Pub TR4 20.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
i ,,,,, Thcoastal Environmental Profile of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay, Thailand Edited by James N.8 P v,<Sirikul Bunpapong, Alan T. Whi "andMarie Sol M. Sadorra Association of Southeast Asian Nations1 United States Coastal Resources Management Project Technical Publications Series 2 The Coastal Environmental Profile of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay, Thailand Edited by Published by the International Cenrer for Living Aquatic Resources Management on behalf of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations/Unired States Coastal Resout-ces Management Project PI-inted in Manila, Philippines Paw, J.N., S. Bunpapong, A.T. Wh~teand M.S.M. Sadorra, editors. 1988. The coastal environmental PI-ofile of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay,Thailand. ICLARM Techn~calRepot-ts 20. 78 p. International Center for Living Aquatic Hesources Management, Manila, Philippines. Cover: False color composite landsat images of Ban Don Bay and Phangnga Bay linked together to show the whole Upper South, Thailand. ISSN 01 15 -5547 ISBN 971-1022-40-0 ICLARM Contribution No. 424 Contents List of Figures ................................................................ vii ... List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................. VIII Acknowledgements ............................................................. ix Forewords ................................................................... xi Introduction. Teerayut Poopetch and James W. Evans ...................................... xiv Chapter 1. The Upper South: Physical Setting and Land Use. Sirikul Bunpapong and James N . Paw Location. Topography and Geology .......................................... 1 Climate ............................................................. 6 CatchmentArea ....................................................... 6 Land Use and Agriculture ................................................. 7 Mineral and Energy Resources .............................................. 8 Chapter 2 . Natural Resources and Environment Surface Water Resources. Nisakorn Kosirratana ................................... 10 Marine Environment. Manuwadi Hungspreugs and Prawin Limpsaichol ................... 14 Soi 1s. Pisoot Vijarnsorn ................................................... 17 Land Capability. Pisoot Vijarnsorn ............................................ 20 Mangrove Forests. Sanit Aksornkoae and Apisit Eiurnnoh ............................ 21 Wildlife and Protected Areas. Choompol Ngampongsai .............................. 26 Chapter 3 . Fisheries and Aquaculture: Resource and Economics Fisheries. Somporn Lohsawatkul ............................................ 30 Aquaculture. Niphond Haemaprasit and James N . Paw .............................. 32 Chapter 4 . Tourism: Resource and Economics. Robert Dobias . Surat Than1 Ma~nland.................................................... 37 SamuiandSatellitelslands ................................................ 39 Phuket ............................................................. 40 m Phangnga and Krabi ..................................................... 43 I0 Chapter 5 . Other Economic Sectors. Subarn Panvisavas. Praguyrur Sukumalachart and B Wilasinee Wongprasert Agriculture ............................................................ 45 Livestock ............................................................ 47 iii Industry ............................................................ 47 Trading and Service ..................................................... 48 Mining and Ports ....................................................... 48 Chapter 6 . Population. Winai Weerawattananon. George A . Attig and Shutima Ounock Demography .......................................................... 49 Culture ............................................................. 53 Employment ......................................................... 55 Chapter 7 . Institutional and Legal Framework. Arthorn Suphapodok and Sirikul Bunpapong Introduction .......................................................... 58 Laws and Regulations .................................................... 59 l nstitutions .......................................................... 61 Chapter 8 . Coastal Resources Management Issues and Plan Formulation. Alan T. White and Arthorn Suphapodok Project Boundaries and Limits .............................................. '64 Coastal Resources Management Issues ......................................... 65 Conceptual Framework for Coastal Area Management Planning ........................ 70 References List of Tables Geology of the Upper South Region. Thailand .............................. Summary of agricultural. forestry. fisheries. mineral and tourist-based production in the Upper South. Thailand ........................................... Comparison of the gross area (km2)of major land use categories in the Upper South. Thailand. in 1973. 1980 and 1982 ...................................... Hydrological characteristics of selected rivers in the Upper South. Thailand. in 1984 ..... Range of water quality parameters from K . Phum Duang. 1986 ................... List of wastewater sources in Surat Thani Province ........................... List of wastewater sources in Phangnga and Krabi ............................ Classification and land capability assessment of soils in the Upper South. Thailand ...... Area (ha) of mangrove forests in Ban Don Bay by provinces in 1979 ................ Area (ha) of mangrove forests in Phangnga Bay by provinces and districts (amphoe) in1979 ........................................................ Tree density (treeslha) of mangrove foresfs in Ban Don Bay in A . Khanom. Nakhon SiThammarat .................................................... Stem volume (m3/ha) of mangrove forests in Ban Don Bay in A . Khanom. Nakhon SiThammarat .................................................. 2.10 Average density (treeslha) of dominant mangrove species in limestone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga..................... 2.1 1 Average density (treeslha) of dominant mangrove species in shale and quartzitic area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ................. 2.12 Average density (treeslha) of dominant mangrove species in sandstone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga.Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ..................... 2.13 Average volume (m3/ha) of dominant mangrove species in limestone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga .......................... 2.14 Average volume (m3/ha) of dominant mangrove species in shale and quartzitic area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ................. 2.15 Average volume (m3/ha) of dominant mangrove species in sandstone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ................................ Seedling distribution (per ha) of mangrove forests of Ban Don Bay in A . Khanom. Nakhon Si Thammarat .................................................... Average density of mangrove seedlings (per ha) in limestone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ...................................... Average density of mangrove seedlings (per ha) in shale and quartzitic area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ................................ Average density of mangrove seedlings (per ha) in sandstone area from estuary to inland sites of Phangnga Bay. A . Muang. Phangnga ...................................... Protected areas in the Upper South. Thailand ..................................... Catch rate (kglhr) of valuable and trash fish in Phangnga Bay and the adjacent waters .......... Catch rate (kglhr) in the stations in Phangnga Bay and the adjacent waters .................. Blood cockle aquaculture production in Phangnga. 1979 -1984 ......................... Production of oysters in Phangnga. 1979.1984 .................................... Shrimp production (t)in Phangnga. 1979-1980 ................................... 3.6 Aquaculture production (t)of short-necked clam in the provinces. 1978-1984 .................. 3.7 Shrimp production It) in Krabi. 1978.1983 ......................................... 3.8 Shrimp production (t)in Surat Thani ............................................. 3.9 Production (t) of blood cockle in Surat Thani. 1979 -1984 ............................... 3.10 Production (t) of oysters in Surat Thani ............................................ 4.1 Forecasts on the number of hotel guests in the Upper South. Thailand ....................... 4.2 Income from tourism for Phuket. 1981-1983 ........................................ 4.3 Hotel guest volumes and percentages of hotels with over 50 rooms for major Phuket beaches and Phuket City in 1985 ................................................ 4.4 Comparison of increases in the number of hotel rooms in various Phuket locations ............... 5.1 Comparison of gross product in 1984 at constant 1972 prices of Phangnga. Phuket and Surat Thani with the Southern Region and the country (million baht) ........................ 5.2 Average income per person in Phangnga. Phuket and Surat Thani with the Southern Region and the country. 1984 .................................................. 5.3 Value of mineral products in Phuket as compared with the Southern Region and Thailand. ? 977-1980 ........................................................ 6.1 Population change of Surat Thani. 1979-1985 ......................................