DOCSLIB.ORG

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4608 Date: 2014-08-20 Ponomar Project Slavonic Computing Initiative Proposal to Encode Combining Glagolitic Letters in Unicode

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4608 Date: 2014-08-20 Ponomar Project Slavonic Computing Initiative Proposal to Encode Combining Glagolitic Letters in Unicode ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N4608 Date: 2014-08-20 Ponomar Project Slavonic Computing Initiative Proposal to Encode Combining Glagolitic Letters in Unicode Aleksandr Andreev* Heinz Miklas Yuri S%ardt Section 1. Introduction Glagolitic also kno&n as “Glagolitsa” is an alp%abetic writing s)stem used to record C%urc% Slavonic *IS+ 6-./0 code cu1 and other Slavic languages2 Originating in the 9t% centur) it is t%e earliest kno&n Slavonic alp%abet. The creation o4 t%e alp%abet is attributed to t%e younger o4 the teac%ers o4 the Slavs St. C)ril2 Glagolitic writing may be found in medi5val manuscripts and in printed liturgical books mostl) o4 a Croatian origin. In Bulgaria, Glagolitic was graduall) replaced b) t%e C)rillic alp%abet and t%is C)rillic alp%abet was subse7uentl) used also b) other Slavs2 For its part, t%e Glagolitic script has been preserved b) some communities in Croatia even up to the present. Extant Glagolitic te9ts are o4 enormous value to linguists pal5ograp%ers and sc%olars o4 liturgy2 Support for Glagolitic in t%e Unicode standard is re7uired for t&o purposes2 First, contemporar) specialists need to be able to typograp%icall) represent medi5val te9ts written in t%e Glagolitic script, both in printed matter (suc% as academic publications1 and in an electronic format (4or use &ith computer anal)sis suc% as string comparison wordlist generation and searc%ing12 To this end computer fonts t%at contain t%e repertoire o4 Glagolitic c%aracters must be created2 Second o&ing to the close relations%ip between the C)rillic and Glagolitic writing s)stems sc%olars have traditionall) represented Glagolitic te9ts also in C)rillic transcription. To facilitate the transliteration process an encoding model that parallels the model for the C)rillic script needs to be available for Glagolitic2 3e base repertoire o4 Glagolitic c%aracters has been included in the Unicode standard since version ;2<2 Nonet%eless this repertoire is incomplete because it lacks combining Glagolitic letters2 Suc% combining letters e9ist in t%e Glagolitic script and play a function t%at is analogous to their role in C)rillic – t%at is t%e) are used in abbreviations t%at are either space saving devices (4or e9ample commonl) written words are o?en abbreviated1 or in nomina sacra2 For full support o4 t%e Glagolitic &riting s)stem in Unicode as well as for proper interoperability between the implementations o4 t%e Glagolitic and C)rillic scripts we propose the encoding o4 t%ese combining c%aracters in an additional block entitled Glagolitic Extended-A2 Section 2. Proposed Characters 3e follo&ing table contains e9amples o4 combining Glagolitic letters that occur in various Glagolitic manuscripts and in printed literature2 We propose to encode t%e c%aracters as one block in the same codepoint order as the base Glagolitic letters encoded at UA0C<< and follo&ing. This allo&s for simple computer manipulation o4 Glagolitic c%aracters as well as leaving some encoding positions empty to be used in t%e unlikel) instance that additional combining c%aracters are discovered b) researc%ers and need to be encoded2 * Corresponding aut%or aleksandr.andreevBgmail.com2 Name Codepoint Appearance Location in Sources Combining Glagolitic UACE0<< ◌◌ Srez. p2 40D MissSin, C-vCE 4;rC,/CF Letter Azu ;Gv0<D PsDem 2Fv, 40rF 1CErG Combining Glagolitic UACE0<C ◌◌ Srez2 p2 2G;D MissSin, -ErC- ;.v0< Letter Buki Combining Glagolitic UACE0<0 ◌◌ Srez2 p2 5.D MissSin 7r0 20rC< 4<vC< Letter Vede G0rCFD PsDem 1<;rE Combining Glagolitic UACE0<- ◌◌ Srez. p2 2G;D PsDem, CCFrC Letter Glagoli Combining Glagolitic UACE0<; ◌◌ Srez2 p2 20ED MissSin 5;vC;D PsDem 2CvC Letter Dobro ;0rE 7ErC. 1-Cr. Combining Glagolitic UACE0<G ◌◌ Srez2 p2 G.D MissSin 2.r0< 4,rC0 Letter Yestu Combining Glagolitic UACE0<, ◌◌ Srez2 p2 8; Letter Zhivete Combining Glagolitic UACE0<E ◌◌ EuchSinV 1<-rC,m Letter Zemlja Combining Glagolitic UACE0<. ◌◌ Sre"2 p2 80 Letter Izhe Combining Glagolitic UACE0<A ◌◌ PsSinV 1FFrCE Letter Initial Izhe Combining Glagolitic UACE0<6 ◌◌ Srezn. p2 80 Letter I Combining Glagolitic UACE0<C ◌◌ Srezn. p2 8;D MissSin 1Ev, Letter Djervi Combining Glagolitic UACE0<H ◌◌ Srezn. p2 20;D PsDem 10,r0 Letter Kako Combining Glagolitic UACE0<E ◌◌ Srezn. p2 4< p2 40D PsDem GvCD MissSin2 Letter Ljudie -<v00 5CrCG Combinign Glagolitic UACE0<8 ◌◌ Srezn. p2 20;D PsDem 5<vCG 1<GrC. Letter Myslite CC-v-D MissSin 1-rCE Combining Glagolitic UACE0C< ◌◌ Srezn. p2 5.D PsDem 2Cv-D MissSin 2<v0- Letter Nashi Combining Glagolitic UACE0CC ◌◌ PsDem 10,r02D MissSin 4-vC; 4-v0C/0 Letter Onu Combinign Glagolitic UACE0C0 ◌◌ Srezn. p2 40 p2 2;ED MissSin 1-rCE 1-vC< Letter Pokoji Combining Glagolitic UACE0C- ◌◌ Srezn. p2 40D MissSin 3GvCG Letter Ritsi Combining Glagolitic UACE0C; ◌◌ Srezn. p2 20ED PsDem 10,r0; 10EvF Letter Slovo C0,r0; 10,vCE Combinign Glagolitic UACE0CG ◌◌ Sre"n2 p2 -, p2 ;0 G.; PsDem CCEr4D MissSin Letter Tvrido CEv- CFvC0 ;Gv0< ;,r1. Name Codepoint Appearance Location in Sources Combining Glagolitic UACE0C, ◌◌ MissSin 4-vC; Letter Uku Combining Glagolitic UACE0CF ◌◌ MissSin 2GrC- 2.rC; 3-r0- 4<rCG 20rC< Letter Fritu Combining Glagolitic UACE0CE ◌◌ MissSin 1.rC0 1-vCG 1FvC; Letter Heru Combining Glagolitic UACE0C6 ◌◌ MissSin 5Er, 70rIvE Letter Shta Combining Glagolitic UACE0CC ◌◌ Srezn. p2 5.D MissSin 1.rC0 