vincas. Statybin ės Kaunas, 2008 medžiagos; mokomoji knyga. √ √ Ardiva ISBN 978-9955-896-24-1 4 *Berge, B. The Ecology of Building Materials. Secod edition. √ 2009 √
ISBN: 978-1856175371. Periodical publications 5 Nauja statyba : [žurnalas] Vilnius , √ - √ ISSN 1648-4274 Leidybos praktika 6 Statyk!: praktinis b ūsto vadova s : √ - √ [žurnalas].ISSN 1648-4150 Internet sources of information 7 www.am.lt * Information sources for foreign students
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 3 Topic: CALCULATION OF STAIR TREAD AND STAIRCASE LANDING WIDTH AND DRAWING OF STAIR ENCLOSURE
1. Aim of Practical Work: be able to calculate width of staircase landings and number of stair threads per flight of stairs on the basis of provided distances between building axis and a floor height.
2. Tasks of Practical Work: on the basis of provided individual task to draw stair enclosure plan and building cross-section on an A4 page using AutoCad program.
3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration.
4. Assessment of Practical Work: Provide consequent description of Work and performed calculations, drawings. Be able to answer test questions. Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization of work. work. work. work.
Has answered all question in Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered the course of defence fully, acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know correctly, logically. Is able defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or make to use knowledge and apply answered more than one answered more than a half of efforts. skills. third of asked questions. asked questions.
TASK
CALCULATION OF STAIR TREAD AND STAIRCASE LANDING WIDTH
There is a refuse duct in a double-storey building; still its structure shall not be detailed. The emphasis shall be placed on the partition between the staircase and the refuse duct. This partition plays both aesthetic and structural role. During the execution of the task this partition will be used as starting point for calculation of stair enclosure staircase landings. The partition is: of 80 mm thickness (as usual), of 800 mm length and erected 1100 mm apart the C axis.
The refuse duct is shown as a circle with 40-50 mm diameter. Fig. 1. Plan of a second-floor stair enclosure drawn under provided dimensions and performed After the completion of a plan section, outline it by calculations. termination line.
Dimensions of a stair enclosure and stair treads are provided in the task. With notice to the floor height H (in the task “Floor height”) and paying attention to the fact that floors are connected by two flights of stairs the number of stair treads n per a flight of stairs could be calculated:
n = H /2h 1, here h1 – height of a stair tread
Heights of the first and the last stair threads of a flight of stairs (framed stair threads are described in Fig 3.) coincide with the heights of corresponding staircase landings and increase width of staircase landings at once (width of a staircase landing with framed stair thread). Overhead view (on plan) shows that the first and the last stair threads of a flight of stairs coincide with the staircase landing, respectively, the plan does not include any lines drawn. Staircase landing shall be installed in-between the first and the second floors, i.e. altitude of the top part of the staircase landing shall be equal to H / 2. Thickness of the landing is 200 mm.
Plan shall include indication of widths of staircase landings with framed stair thread a (their number is specified herein, see Fig. 3 as well), and the cross-section widths of landings (widths of landings in-between floors and at floors are equal). Remain middle part of stair enclosure, i.e. projection of a flight of stairs shall be indicated at the plan and cross-section (it is recommended to draw the stair enclosure on the plan of a second-floor at first because it includes the overall projection of a flight of stairs). The abovementioned distance shall be divided into n–1 of sections (n – number of stair threads of a flight of stairs), and the height between landings into n sections. Cross-section could include auxiliary scale, stair threads could be easily drawn with the help of this scale. Connection of staircase landings and flights of stairs shall be defined using reference designation. A gap equal to 200 mm shall be left between flights of stairs on the plan, arrows shall be used in order to mark movement directions (arrow indicates the upwards direction). The top part of railings shall be drawn on a cross-section at a height of 900 mm.
Analysis of drawn stair enclosure is provided hereinafter.
Example (Fig. 2) includes the plan of a stair enclosure without flights of stairs executed in accordance with the following data:
H = 3000 mm - height of a floor;
h1 = 150 mm - height of a stair thread;
bp = 300 mm - width of a stair thread; d = 5640 mm - distance between axis C and D; Fig. 2. Plan of a stair enclosure without flights of stairs k = 3340 mm - distance between axis 3 and 4;
d1 = 1100 mm - distance from the axis C to the partition located at the stair enclosure (the distance is analogous in all variants);
altitude of the first floor is 0.000;
altitude of the pavement is 1.500 (altitudes are indicated in meters, other dimensions in millimeters).
Length of a stair enclosure room A shall be calculated at first (Fig. 1. Plan of the second-floor entrance is explicated in order to maintain frontal cross-section of stair enclosure).
A = d + d1 – 120 = 5640 + 1100 – 120 = 6620 mm; here 120 – distance of D axis to the wall.
Then number of stair threads per each flight of stairs shall be determined as follows:
n = H /2 h1 ; n = 3000 / (2 x 150) = 10 stair threads. This number corresponds with number of stair threads moving upwards from the first floor to the intermediate landing and from the intermediate landing to the second floor (10 stair threads each). Since framed stair threads are not indicated on the plan, the number of stair threads drawn is equal to:
npl = n – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9 stair threads. Fig. 3. Fragment of the second-floor stair enclosure plan and its cross-section Widths of staircase landings shall be calculated as follows:
a = [A – (n pl x b p)] / 2 = = [6620 – (9 x 300)] / 2 = 1960 mm.
Results of the above calculations are specified at the fragment of the second-floor stair enclosure plan and corresponding cross-section 1–1 (Fig. 3.). This time drawing of auxiliary scale could be omitted. Part of a flight of stairs which could not be located on a scale (except tambour) is named as framed stair threads.
The task does not include tambour altitude because it shall be calculated separately (Fig. 4). Altitude of intermediate landing and pavement altitude shall be known in order to carry out calculations. Moreover, the constant of the distance from the tambour floor to the floor of stair landing equality to 2400 mm shall be met. Thickness of the flooring and floor coating of intermediate landing is equal to 200 mm.
Provided example (Fig. 4) foresees that the altitude of intermediate landing is equal to 1.500 m (is it calculated by dividing the height H = 3000 mm by two). Calculate as follows: 1.5 m – 2.4 m = - 0.9 m. Performed calculations show that determined height is sufficient for tambour construction. The example shows that the pavement altitude is rather Fig. 4. Fragment of a building cross-section low, i.e. – 1.5 m, accordingly, the designer has decreased tambour altitude (Fig. 4.).
At least one stair thread shall be located between the tambour and pavement. Distance between the first-floor flooring (0.000) and tambour flooring shall be dividable by the height of stair thread, i.e. 1.200 / 0.150 = 8 stair threads – the precise number of stair threads (Fig. 4) is shown on the plan between the tambour and the first floor.
Analysis of other example: height of floor H = 3,100 m; height of a stair thread h = 0,155 m; pavement altitude - 1,240 m; Altitude of intermediate landing shall be calculated as follows: 3.100 / 2 = 1.550 m. Altitude of tambour landing: 1.550 – 2.400 = - 0.850 m. Calculated distance shall be divided by the height of a stair thread, eventually: 0.850 / 0.155 = 5.5 stair threads. Construction of stair threads of different height in residential units is restrained by Design rules. In this case > 5.5 of stair threads, i.e. 6 stair threads shall be installed. Eventually, tambour altitude will be equal to: 6 stair threads x 0.155 m = - 0.930 m. Upwards from the pavement to the tambour there would be: (- 1.24 m) – (- 0.930 m) = 0.310 m /0.155 = 2 stair threads.
