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Serine Proteases with Altered Sensitivity to Activity-Modulating
(19) & (11) EP 2 045 321 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 08.04.2009 Bulletin 2009/15 C12N 9/00 (2006.01) C12N 15/00 (2006.01) C12Q 1/37 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 09150549.5 (22) Date of filing: 26.05.2006 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Haupts, Ulrich AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR 51519 Odenthal (DE) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI • Coco, Wayne SK TR 50737 Köln (DE) •Tebbe, Jan (30) Priority: 27.05.2005 EP 05104543 50733 Köln (DE) • Votsmeier, Christian (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in 50259 Pulheim (DE) accordance with Art. 76 EPC: • Scheidig, Andreas 06763303.2 / 1 883 696 50823 Köln (DE) (71) Applicant: Direvo Biotech AG (74) Representative: von Kreisler Selting Werner 50829 Köln (DE) Patentanwälte P.O. Box 10 22 41 (72) Inventors: 50462 Köln (DE) • Koltermann, André 82057 Icking (DE) Remarks: • Kettling, Ulrich This application was filed on 14-01-2009 as a 81477 München (DE) divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62. (54) Serine proteases with altered sensitivity to activity-modulating substances (57) The present invention provides variants of ser- screening of the library in the presence of one or several ine proteases of the S1 class with altered sensitivity to activity-modulating substances, selection of variants with one or more activity-modulating substances. A method altered sensitivity to one or several activity-modulating for the generation of such proteases is disclosed, com- substances and isolation of those polynucleotide se- prising the provision of a protease library encoding poly- quences that encode for the selected variants. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Midgut proteases from larval spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctutoae) Lee, Michael James How to cite: Lee, Michael James (1992) Midgut proteases from larval spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctutoae), Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5739/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk MIDGUT PROTEASES FROM LARVAL SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUTOAE) By Michael James Lee B.Sc. (Dunelm) The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be pubhshed without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. Being a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Durham. November, 1992 Hatfield College University of Durham 6 APR 1993 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work presented in this document is based on research carried out by me, and that no part has been previously submitted for a degree in this or any other university. -
Bioengineering Coagulation Factor Xa Substrate Specificity Into
Bioengineering Coagulation Factor Xa Substrate Specificity into Streptomyces griseus Trypsin by > Michael J. Page B.Sc, Carleton University, 1998 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2004 © Michael J. Page, 2004 Abstract Extended substrate specificity is exhibited by a number of highly evolved members of the SI peptidase family, such as the vertebrate blood coagulation proteases. Dissection of this substrate specificity has been hindered by the complexity and physiological requirements of these proteases. In order to understand the mechanisms of extended substrate specificity, a bacterial trypsin-like enzyme, Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT), was chosen as a scaffold for the introduction of extended substrate specificity through structure-based genetic engineering. Recombinant and mutant SGT proteases were produced in a B. subtilis expression system, which constitutively secretes active protease into the extracellular medium at greater than 15 mg/L of culture. Comparison of the recombinant wild-type protease to the natively produced enzyme demonstrated near identity in enzymatic and structural properties. To begin construction of a high specificity protease, four mutants in the S1 substrate binding pocket (T190A, T190S, T190V, and T190P) were produced and examined for differences in the Arg:Lys preference. Only the T190P mutant of SGT demonstrated a significant increase in PI arginine to lysine preference - a three-fold improvement to 16:1 - with only a minor reduction in catalytic activity (kcat reduction of 25%). -
A Genomic Analysis of Rat Proteases and Protease Inhibitors