Drawing of a building cross-section is the next step to be made
Drawing of a cross-section Cross-section also known as an architectural cross-section will be drawn; it would not include separate flooring, floor, roof, and stair enclosure structures. Cross-section point shall be indicated on the plan (Fig. 3). Typically, building cross-section crosses a flight of stairs of the nearest stair landing (the other flight of stairs is seen further and shall be drawn in fine line). Axis of external walls and wall outlines shall be drawn at first; then horizontal line indicating the level of the first-floor flooring (zero altitude). Considering task data the pavement of the required length shall be drawn (negative pavement altitude shall be laid off) – see Fig. 5.
The task includes indication of a floor height. Floor height means the distance between the flooring of one floor and the flooring of another floor. Height of particular room (between the floor and the ceiling) shall be 300 mm smaller because thickness of flooring and coating between floors shall be 300 mm. Ceilings of rooms located at Fig. 5. Building cross-section the first and the second floors are
drawn. The bottom part of a roof drop apron shall be drawn 220 mm above the ceiling of a last floor at the outer sides of walls. Drop apron slab shall overhang the wall for 680 mm; thickness of the slab shall be equal to 60 mm.
A line indicating top of the roof with 2.5 % slope shall be drawn from the outer upper edge of the drop apron along both sides of the building till the concurrence at the central part of the building – roof ridge. Architectural cross-section does not include the detailed indication of a flat roof. Ventilation chimneys are drawn above the roof (not less than 500 mm above the drop apron). Then doors, inside walls, and partitions seen behind the cross-section and intersected by a cross- section plane shall be drawn. Window places shall be indicated on external walls. Generally, the bottom part of windows (sill rails) are installed at 700 - 850 mm height above the floor. Dsion of a window height is provided in the data table. The upper part of all windows shall be at the same level (height), for this reason the upper windows of a stair enclosure are drawn at the same level. Windows (width b = 610 mm, height h = 630 mm) of the above room could be arranged in groups. Completing the drawing the roof shall be indicated. The bottom part of the roof shall coincide with the bottom of the intermediate landing. Heights – altitudes of particular building elements shall be calculated and indicated. Altitudes of openings, floors, ceilings, roof ridge, and drop apron shall be specified as well.
Fig. 6. Perspective view of a main building façade
TASK DATA for the Practical work No 3
No Distances Height and Floor Pavement between width of a stair height, altitude, m axes, mm thread , mm mm k d height width 1 2700 4600 150 290 2700 -1.65 2 3000 4800 150 295 3000 -1.50 3 3000 4900 150 310 3000 -1.65 4 2700 4700 155 300 3100 -1.40 5 3000 4400 150 290 2700 -1.50 6 3000 4900 160 300 3200 -1.44 7 2700 4700 145 300 2900 -1.45 8 3000 4400 150 290 3000 -1.65 9 3000 4700 150 295 3000 -1.65 10 2700 4700 150 300 3000 -1.65 11 3200 4400 150 290 2700 -1.50 12 3000 5000 160 310 3200 -1.44 13 2700 4900 150 295 3000 -1.65 14 2700 4700 150 300 3000 -1.65 15 3000 4500 150 300 2700 -1.50 16 2700 4600 155 300 3100 -1.55 17 3200 4400 150 290 2700 -1.50 18 3000 4900 160 300 3200 -1.60 19 2700 5100 150 290 3300 -1.35 20 3200 4600 145 290 2900 -1.45 21 3000 4400 150 300 2700 -1.50 22 2700 4700 155 300 3100 -1.40 23 3200 4500 150 290 2700 -1.50 24 3000 4900 155 300 3100 -1.55 25 2700 4900 150 295 3000 -1.65 26 3000 4600 155 290 3100 -1.55 27 3000 4700 150 300 3000 -1.50 28 2700 4700 155 300 3100 -1.40 29 3000 4500 150 290 2700 -1.65 30 3000 4900 150 300 3000 -1.50 31 3000 4500 150 300 2700 -1.65 32 2700 4700 155 300 3100 -1.55 33 2700 4700 155 300 3100 -1.40 34 3000 4400 150 290 2700 -1.50 35 3000 4900 160 300 3200 -1.44 36 2700 4700 145 300 2900 -1.45 37 3000 4400 150 290 3000 -1.65 38 3000 4700 150 295 3000 -1.65 39 2700 4700 150 300 3000 -1.65 40 3200 4400 150 290 2700 -1.50
General data to be used in all variants: Height of a window casement – 1500 mm; Thickness of an inserted floor – 300 mm; Thickness of flooring of an intermediate landing– 200 mm.
EXAMPLE OF COMPLETED WORK:
PLAN OF A SECOND-FLOOR STAIR ENCLOSURE
Review Questions: 1. What do the following concepts mean: façade, tambour, floor plan, zero altitude, floor height, and head room, depth of room, flooring, partition, corner window, flight of stairs, room explication? 2. Which methods shall be applied in order to determine the altitude of intermediate stair landing? 3. What is the designation of longitudinal and transversal axes of walls and middle lines of partitions? 4. Which method shall be applied in order to determine number of stair threads if altitudes and height of a stair thread are known?
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 4 Topic: OWNERSHIP OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES
1. Aim of Practical Work: to familiarize students with documentation procedures established for ownership of newly constructed residential unit (house) and auxiliary construction works. 2. Tasks of Practical Work: V to draft document treble on an A3 (A4) page in accordance with provided references V to search for addresses of particular institutions in provided cities V to be able to name and comment on documents of various institutions and their relevancy 3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization. 4. Assessment of Practical Work: Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
OWNERSHIP OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES
No Sequence of works and actions in regard to the newly constructed construction works
Certificate of Registration substantiating the ownership right issued by the Branch (department of the branch) of the State Enterprise Centre of Registers. 1. (Person could already have ownership documents and a plot plan if he/she had registered bought land plot in the SE “Centre of Registers”). 2. Topographical expression Submission of a request regarding the development of special or detailed territory planning to the land use planning and control department of an “N” city. 3 Special in case of agricultural activity to be performed on rural or regional territory in accordance with the general plan, detailed for urban and rural territories if they are indicated as urban territories on the general plan. After the obtainment of permission issued by the land use planning and control department, the next step, such as submission of a request regarding the issuance of conditions required for the development of 4. detailed (or special) plan to the Territorial planning department of “N” city municipality shall be made. Conditions shall be issued within 20 business days of the request registration day. 5. Detailed (special) plan shall be developed upon the obtainment of planning conditions. Submission of a request regarding the issuance of special planning conditions required for design of 6. structures to the Territorial planning department of an “N” city municipality. 7. Development of technical design of construction works and buildings. Approval of a design by the regional territory architect, Employers, joint-tenants, neighbors, companies, 8. e.g.: Power supply network (input) Gas supply system TEO networks Water supply networks Communal services of an “N” city municipality (parking lot near the building) Public lighting Regional roads Fire inspection Territorial division of the Cultural Heritage Department of an “N” city, region The land use planning and control department of an “N” region The agricultural department of an “N” region (drainage system) Conservancy of nature (artesian well, ponds) Construction and urban development department of municipality shall develop (signed by the director of municipality administration) and issue construction license not later than within 10 days upon the document submission. In case of dismissal of license, the constructor shall be informed within 10 days upon the document submission in writing indicating the reasons of refusal. 9. Construction license shall be valid for 10 years; it expires if constructor fails to commence construction within 3 years or to recognize its serviceability within 10 years. Construction license shall not be obtained for construction works referred to the I group of Construction Works – simple construction works (up to 80 m 2) STR 1.01.07:2010 “Simple Construction Works” 10 Building and construction works Measurements performed by the land surveyor the Branch (department of the branch) of the State 11 Enterprise Centre of Registers and development of cadastral measurement record. 12.1. Drafting of declaration in regard completion of building and construction works performed by the constructor (if the construction works are referred to the I group of Construction Works – simple construction works (up to 80 m 2) and its submission to the building control department managing all declarations. 12 (Alternation of the Law on Construction as of 1 October 2010) Declaration is the basis for the registration of construction works in the register. 12.2. If the Construction works are referred to as works of exceptional significance the appropriate “Serviceability certificate”. STR 1.01.06:2010 “Construction works of Exceptional Significance” Registration of the construction works ownership at the Branch (department of the branch) of the State 13 Enterprise Centre of Registers. Submission of: - request - identification card - filled in and approved declaration of a construction works (or Serviceability certificate) - cadastral measurement record - design of a construction works - license (if there is such) Obtainment of Certificate substantiating the ownership right to the construction works and auxiliary 14 buildings. Real estate and ownership rights shall be registered by territorial branches of the State Enterprise Centre of Registers in accordance with the location of real estate. 10 branches register real estate, ownership rights, and legal entities, submitted data and documentation, provide data from the register, carry-out cadastral measurements, massive and individual appraisal of
property, market researches, manage property generation archives, organize activities of departments. 40 departments register real estate, ownership rights, accept and issue documentation of registered legal entities, issue documents substantiating the ownership rights or rights of enjoyment, grant information services.
TASKS
Task No 1 residential building in Šiauliai. Task No 2 residential building in Vilnius. Task No 3 residential building in Kaunas. Task No 4 residential building in Panev ėžys. Task No 5 residential building in Marijampol ė. Task No 6 residential building in Plung ė. Task No 7 residential building and auxiliary building in Palanga. Task No 8 residential building in Ariogala, Raseinių region. Task No 9 residential building and auxiliary building in Jurbarkas. Task No 10 residential building in Alytus. Task No 11 residential building in Pasvalys. Task No 12 residential building in Ukmerg ė. Task No 13 residential building in Biržai. Task No 14 residential building and auxiliary building in Druskininkai. Task No 15 residential building in Kėdainiai. Task No 16 residential building in Rietavas. Task No 17 residential building in Šilut ė. Task No 18 residential building and auxiliary building in Kretinga. Task No 19 residential building in Ignalina. Task No 20 residential building and auxiliary building in Valkininkai., Var ėna region. Task No 21 residential building in Šeduva, Radviliškis region. Task No 22 residential building and auxiliary building in Vidukl ė, Raseiniai region. Task No 23 residential building in Rumšišk ės, Kaišiadorys region. Task No 24 residential building and auxiliary building in Vilainiai, Kėdainiai region. Task No 25 residential building in Skuodas. Task No 26 residential building and auxiliary building in Panoteriai, Jonava region. Task No 27 residential building and auxiliary building in Paluobiai, Šakiai region. Task No 28 residential building in Kaunas region. Garliava. Task No 29 residential building in Prienai. Task No 30 residential building in Var ėna.
Review Questions: 1. What does the design of construction works mean (explain)? 2. What does the approval of the design mean? 3. What are the parts of the design of construction works? 4. Name reasons for design approval by various institutions or organisations (Power supply network, Fire inspection, etc.). 5. Which documents shall be submitted in order to register residential building or its auxiliary buildings? 6. Building of which construction works does not require the construction license obtainment? 7. What is the term of validity of construction license and the timeframe for building commencement? 8. When the serviceability certificate shall be submitted, and when the declaration? 9. During which stage of construction appropriate cadastral measurement record shall be formed and what the purpose of such record?
LITERATURE: Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno Publication place, In other No number of information source kolegija In rooms date publishing libraries (publication) library office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos www.am.lt √ √ įstatymas 2. 2000 Statini ų kadastro matavim ų ir Vilnius √ √ √ apskaitos metodika. Aplinkos Rekona apsaugos ministerija. 3. Organizaciniai tvarkomieji www.am.lt √ √ √ statybos techniniai reglamentai Internet sources of information www.am.lt
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 5
MEASUREMENT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
1. Aim of Practical Work: to familiarize students with the procedure of cadastral measurement of construction works, data collection and processing. 2. Tasks of Practical Work: to designate 3 buildings. determine the main target purpose and title of the building, carry out cadastral measurements of a single floor of the building, draw the plan, provide an image of one (out of three) selected building, designate rooms, calculate areas, volume and fill in the A1 template. 3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization . 4. Assessment of Practical Work: Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization of work. work. work. work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Cadastral data of a construction works shall be gathered and cadastral measurements shall be carried out under the request of the owner, actual user, co-owner or authorized representatives (employers), unless otherwise stated in Laws or other legal acts. Cadastral measurements and collection of cadastral data mean activities the aim of which is to collect data required for drawing of construction works layout plans and plans of floors of particular building, calculation of construction works parameters (area, volume, etc.) and execution of the value of construction works. Cadastral measurements of construction works and collection of cadastral data shall be performed on-site. The above mentioned works are named as Field Works. Processing of collected cadastral data means drafting of a layout plan at the land plot and plans of floors of particular buildings; calculation of area, volume, value, etc.; filling in templates, and cadastral data record in accordance with the collected data. The above mentioned works are named as Office Work . WORK EXECUTION ORDER: layout plan of three construction works shall be drawn at M 1:500 scales. Plan of a construction works floor shall be drawn at M 1:100 scale, on an A4 page in accordance with the requirements established for constructional drawing. Document page shall be enframed, the record table shall be included in the bottom right corner (corner stamp of the plan of a construction works floor) as in Table 1: Table 1
TRADEMARK AND NAME OF A COMPANY DEVELOPED THE PLAN Position Name, surname Signature Date
Student xxxxxx xxxxx
Plan of the first floor 1: 100
Address “A” Street, No ___, “N” city Designation of a Developed in acc. ……. construction ……… cadastral works on the measurement data plan 1A1p
Plan of a construction works floor shall be drawn as follows: 1. External outline 2. Interior main walls 3. Partitions 4. Internal and external doors, windows, stair enclosures Then construction works layout plan is drawn on an A4 page at M 1: 500 scale (see Annex 1) and buildings are designated as required, e.g. 1M1/p: 1. The first symbol (number) means number of a construction work on the land plot; 2. The second one symbol (capital letter) indicates purpose of the building (see Annex 3); 3. Division sign (value) means altitude; 4. Denominator (small letter) means building material used for outer walls; 1A template “Cadastral data of the main building, its elements and additional building” is filled in (see Annex 2). 1F template (see Annex 4) is filled in. Construction works layout plan: Annex 1
Task variants
Table 2 No No of of vari Building varia Building ant nt
1 a) 3 storey brick work educational 16 a) 4 storey brick work educational institution institution b) 2 storey brick billet b) 2 storey masonry library c) 1 storey brick shooting range c) 1 storey brick work sports hall 2 a) 2 storey brick work shop 17 a) 2 storey brick work drug shop b) 4 storey brick work educational b) 5 storey monolithic residential unit institution c) 4 storey brick work educational c) 3 storey masonry beauty shop institution 3 a) 2 storey timber library 18 a) 5 storey brick work carpenter's b) 3 storey brick work educational workshop institution b) 3 storey masonry café c) 3 storey timber panel bricked c) 2 storey brick work educational residential unit institution 4 a) 2 storey brick work educational 19 a) 4 storey brick work educational institution institution b) 5 storey stone storehouse b) 3 storey masonry billet c) 1 storey masonry parking house c) 2 storey brick work sports hall
5 a) 4 storey modular rehabilitation 20 a) 2 storey log café center b) 3 storey brick work educational b) 4 storey brick work educational institution institution c) 3 storey modular municipality c) 1 storey modular sports hall 6 a) 4 storey brick work educational 21 a) 2 storey brick work educational institution institution b) 2 storey timber shop b) 1 storey masonry drug shop c) 3 storey stone residential unit c) 2 storey modular nursing house 7 a) 10 storey monolithic residential 22 a) 1 storey timber panel bricked archive unit b) 4 storey brick work educational b) 1 storey brick work educational institution institution c) 2 storey metal structured court c) 9 storey modular institute 8 a) 4 storey stone archive 23 a) 1 storey monolithic parking garage b) 3 storey brick work educational b) 2 storey brick work educational institution institution c) 2 storey timber panel bricked c) 2 storey metal structured storehouse wash house 9 a) 4 storey brick work educational 24 a) 5 storey metal structured shopping institution center b) 2 storey Modular residential unit b) 2 storey brick work educational c) 2 storey metal structured institution planetarium c) 2 storey brick work restaurant
10 a) 2 storey timber shop 25 a)4 storey brick work educational b) 3 storey brick work educational institution institution b) 1 storey timber framed hotel c) 2 storey timber framed residential c) 1 storey metal structured bank unit a)3 storey brick work educational 26 a)2 storey timber post office 11 institution b) 3 storey stone sewing house b) 1 storey stone parking garage c)1 storey brick work educational c) 1 storey modular fuel station institution 12 a)3 storey brick work educational 27 a) 4 storey brick work educational institution institution b) 2 storey stone cinema b) 3 storey modular custom house c) 3 storey Modular hospital c) 4 storey brick work educational institution 13 a)2 storey monolithic holiday house 28 a) 1 storey stone drug house b) 4 storey brick work educational b) 4 storey brick work educational institution institution c) 2 storey metal structured skating- c) 2 storey timber exhibition hall rink 14 a)1 storey metal structured 29 a) 4 storey brick work educational glasshouse institution b) 1 storey timber residential unit b) 1 storey metal structured skating- c) 2 storey radio and TV building rink c) 2 storey masonry hospital 15 a)4 storey brick work carpenter's 30 a)1 storey timber residential unit workshop b) 4 storey brick work educational b) 3 storey masonry sports hall institution c) 1 storey brick work educational c) 3 storey metal structured recreation institution centre TASK DATA to be used for drawing of the floor layout: Provided layout (plan) of an “N” floor M 1:100
Length Width No B , C , m m 1. 11.20 10.00 2. 11.50 10.80 3. 11.80 10.50 4. 11.00 10.20 5. 10.20 11.00 6. 10.50 11.80 7. 10.80 11.50 8. 10.00 11.20 9. 11.20 10.80 10. 11.50 10.50 11. 11.80 10.20 12. 11.00 10.00 13. 10.20 11.80 14. 10.50 11.00 15. 10.80 11.50 16. 15.00 11.20 17. 11.20 11.00 18. 11.50 11.80 19. 11.80 11.50 B 20. 11.00 11.20 21. 11.20 11.50 22. 11.50 11.20 23. 11.80 11.80 Thickness of outer walls of an „N“ floor – 510 mm 24. 11.00 11.00 Thickness of inner partitions – 200 mm 25. 10.20 9.50 26. 10.50 9.80 27. 10.80 9.20 28. 10.00 9.00 29. 11.20 10.50 30. 11.50 10.00
NUMBERING AND DESIGNATION OF ROOMS Rooms in layouts of floors of residential units shall be numbered as follows: 1. Numbers of dwelling unit and premises in numeric characters, e.g.: 2-2 the first character means number of the dwelling unit, the second one – number of a premise inside the dwelling unit; 2. Premises for general use, i.e. corridors, tambours, etc. that are used by owners of several dwelling units shall be designated as a-1, a-2, etc. 3. Garage premises shall be designated as G-1, G-2, etc. 4. Non-residential premises in buildings shall be designated as 4-1, the first character means the floor number, the second one – number of the premise located at the same floor; 5. Basements shall be designated as R-1, R-2, etc., semibasements P-1, P-2, etc. 6. Under the number it is obligatory to draw a line and indicate area of particular premise. Rooms in layouts of floors of residential units shall be numbered starting from the building entrance or entrance to the separate premise, and then clock-wise. Annex 2 1A TEMPLATE