A genomic analysis of rat proteases and protease inhibitors Xose S. Puente and Carlos López-Otín Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006-Oviedo, Spain Send correspondence to: Carlos López-Otín Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo 33006 Oviedo-SPAIN Tel. 34-985-104201; Fax: 34-985-103564 E-mail: [email protected] Proteases perform fundamental roles in multiple biological processes and are associated with a growing number of pathological conditions that involve abnormal or deficient functions of these enzymes. The availability of the rat genome sequence has opened the possibility to perform a global analysis of the complete protease repertoire or degradome of this model organism. The rat degradome consists of at least 626 proteases and homologs, which are distributed into five catalytic classes: 24 aspartic, 160 cysteine, 192 metallo, 221 serine, and 29 threonine proteases. Overall, this distribution is similar to that of the mouse degradome, but significatively more complex than that corresponding to the human degradome composed of 561 proteases and homologs. This increased complexity of the rat protease complement mainly derives from the expansion of several gene families including placental cathepsins, testases, kallikreins and hematopoietic serine proteases, involved in reproductive or immunological functions. These protease families have also evolved differently in the rat and mouse genomes and may contribute to explain some functional differences between these two closely related species. Likewise, genomic analysis of rat protease inhibitors has shown some differences with the mouse protease inhibitor complement and the marked expansion of families of cysteine and serine protease inhibitors in rat and mouse with respect to human. -
The Role of Elastases in Pancreatic Diseases
The role of elastases in pancreatic diseases Ph.D. Thesis Anna Zsófia Tóth M.D. Supervisors: Prof. Péter Hegyi, M.D., Ph D., D.Sc. Prof. Miklós Sahin-Tóth, M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc Doctoral School of Theoretical Medicine Szeged 2018. Content Content ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 3 2. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Exocrin pancreatic insufficiency ................................................................................. 5 2.2. Pancreatic elastases ...................................................................................................... 5 2.3. Pancreatic function tests based on detection of elastases ............................................ 7 2.4. Possible role of elastases in chronic pancreatitis ......................................................... 8 3. Aims .................................................................................................................................. 10 3.1. ScheBo Pancreatic Elastase 1 Test Study .................................................................. 10 3.2. Genetic analysis study ............................................................................................... 10 4. Materials and methods ..................................................................................................... -
Sequence and Evolutionary Analysis of the Human Trypsin Subfamily of Serine Peptidases
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1698 (2004) 77–86 www.bba-direct.com Sequence and evolutionary analysis of the human trypsin subfamily of serine peptidases George M. Yousefa,b, Marc B. Elliotta, Ari D. Kopolovica, Eman Serryc, Eleftherios P. Diamandisa,b,* a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5 b Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L5 c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Menoufiya University, Egypt Received 3 June 2003; received in revised form 1 October 2003; accepted 27 October 2003 Abstract Serine peptidases (SP) are peptidases with a uniquely activated serine residue in the substrate-binding site. SP can be classified into clans with distinct evolutionary histories and each clan further subdivided into families. We analyzed 79 proteins representing the S1A subfamily of human SP, obtained from different databases. Multiple alignment identified 87 highly conserved amino acid residues. In most cases of substitution, a residue of similar character was inserted, implying that the overall character of the local region was conserved. We also identified several conserved protein motifs. 7–13 cysteine positions, potentially forming disulfide bridges, were also found to be conserved. Most members are secreted as inactive (pro) forms with a trypsin-like cleavage site for activation. Substrate specificity was predicted to be trypsin-like for most members, with few chymotrypsin-like proteins. Phylogenetic analysis enabled us to classify members of the S1A subfamily into structurally related groups; this might also help to functionally sort members of this subfamily and give an idea about their possible functions. -
707 the Cell-Elastin-Elastase(S) Interacting Triade Directs Elastolysis W