Cadastral data of the main building , its elements and additional building
Address
Unique No
Cadastral data Main building Basement (subbasement) Attic-floor room Registration of data X X Designation Purpose X X Name X X Year of the construction beginning: Year of the construction completion: Year of the reconstruction beginning. Year of the reconstruction completion: Completion percent: % Number of floors: Volume: cu. m Total area : sq. m Foundation: Walls: Flooring: Roof structure: Roof coating: Outside finish : Partitions: Floors: Windows: Doors: Inside finish : Heating: Water supply: Sewage discharge: Gas: Hot water : Electricity: Kitchen stove: Bathroom: Ventilation and conditioning: Entire building Total area : sq. m Completion percent: % Volume: cu. m X- coordinate : Built-up plot: sq. m Y- coordinate: Area, brutto: sq. m Developed by: L.S Checked by:
Date MAIN DESIGNATED TARGET PURPOSE OF BUILDINGS
CLASSIFICATION OF DESIGNATED PURPOSE OF BUILDINGS Annex 3
No Designation of a building on a plan PURPOSE PURPOSE DESCRIPTION in accordance with its purpose 1. Residential (Single Building for one family (private residential houses) family units) A 2. Residential (Two- Building for two families (duplex) family houses) A 3. Residential (Multi- Building for three or more families (block of flats) family apartment A houses) 4. Residential (for Units for persons of various social status categories persons of various (dormitories, orphan asylums, almshouses, custody N social status houses, matrimonial homes, abbeys, etc.) categories ) 1. Hotels Units for temporary residence (hotels, motels, etc.) V 2. Administrative Buildings intended for administrative purposes (banks, post office, state and municipality institutions, B embassies, courts, other administrative buildings of institutions and organisations) 3. Business Buildings intended for distributive industries (shops, E gas stations, drug stores, pavilions, etc.) 4. Service Buildings intended for provision of services, including L domestic services (baths, beauty shops, wash houses, repair workshops, funeral homes, etc.) 5. Catering Buildings intended for catering (restaurants, cafeterias, M cafes, pubs, etc.) 6. Transport Buildings intended for transport services,- related to transport services (airports, sea and river ports, railroad and bus stations, traffic posts, dispatch rooms, turnout T posts, port terminals, signal transfer posts lighthouses, custom houses, etc.) 7. Garage Buildings intended for vehicle parking (parking lots, G wagon depots, bus and trolley garages, aircraft hangars) 8. Production, Buildings (factories, workshops, processing companies, P industry blacksmiths shops, butcher's halls, etc.) 9. Stocking Buildings the main purpose of which is stocking of F goods (storage facilities, general purpose warehouses, specialized warehouses, other facilities used for storing of goods) Cultural Buildings intended for cultural purposes (cinemas, C 10. recreation centres, clubs, libraries, archives, museums, exhibition halls, planetariums, radio and TV buildings, etc.) Educational Buildings intended for educational and outreach 11. activities (institutes and research institutions, observatories, meteorological reporting points, C laboratories, comprehensive schools, professional and high education schools, child day care centres, day nurseries, etc.) Medical Buildings intended for medical purposes – nursing, 12. medical attendance (hospitals, clinics, outpatient D hospitals, health resorts, rehabilitation centers, health care buildings of specialized institutions, medical attendance institutions, veterinaries, etc.) 13. Recreational Buildings intended for recreation (camps, vacation K houses, summer houses, hunting lodges, etc.) 14. Sporting Buildings intended for sporting (sports halls, sport arenas, tennis courts, swimming pools, yacht clubs, U skating-rinks, shooting ranges, stadiums, riding halls, etc.) Religious Buildings intended for religious purposes (churches, 15. chapels, synagogues, prayer houses, cathedras, etc.) R Special Buildings intended for special purposes (barracks, 16. prisons, trial centres, detoxification centres, police, fire O engineering services, shelters, border checkpoints, technical lookout tower, etc.) Auxiliary Auxiliary buildings of homesteads (sheds, barns, I 17. warehouses, garages, cookhouses, etc.) Other (farms) Buildings intended for cattle breeding, poultry breeding Ž 18. (pigsty, barn, stables, calf houses, poultry houses, etc.) 19. Other (utility) Buildings intended for agricultural purposes (granaries, I hangars, garages, etc.) 20. Other (glasshouses) Buildings intended for plant-growing purposes Š (glasshouses, greenhouses, winter gardens, etc.) 21. Other (gardens) Buildings in communities of gardening (garden houses, S etc.) Other All other construction works, which are not buildings H 22. reckoned among other categories specified herein.
Designation of building in accordance with building materials used for walls: p - stone (masonry, brick) ; m – timber (log); b – modular; t – monolithic; g – metal structured; ž – timber framed, timber panel, other unmentioned herein; ž (p) – timber framed bricked or timber panel unbricked.
Review Questions: 1. Which symbols are included in designation of building on a plan? 2. Which symbols are used for premised designation on a plan? 3. Which order shall be maintained while indicating dimensions of buildings? 4. Which order shall be maintained while indicating dimensions of premises? 5. Which methods shall be applied in order to determine build-up plot? 6. Which methods shall be applied in order to calculate volume of a building? 7. Which methods shall be applied in order to calculate total area, brutto area? 8. Which documents justify the selection of a letter used for indication of purpose?
LITERATURE:
Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno In other Publication place, No number of information source kolegija In rooms librarie date publishing (publication) library s office *
( tick the source )
General information sources 1. 2010 Lietuvos respublikos statybos www.am.lt √ √ √ įstatymas 2 2000 Statini ų kadastro matavim ų ir Vilnius, √ √ √ apskaitos metodika. Aplinkos Rekona apsaugos ministerija. 3 Organizaciniai tvarkomieji www.am.lt √ √ √ statybos techniniai reglamentai Additional information sources 4 1999 *D.C.ELLISON, John Wiley √ - √ W.C.HUNTINGTON, &Sons, Snc R.E.MICKEDEIT. Building Construction. Materials and Type of Construction. Internet sources of information 5 www.am.lt * Information sources for foreign students
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 6 Topic: UTILITIES IN TOPOGRAPHICAL EXPRESSION
1. Aim of Practical Work : to familiarize students with the procedure of field utility designation; teach students to interpret topographic plan. 2. Tasks of Practical Work: - to mark existing utilities in topographic plan at M 1: 500 scale with appropriate colours (use Technical regulation GKTR 2.11.02.2000); - to fill in the table including 5 reference designations electively (in topographic plan) and name them (example is provided in Table 1); - to answer questions in regard existing reference designations of utilities.
3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization . 4. Assessment of Practical Work:
Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Table 1
No Item Reference designations 1 Cable of underground trolleybus overhead contact system 2 Chamber of heating network and its number
3 Gas-main pipeline
4 Drain well and its number
5 Rain water grids and their numbers
UTILITIES Technical Regulation GKTR 2.11.02:2000 Reference designations of topographic plans M 1:500 and M 1:1000 No Item Reference designations M 1:500 and M 1:1000 1 Water supply system (numbers 21, 25 – numbers of facilities, 1, 2 – numbers of pipes): 1) well and its number; 2) chamber and its number; 3) hydrant and its number; 4) valve; 5) water supply line and its characteristics (number – pipe diameter, mm)
2 Domestic sewage: 1) well and its number; 2) control device and its number; 3) sewage line and its characteristics.
3 Rain water sewage: 1) well and its number; 2) control device and its number; 3) sewage line and its characteristics
No Item Reference designations M 1:500 and M 1:1000 4 Waste water sewer and its characteristics: 1) indicated at a scale (number – number of a hatch); 2) do not indicated at a scale (numbers – height and width of a waste water sewer, mm)
5 Pressure sewage and its characteristics: numbers – number of a hatch and diameter of a line
6 Drainage: 1) well and its number; 2) drainage line and its characteristics
7 Gas pipeline: 1) well and its number; 2) hydraulic valve and its number; 3) condensate drain tank and its number; 4) overflow tube and its number; 5) check conductor and its number
6) gas supply line; 7) gas pipeline in a protective pipe; 8) aboveground gas pipeline
No Item Reference designations M 1:500 and M 1:1000 8 Trunk routes: 1) gas pipeline – Dj; 2) petrol pipe - Nf
9 Valve unit
10 Gas distribution facility
11 Control measuring column
12 Kilometer gas pipeline designation
13 Gas vent
14 Heating network: 1) chamber and its number; 2) network laid in soil and its characteristics; 3) network laid in channel and its characteristics; 4) stable support
15 Collecting pipe – tunnel: 1) chamber and its number; 2) collecting pipe – tunnel and its characteristics: numbers – height, width; 3) cross-section place (sketch)
16 Cable lines: 1) communications line and its characteristics; 2) low-voltage electrical line and its characteristics (a – couple)
No Item Reference designations M 1:500 and M 1:1000 17 Cable of underground trolleybus overhead contact system
18 Cable high-voltage electrical lines: 1) well and its number; 2) high-voltage electrical line and its characteristics; 3) high-voltage electrical line in a protective pipe and its characteristics
19 Signal cable (control) and its characteristics
20 Cables laid in a single trench: 1) taking the area which could not be drawn applying particular scale; 2) taking the area which could be drawn applying particular scale; 3) (3 and 5 number of cables) 21 Cables laid in pipes: (5 number of cables)
22 Gas-supply pipe (internal) and its characteristics
23 Pressurized air line and its characteristics
24 Oil product line and its characteristics
25 Ground network of transformers and other facilities (a – electrode)
26 Protection against corrosion: 1) contact device; 2) protector; 3) cathode-station; 4) anodic grounding
COLOUR DESIGNATION OF UTILITIES:
UTILITY COLOUR Gas supply pipeline Blue Electrical network Red Domestic and household Brown sewage network Rain water sewage network Brown and blind drainage Petrol pipeline Black Communications Black Heat pipeline Blue water supply pipeline Green
Review questions: 1. What reference designators (graphic and colour) shall be used for designation of utilities (gas supply pipelines, electrical lines, domestic and rain water sewage networks, drainage, petrol pipeline, communications, water supply pipelines) ? 2. When appropriate protective pipe shall be installed? 3. What is the purpose of heat pipeline compensating valve? What is the designation? 4. Answer any question about the facility designated in topographic plan using appropriate reference designator. 5. Horizontal distances (M 1:500) between laid utilities? 6. Vertical distances in case of several networks?
LITERATURE : Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno In other Publication place, No number of information source kolegija In rooms librarie date publishing (publication) library s office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas √ √ √ Česlovas; NESECKAS Algirdas. Vilnius , 2005 Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai; Technika mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 Technini ų reikalavim ų www.am.lt √ √ √ 2 reglamentas. GKTR 2.11.02.2000. 2000 Sutartiniai topografini ų plan ų M1:500,M1:1000, M 1:2000 ir 1:5000 ženklai. 3 Statybos techninis reglamentas √ √ 2003 Vilnius STR 2.07.01:2003. Vandentiekis ir nuotek ų šalintuvas. Pastato inžinerin ės sistemos. Lauko inžineriniai tinklai. Additional information sources 4 * Quaschning V. Understanding London, 2004 renewable energy systems. √ √ Earthscan ISBN 978-1-84407-128-9 5 BURINSKIEN Ė Marija; JAKOVLEVAS-MATECKIS Vilnius , √ 2003 √ K.,ADOMAVI ČIUS V....[ et al ]. Technika Miestotvarka. ISBN 9986056144 Internet sources of information 7 www.am.lt 8 www.dujos.lt 9 www.le.lt 10 www.lvta.lt
* Information sources for foreign students
Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
Higher Education Institution: Kauno Kolegija/University of Applied Sciences Title of a study programme: Geodesy Study Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications
PRACTICAL WORK No 7 Topic: PROFILE OF UTILITIES
1. Aim of Practical Work : to teach students to design a profile of field utilities. 2. Tasks of Practical Work: to draw profile of the utility (rain water or domestic sewage) in accordance with the provided topographic plan at M 1: 500 scale and fill in well inventory file (Annex 3), [3]. 3. Innovative Methods to be Applied for Practical Work: demonstration, summarization . 4. Assessment of Practical Work: Assessment Scale (in points) / Objectives achievement level 9 – 10 7 – 8 6 – 5 1 – 4 The highest objective Intermediate objective Minimum, compulsory, Unsatisfactory objective achievement level achievement level objective achievement level achievement level Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who Evaluation of students who has reached the overall has reached the overall has reached the half of Poor execution of the objectives of a specific objectives of a specific objectives of a specific assignment individual work. individual work. individual work.
The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been The assignment has been performed correctly. performed correctly. performed. There are some performed. There are major mistakes. mistakes.
Excellent formalization of Sufficient formalization of Sufficient formalization of Insufficient formalization work. work. work. of work.
Has answered all question Minor mistakes are Minor mistakes are Student has not answered in the course of defence acceptable in the course of acceptable in the course of questions. Does not know fully, correctly, logically. Is defence. Student has defence. Student has basics of the subject or able to use knowledge and answered more than one answered more than a half make efforts. apply skills. third of asked questions. of asked questions.
Layout principles applied to underground networks. Utilities shall be laid in soil provided that there is a possibility to lay them non-simultaneously but in turns preserving the integrity of already laid utilities. Generally utilities are laid as follows: cable are laid near the façade line (at pavement area); then gas supply pipelines, heating networks and water supply pipelines; rain water and domestic sewage discharge pipelines in the center of a street. The smallest depth shall be maintained for communication cables, communications ductwork and electric cables shall be laid at a medium depth. Deepening of underground heat supply networks, water supply networks, gas supply networks, gravity rain water and domestic sewerage system shall reach 8 m depending on land configuration. Profiles of utilities are obligatory drawn for gas supply pipelines; profiles of gravity rain water and domestic sewerage systems are draw under the request of the employer. Profiles shall include altitudes of the ground, cover, bottom, and pipes; diameters of pipes, distances between wells, and pitch of pipes, etc. Example of drawn profile is shown in Annex 1. LINKING OF UTILITIES Horizontal distance between the water supply pipe installed outside the building and the following facilities shall be: 1) 5.0 m to the outer wall of a building; 2) 1.5 m to the domestic or industrial sewage systems if the diameter of a pipe is up to 200 mm, and 3.0 m – if the diameter exceeds 200 mm; 3) 1.5 m to the rain water discharge system, drainage, heat supply networks; 4) 1.0 m to the low and medium pressure gas supply pipelines or electrical cables; 5) 2.0 m to tree trunks (distance to scrubs is unlimited); Vertical distance between surfaces of a water supply pipe and other communications shall not be smaller than: 1) 0.2 m to pipes of other purpose (except sewage conduits); 2) 0.5 m to cables. Distance could be reduced to 0.25 m if cables are laid in plastic or other casings, in case of crossing of electrical cables, and 0.15 m to communication cables; 3) drinking water pipeline shall be laid 0.4 m above sewage conduits. If the diameter of water supply pipe does not exceed 150 mm, sewage conduit could be located above the pipe still not closer than 0.5 m. In other cases water supply pipelines shall be installed using steel pipes with protective casing laid in tray of 10 – 20 mm length, depending on the soil. Water supply distribution pipeline inside the quarter (quarter network) shall be made from pressurized cast-ferrous pipes (steel or PVC on occasion) laid in soil or channels along with other communications. The bottom part of a pipe laid in soil shall be 0.5 m lower than the maximum limit of soil freezing, i.e. at 1.8 – 2.0 m depth. Wells of field water supply system shall be installed above the fitting. Wells shall be round; diameter of wells shall not exceed 2000 mm, in case if greater diameters wells shall be quadrangular. Height of a processing chamber of a well shall be greater than 1.5 m, opening shall be made from r/c rings of 700 mm diameter. Well shall be covered with hatch and cover.