[Frontiers in Bioscience 16, 707-722, January 1, 2011] The cell-elastin-elastase(s) interacting triade directs elastolysis William Hornebeck, Herve Emonard Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR 6237 CNRS, Faculte de Medecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Human elastases: definition, classification and properties 3.1. Serine peptidases 3.2. Cysteine peptidases 3.3. Metallopeptidases 4. Mechanism of elastolysis 4.1. Adsorption of elastases onto elastin 4.2. Ex vivo degradation of elastin by elastases 4.3. Cell-directed elastolysis 5. Elastin peptides as potent matrikines 5.1. The elastin-receptor complex 5.2. Dualism in elastin peptide properties 6. Role of fatty acids and heparin(s) in the control of elastases 7. Concluding remarks 8. Acknowledgements 9. References 1. ABSTRACT 2. INTRODUCTION Human elastases have been identified within Fragmentation of elastic fibers is a hallmark of serine, cysteine and metallopeptidase families. These cardio-vascular diseases (1, 2) and emphysema (3). It is enzymes are able to adsorb rapidly onto elastin, but they also observed in skin during intrinsic ageing (4) and can also bind onto cell surface-associated proteins such as melanoma progression (5). These alterations are attributed heparan sulfate proteoglycans, both interactions involving to the action of proteases designated as elastases. Elastases enzyme exosites distinct form active site. Immobilization of are defined as endopeptidases that can generate soluble elastin at the cell surface will create a sequestered peptides from elastin (6). Such a definition excludes microenvironment and will favour elastolysis. Generated proteases able to cleave only a few peptide bonds within elastin peptides are potent matrikines displaying dual the polymer but lacking the ability to release peptides to biological functions in physiopathology that are described appreciable extent. -
New Milk Protein-Derived Peptides with Potential Antimicrobial Activity: an Approach Based on Bioinformatic Studies
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 14531-14545; doi:10.3390/ijms150814531 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article New Milk Protein-Derived Peptides with Potential Antimicrobial Activity: An Approach Based on Bioinformatic Studies Bartłomiej Dziuba 1,* and Marta Dziuba 2 1 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Cieszynski Square 1, Olsztyn 10-957, Poland 2 University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Chair of Food Biochemistry, Cieszynski Square 1, Olsztyn 10-957, Poland; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-8-9523-3786. Received: 6 June 2014; in revised form: 14 July 2014 / Accepted: 16 July 2014 / Published: 20 August 2014 Abstract: New peptides with potential antimicrobial activity, encrypted in milk protein sequences, were searched for with the use of bioinformatic tools. The major milk proteins were hydrolyzed in silico by 28 enzymes. The obtained peptides were characterized by the following parameters: molecular weight, isoelectric point, composition and number of amino acid residues, net charge at pH 7.0, aliphatic index, instability index, Boman index, and GRAVY index, and compared with those calculated for known 416 antimicrobial peptides including 59 antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from milk proteins listed in the BIOPEP database. A simple analysis of physico-chemical properties and the values of biological activity indicators were insufficient to select potentially antimicrobial peptides released in silico from milk proteins by proteolytic enzymes. The final selection was made based on the results of multidimensional statistical analysis such as support vector machines (SVM), random forest (RF), artificial neural networks (ANN) and discriminant analysis (DA) available in the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides (CAMP database). -
Molecular Imaging of Breast Cancer
MOLECULAR IMAGING OF BREAST CANCER USING PARACEST MRI by BYUNGHEE YOO Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Advisor: Prof. Mark D. Pagel, Ph.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY August, 2007 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of ________________BYUNGHEE YOO_____________________ candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. (signed) Mark D. Pagel, Ph.D. (chair of the committee) Raymon F. Muzic, Ph.D. Suneel S. Apte, Ph.D. Xin Yu, Sc.D. (date) June 15, 2007 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © 2006 by Byunghee Yoo All rights reserved iii DEDICATION To my family and my mentors iv Table of Contents Title page …..……………………………………………………………..…………. …. i Committee signature …………..…………………………………………..………... …. ii Copyright……………………………………………………………………………. … iii Dedication ………………………………………………………………………..…. ….iv Table of Contents..………………………………………………………….….……. …..1 List of Tables..……………………………………………………………….…...…. …..4 List of Schemes…………………………………………………………….….….…. …..5 List of Figures……………………………………………………………….….….... …..6 Preface……………………………………………………………………….….….... …..8 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..….………... .…10 List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………….12 Abstract……………………………………………………………….……………... .....13 Chapter I. Introduction………………………………………………………………… ..15 1. Breast cancer and molecular MR imaging……………………………………. -
All Enzymes in BRENDA™ the Comprehensive Enzyme Information System