Task data: Table 1 No Deepening Pipeline No Deepening Pipeline of well, m pitch,‰ of well, m pitch, ‰ 1 1.80 2.9 14 3.10 2.9 2 1.90 3.1 15 3.20 3.4 3 2.00 3.6 16 3.30 3.3 4 2.10 3.5 17 3.40 3.2 5 2.20 3.4 18 3.50 3.1 6 2.30 3.3 19 3.60 3.6 7 2.40 3.2 20 3.70 3.5 8 2.50 3.1 21 3.80 3.4 9 2.60 3.6 22 3.90 3.3 10 2.70 3.5 23 4.00 3.2 11 2.80 2.9 24 4.10 3.1 12 2.90 3.4 25 4.20 3.0 13 3.00 3.3 26 4.40 2.9
PROFILE OF UTILITIES Annex 1
(example)
Table 2 DOMESTIC SEWAGE SYSTEM WELL INVENTORY FILE (EXAMPLE)
Annex 3 WELL INVENTORY FILE
______No. FILE (communication) (facility)
______(City) (Street) (List of field plotter)
WELL CROSS-SECTIONS (Dimensions in meters) CLAMPING CIRCUIT
Vertical Horizontal Name Material Diameter Distance to cover Altitudes Cover Stairs ...... (material, quantity) Ground Is there any water? ...... Walls Is there any gas? ...... Comments...... Bottom ...... No 1 Top Bottom No 2 Top Bottom No 3 Top (Title of organisation executed research work) Bottom No 4 Top File if Bottom filled Pipes Pipes No 5 Top by ______Bottom (signature) (surname) No 6 Top Bottom No 7 Top (Date of investigation) Bottom
Review Questions: 1. Does the altitude of a well cover located on the street coincide with the altitude of a ground surface? 2. Which data indicated in the topographic plan means water flow direction inside the gravity sewerage system? 3. Which vertical and horizontal distances shall be maintained during linking of utilities? 4. Which method shall be applied in order to determine altitudes of wells located downstream and upstream if there is a value of altitude of a single well tray and pitch? 5. Explain and justify data included in the well inventory file. 6. What is the procedure of well deepening determination, number of stairs, and what does the opening mean? LITERATURE : Publication Author, title and identification In Kauno In other Publication place, No number of information source kolegija In rooms librarie date publishing (publication) library s office * ( tick the source ) General information sources 1 AKSAMITAUSKAS Vladislovas √ √ √ Česlovas; NESECKAS Algirdas. Vilnius , 2005 Požeminiai inžineriniai tinklai; Technika mokomoji knyga. ISBN 9986-05-871-6 Technini ų reikalavim ų www.am.lt √ √ √ 2 reglamentas. GKTR 2.11.02.2000. 2000 Sutartiniai topografini ų plan ų M1:500,M1:1000, M 1:2000 ir 1:5000 ženklai. 3 Statybos techninis reglamentas √ √ STR 2.07.01:2003. Vandentiekis ir 2003 nuotek ų šalintuvas. Pastato Vilnius inžinerin ės sistemos. Lauko inžineriniai tinklai. Additional information sources 4 * Quaschning V. Understanding London, 2004 renewable energy systems. √ √ Earthscan ISBN 978-1-84407-128-9 5 BURINSKIEN Ė Marija; JAKOVLEVAS-MATECKIS √ Vilnius , 2003 K.,ADOMAVI ČIUS V....[ et al ]. √ Technika Miestotvarka. ISBN 9986056144 6 LUKIANAS, Antanas; PEKUS, Rymantas; SABAS, Gintautas. Vilnius , 2006 Skys čių mechanika ir √ √ Technika vandentiekis. ISBN 9789986059752 Internet sources of information 7 www.am.lt 8 www.dujos.lt 9 www.le.lt 10 www.lvta.lt * Information sources for foreign students Developed by the lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT
APPROVED:______
Date: ______2012 Lecturer ______Ines ė Kubili ūtė Variant No _____ (signature)
______students of ______group (name, surname, signature)
BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
1 interim assessment
Task. Take the answer out of several variants: select the appropriate letter indicating the correct ending of provided statement and mark it with number and variant letter; end the statement.
1. What does the “building” mean?
2. Which activity could be named as “construction”?
3. What is the division of building elements in regard to their layout? Provide concrete examples.
4. It is the ______roof structure (indicate) name layers top to bottom:
1 –
2 and 3 –
4 –
5 –
6 - 5. Which heat-insulating material is better for heat insulation? a) with low heat conductivity and high heat-transfer resistance; b) with high heat conductivity, and low heat-transfer resistance;
6. What does the relative zero altitude in construction mean?
7. Foundation of which construction work is shown on the drawing?
8. What is the name of indicated girder section?
a) T-shaped b) Beam c) Double T-shaped 9. Chip boards are made from: a) different wood waste mixed with cement b) different wood waste mixed with gypsum c) different wood waste mixed with special bonding agent
10. Production of heat energy for buildings and production process increases emission of CO 2. Could the application of heat-insulating materials solve the above environmental problem? a) Yes; b) No; 11. What does the “sole plate” mean?
12. Which structure is named as “partition”?
13. Which method shall be applied in order to determine the height of a storey?
14. Which element is named as a “link beam”?
15. There is a room with windows the floor area of which is at 0.8 m under the surface level. What is the name of the above room?
16. Enforcement of wood structures using antipyren materials means: a) protection against fire; b) protection against decay; b) protection against humidity
17. What are the dimensions of standard (single layer) brick, mm?
a) 250 x120 x 65 b) 220 x 110 x 65 c) 200 x 100 x 65
Assessment: questions No. 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 – 0.5 point each Užduot į pareng ė question No 4 - 2 points Tasks are developed by lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė 2012-10-20
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT
APPROVED:______
Date: ______2012 Lecturer ______Ines ė Kubili ūtė Variant No _____ (signature)
______students of ______group (name, surname, signature)
BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
2 interim assessment
Task. Take the answer out of several variants: select the appropriate letter indicating the correct ending of provided statement and mark it with number and variant letter; end the statement.
1. The main disadvantage of branched heat supply system in comparison with the ring heating system is: a) insufficient reliability of heat supply to end users in case of emergency; b) higher installation costs.
2. In terms of pressure engineering (sewage) networks could be divided into the following groups: a) b)
3. Could the water supply network be named as water consumer? a) Yes; b) No.
4. What is the classification of urban utilities in terms of character?
a) b) c)
5. Electric energy could be supplied to the consumer through the energy meter: a) 380 V three-phase or single-phase 220 V system; b) 380 V three-phase or single-phase 220 V system.
6. Water conditioning facilities shall be constructed in order: a) to treat sewages; b) to improve quality of drinking water; c) both statements are correct 7. The name of provided facility is ______(indicate)
Name components indicated by the following numbers 4, 9, 11, 13 :
4-
9-
11-
13-
8. What is indicated by numbers on the well chart?
2 –
4 –
6 -
7 –
9. What is the name of the river and water supply network intersection? a) dealer; b) driver; c) pipe subway;
10. What pipe fitting is shown in this figure? ______
(indicate)
11. In case of water supply network and rail road intersection both sides of the rail road shall be equipped with wells. What is the distance between the well and the rail? a) not shorter than 1 m; b) not shorter than 2 m; c) not shorter than 5 m. 12. Water quantity for process water consumers shall be determined in accordance with the following standards: a) b) c)
13. Fire mains should not be installed in the following cases: ______( indicate) ______
______
14. Name all facilities indicated in surface water supply system diagram:
1- 2a – 3 – 4 – 2b – 5 – 6 – 7 -
15. According to Lithuanian standards it is recommended to lay water supply pipelines at the depth of ______or bigger. (indicate) Assessment: questions No.1 – 6,9,10,11,12,13,15 0.5 point each questions No. 7,8 1 point each questions No. 14 2 points each Tasks are developed by lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė 2012 10 2
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT
APPROVED Head of the Geodesy Department ______Birut ė Nenortait ė
Mode of studies: Full-time Study programme: Geodesy Subject: Basics of Construction and Underground Communications Group: GD ( GDI ) Semester: 4 Lecturer: Ines ė Kubili ūtė Assessment Method: Examination
Date of Assessment: January, 2013.
Achieved Aims of the Subject to be assessed during the execution of a task: 1. To recognize and name building components, their elements. 2. Be able to name construction materials, know their properties, applicability. 3. To know different types of underground communications; name and apply requirements established for system design. Be able to interpret technical drawings, know peculiarities of utilities operation and main differences.
Lecturer ______Ines ė Kubili ūtė (signature)
FACULTY OF LANDSCAPING GEODESY DEPARTMENT
ASSESSED:______
Date: ______2012 lecturer ______Ines ė Kubili ūtė Variant No _1_ (signature)
______student of ______group (name, surname, signature)
BASICS OF CONSTRUCTION AND UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS Examination (Part I – Theory Questions )
Task. Take the answer out of several variants: select the appropriate letter indicating the correct ending of provided statement and mark it with number and variant letter; end the statement. GOOD LUCK! 1. Name sections of galvanized steel beams (Fig. 1): a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Fig. 1 2. Protection of underground floor structures (Fig. 2 “1”) and rooms against capillary water and increase of underground water level could be solved in case of installation of :
2______
3______
Sole plate durability could be enhanced by the installation of:
4______2 pav.
3. Construction and Housing Department – is a division of the Ministry of: a) Environment; b) Construction; c) State Property;
4. Portland cement being the component of concrete is a: a) mineral binding material; b) organic binding material; c) mineral filling;
5. Passive house is a: a) stable structure, i.e. does not respond to soil level changes; b) building the maintenance of the internal normal temperature of which (min 20° C) within the year does not require active consumption of energy. Essential requirements for passive house – high heat-transfer resistance, tightness and recuperating ventilation system; c) building used as a living place of underachievers; 6. Bearing structures of a building: a) could withstand all types of loads and force impacts occurred in the building, and transfer them to the soil base through the foundation; b) could withstand gravity loads, and separate rooms from the negative impact of environment; 7. Building structures could be named as underground if they are located under the relative zero altitude, which is: a) current or designed ground level; b) level of the first floor flooring.
8. Beams in the framed building layout (Fig. 3) shall be arranged: a) longitudinally; b) transversally;
Fig. 3
9. Indicate structures marked as 1, 2, and 4 on the provided framed building layout (Fig. 3):
1- ______
2-______
4- ______
10. Resistance of a material with particular thickness to heat penetration is named as: a) heat-conductivity coefficient “λ”; b) heat-transfer resistance “R”; 11. Depth of a room means: a) floor level under the designed ground surface; b) distance between the door and the furthest nonsquare wall; c) height above the ground level to the basement ceiling; 12. Dip well means the well: a) installed omitting the requirement of Construction Technical Regulation with the cover not on a level with street or pavement surface; b) installed in order to minimize water drain deepening and water stream velocity in case of collector located deeper than connection line;
13. In Lithuania pipes of water supply networks shall be laid at a depth under the ground surface equal to: a) 0.5 – 0.7 m ; b) 1.8 – 2.0 m ; c) 2.8 – 3.0 m;
14. Which structure is shown in Figure 4? a) pipe subway; b) driver; c) dealer;
4 pav.
15. Sewage networks are equipped with septics, i.e.: a) tanks for sewage treatment caused by propagation of microorganisms; b) stop valves; c) pipes coated with anticorrosive material;
16. Sewage in nonpressure wells of sewage networks goes: a) by open conduits of half-round diameter; b) by closed (tight) pipes;
17. Compensator valve of a heat supply network: a) minimizes stress of pipe walls and loads imposed on static bearings, caused by thermal deformation; b) compensates heat losses caused by improper pipeline insulation;
18. Corrosion of steel gas supply pipelines means: a) gradual degradation of surface caused by electrochemical impact of the environment; b) forced ventilation of a network; c) altitude between pipeline and electric cable.
19. Overhead transmission lines: a) could not be used above the territory of schools, stadiums; b) could be used above the territory of schools, stadiums;
20. In case of non-channel underground heat supply routes the soil directly contacts with: a) external walls of a channel; b) insulating layer; c) wall of non-insulated pipe Examination (Part II – Practical Task )
21. Perform the following tasks on a provided cross-section DATA: of a building (Fig. 5): Thickness of flooring 300 mm a) marked altitudes and specify their values: - zero Height of a floor (storey) ______- top part of flooring m - bottom part of flooring - interim staircase landings Height of a stair ______mm b) calculate number of stairs Np to be installed in order to Height of a basement ______m get from the portal to the pavement Depth of a basement ______m
Fig. 5. Cross-section of a building
22. Corresponding symbols (Fig. 6) mark the a following (name): a) b b) Fig. 6.
23. Select appropriate pump and mark intersection point in the Brand kW Opening diagram (Fig. 7): EN6 1.1 G50 EN8 1.5 G50 ______EN12 2.2 G50 (indicate brand of a pump) EN17 3.0 G50 EN20 4.0 G50 Required water height EN24 4.0 G50 EN30 5.5 G50 ______m
Flow rate ______m 3 / hour
Fig. 7
24. Use the provided section of utilities (Fig. 8) in order to calculate and write down missed data (bottom altitude of a pipe/conduit, slope, length, distances, deepening of wells), and draw the pipe of required diameter:
Assessment of the examination : answers 1 - 20 0.2 point each answers 22, 23 1 point each answers 21,24 2 point each
Tasks are developed by lecturer Ines ė Kubili ūtė 2012 10 23
Use the provided section of utilities in order to calculate and write down missed data (bottom altitude of a pipe/conduit, slope, length, distances, deepening of wells), and draw the pipe of required diameter:
DATA TO BE USED FOR CALCULATIONS: Deepening of well No 2, m Slope, % Section of route between wells No 1 and No 2 Section of route between wells No 2 and No 3
BOTTOM ALTITUDE OF A PIPE/CONDUIT
DESIGNED GROUND SURFACE ALTITUDE
CURRENT GROUND SURFACE ALTITUDE
MARKING OF PIPES, TYPE OF INSULATION Cast iron d 500
BASE LENGTH (m) Sand underlayer, 20 cm SLOPE %
DISTANCES
CHARACTERISTIC POINTS OF No OF WELLS
Fig. 8. Section of Utilities