All enzymes in BRENDA™ The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System http://www.brenda-enzymes.org/index.php4?page=information/all_enzymes.php4 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.B1 D-arabitol-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.2 alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) 1.1.1.B3 (S)-specific secondary alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.3 homoserine dehydrogenase 1.1.1.B4 (R)-specific secondary alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.4 (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.5 acetoin dehydrogenase 1.1.1.B5 NADP-retinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.6 glycerol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.7 propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.8 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 1.1.1.9 D-xylulose reductase 1.1.1.10 L-xylulose reductase 1.1.1.11 D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.12 L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.13 L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.14 L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.15 D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.16 galactitol 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.17 mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.18 inositol 2-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.19 glucuronate reductase 1.1.1.20 glucuronolactone reductase 1.1.1.21 aldehyde reductase 1.1.1.22 UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase 1.1.1.23 histidinol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.24 quinate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.25 shikimate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.26 glyoxylate reductase 1.1.1.27 L-lactate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.28 D-lactate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.29 glycerate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.30 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.31 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase 1.1.1.32 mevaldate reductase 1.1.1.33 mevaldate reductase (NADPH) 1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) 1.1.1.35 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA -
In Vitro Hydrolysis by Pancreatic Elastases / and II Reduces
In vitro hydrolysis by pancreatic elastases / and II reduces β-lactoglobulin antigenicity M Gestin, C Desbois, Le Huërou-Luron, V Romé, Gwenola Le Drean, T Lengagne, L Roger, F Mendy, P Guilloteau To cite this version: M Gestin, C Desbois, Le Huërou-Luron, V Romé, Gwenola Le Drean, et al.. In vitro hydrolysis by pancreatic elastases / and II reduces β-lactoglobulin antigenicity. Le Lait, INRA Editions, 1997, 77 (3), pp.399-409. hal-00929534 HAL Id: hal-00929534 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00929534 Submitted on 1 Jan 1997 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Lait (1997) 77, 399-409 399 © Eisevier/INRA Original article ln vitro hydrolysis by pancreatic elastases 1 and II reduces p-Iactoglobulin antigenicity M Gestin1, C Desbois ', 1Le Huërou-Luron!" , V Romé 1, G Le Dréan ', T Lengagnc-, L Roger/, F Mendy", P Guilloteau ' 1 Laboratoire du Jeune Ruminant, INRA, 65, rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex; 2 Nutrinov, 85, rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex; 3 l, Place de Béarn, Saint-Cloud, France (Received 15 November 1996; accepted 19 December 1996) Summary - Bovine whey proteins such as œ-lactalbumin and ~-Iactoglobulin are with bovine caseins the most commonly used proteins in infant formulas owing to their high nutritional value. -
ACTA Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment. 8(1) 2009, 71-90
M PO RU LO IA N T O N R E U I M C S ACTA Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment. 8(1) 2009, 71-90 MILK PROTEINS AS PRECURSORS OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES Marta Dziuba, Bartłomiej Dziuba, Anna Iwaniak University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Abstract. Milk proteins, a source of bioactive peptides, are the subject of numerous re- search studies aiming to, among others, evaluate their properties as precursors of biologi- cally active peptides. Physiologically active peptides released from their precursors may interact with selected receptors and affect the overall condition and health of humans. By relying on the BIOPEP database of proteins and bioactive peptides, developed by the De- partment of Food Biochemistry at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (www.uwm.edu.pl/biochemia), the profiles of potential activity of milk proteins were de- termined and the function of those proteins as bioactive peptide precursors was evaluated based on a quantitative criterion, i.e. the occurrence frequency of bioactive fragments (A). The study revealed that milk proteins are mainly a source of peptides with the following types of activity: antihypertensive (Amax = 0.225), immunomodulating (0.024), smooth muscle contracting (0.011), antioxidative (0.029), dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (0.148), opioid (0.073), opioid antagonistic (0.053), bonding and transporting metals and metal ions (0.024), antibacterial and antiviral (0.024), and antithrombotic (0.029). The en- zymes capable of releasing bioactive peptides from precursor proteins were determined for every type of activity. The results of the experiment indicate that milk proteins such as lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, -casein and -casein hydrolysed by trypsin can be a relatively abundant source of biologically active peptides.