Letter Tsi Combining Glagolitic UACE0CH ◌◌ MissSin 5-rG 4Gr./C< 3.vC- Letter Chrivi Combining Glagolitic UACE0CE ◌◌ Srezn. p2 20;D MissSin 2CrC0 1-rC 1FrCE Letter Sha 00vCE 2;r0- 2;*CG1vE Combining Glagolitic UACE0C8 ◌◌ MissSin 1Ev, Letter Yeru Combinign Glagolitic UACE00< ◌◌ Srezn. p2 40 Letter Yeri Combining Glagolitic UACE00C ◌◌ Srezn. p2 2;ED PsDem 8-rC,D MissSin Letter Yati ;<rCG Combining Glagolitic UACE00- ◌◌ Srezn. p2 2G; Letter Yu Combining Glagolitic UACE00; ◌◌ EuchSinV 30vCF 5CrCC Letter Small Yus Combining Glagolitic UACE00, ◌◌ Hoes not exist as a single c%aracter but is a Letter Yo component o4 UAE<0.2 Combining Glagolitic UACE00F ◌◌ Srezn. p2 2;ED MissSin 1.rC0 Letter Iotated Small Yus Combining Glagolitic UACE00E ◌◌ #ansvetov p2 -,0 *given b) #ansvetov in Letter Big Yus C)rillic transcription onl)1 Combining Glagolitic UACE00. ◌◌ EuchSinV 5rC< 1FrC 1FvCE 2Ev- 2.rCE Letter Iotated Big etc2 Yus Combining Glagolitic UACE00A ◌◌ Assem 10GvG 1;.v0GD (EuchSinV 8-vC; Letter Fita E;vCG 8Gv; for /4I1 3e follo&ing entries are proposed for addition to UnicodeHata.txt: 1E000;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E001;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BUKI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E002;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER VEDE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E003;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER GLAGOLI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E004;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DOBRO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E005;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YESTU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E006;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZHIVETE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E008;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ZEMLJA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E009;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IZHE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00A;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER INITIAL IZHE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00B;COMBINIGN GLAGOLITIC LETTER I;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00C;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER DJERVI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00D;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER KAKO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00E;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER LJUDIE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E00F;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER MYSLITE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E010;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER NASHI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E011;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER ONU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E012;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER POKOJI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E013;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER RITSI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E014;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SLOVO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E015;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TVRIDO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E016;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER UKU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E017;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FRITU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E018;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER HERU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E01B;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHTA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E01C;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER TSI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E01D;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER CHRIVI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E01E;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SHA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E01F;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E020;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YERI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E021;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YATI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E023;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E024;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER SMALL YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E026;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER YO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E027;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED SMALL YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E028;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER BIG YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E029;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER IOTATED BIG YUS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 1E02A;COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;; 3e follo&ing entries are proposed for addition to Scripts2txt: 1E000..1E02A ; Glagolitic # Mn [43] COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER AZU..COMBINING GLAGOLITIC LETTER FITA Section 3. Collation It is proposed that t%e de4ault collation order given b) the DUCET for Glagolitic c%aracters mimic the de4ault collation order for C)rillic c%aracters as follo&sJ ⰰ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰰ < ⰱ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰱ < ⰲ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰲ < ⰳ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰳ < ⰴ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰴ < ⰵ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰵ < ⰶ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰶ < ⰷ <<< Ⰷ < ⰸ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰸ < ⰹ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰹ < ⰺ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰺ < ⰻ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰻ < ⰼ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰼ < ⰽ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰽ < ⰾ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰾ < ⰿ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⰿ < ⱀ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱀ < ⱁ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱁ < ⱂ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱂ < ⱃ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱃ < ⱄ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱄ < ⱅ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱅ < ⱆ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱆ < ⱇ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱇ < ⱈ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱈ < ⱉ <<< Ⱉ < ⱊ <<< Ⱊ < ⱋ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱋ < ⱌ <<< ◌◌ <<< Ⱌ < ⱍ <<< ◌◌ <<<
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Djerv and Bölzer to Inferno Metal Festival 2020
    DJERV AND BÖLZER TO INFERNO METAL FESTIVAL 2020 We are proud to announce that the Norwegian metal band DJERV and Switzerland's black/death metal duo BÖLZER will perform at Inferno Metal Festival 2020! INFERNO METAL FESTIVAL 2020: MAYHEM – KAMPFAR – VED BUENS ENDE – CADAVER – MYRKSKOG – BÖLZER – DJERV – SYLVAINE – VALKYRJA DJERV Djerv was formed in 2010 with members from such bands as Animal Alpha, Stonegard and Trelldom. In 2011 they released their self titled debut album to critical acclaim. Their fresh mixture of catchy hard rock and more aggressive metal hit a nerve with their listeners. After only two days in sale the album crashed into the official Norwegian sales charts at an impressive # 8. After some years with heavy touring the band went into hibernation. Now they are back – stronger than ever! After five years the band has returned and will unleash their madness at Inferno Metal Festival 2020! https://www.facebook.com/djervmusic/ BÖLZER Attention came quickly to Switzerland's Bölzer after their 2012 demo “Roman Acupuncture” and subsequent EP “Aura” in 2013 due to their ability to create fascinating black metal melodies and dissonant structures with only two members in the band. Their debut album “Hero” was released in 2016 and was incredibly well received and as such the duo have been invited to play all over the world. Now it is time to finally play at Inferno Metal Festival! https://www.facebook.com/erosatarms/ INFERNO METAL FESTIVAL 2020 Inferno Metal Festival 2020 marks the 20 years anniversary of the festival. This makes the festival the longest running metal festival in Norway and one of the most important extreme metal festivals in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • +1. Introduction 2. Cyrillic Letter Rumanian Yn
    MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM +1. INTRODUCTION These are comments to "Additional Cyrillic Characters In Unicode: A Preliminary Proposal". I'm examining each section of that document, as well as adding some extra notes (marked "+" in titles). Below I use standard Russian Cyrillic characters; please be sure that you have appropriate fonts installed. If everything is OK, the following two lines must look similarly (encoding CP-1251): (sample Cyrillic letters) АабВЕеЗКкМНОопРрСсТуХхЧЬ (Latin letters and digits) Aa6BEe3KkMHOonPpCcTyXx4b 2. CYRILLIC LETTER RUMANIAN YN In the late Cyrillic semi-uncial Rumanian/Moldavian editions, the shape of YN was very similar to inverted PSI, see the following sample from the Ноул Тестамент (New Testament) of 1818, Neamt/Нямец, folio 542 v.: file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 1 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM Here you can see YN and PSI in both upper- and lowercase forms. Note that the upper part of YN is not a sharp arrowhead, but something horizontally cut even with kind of serif (in the uppercase form). Thus, the shape of the letter in modern-style fonts (like Times or Arial) may look somewhat similar to Cyrillic "Л"/"л" with the central vertical stem looking like in lowercase "ф" drawn from the middle of upper horizontal line downwards, with regular serif at the bottom (horizontal, not slanted): Compare also with the proposed shape of PSI (Section 36). 3. CYRILLIC LETTER IOTIFIED A file:///Users/everson/Documents/Eudora%20Folder/Attachments%20Folder/Addons/MAIN.HTM Page 2 of 28 MAIN.HTM 10/13/2006 06:42 PM I support the idea that "IA" must be separated from "Я".
    [Show full text]
  • From Heraldry to History: the Death of Giles D'argentan Andrew Taylor
    From Heraldry to History: The Death of Giles D’Argentan Andrew Taylor John Barbour’s sources for the Bruce have always attracted much discussion. This essay considers the contribution of heraldic narrative, whether written or oral, focus- ing on the example of Giles D’Argentan. It concludes that such narratives may indeed be more significant for the Bruce and other chivalric romances than previously thought. Keywords: Giles D’Argentan; Bannockburn; John Barbour; Walter Bower; Bruce; Edward Bruce; chivalry; Edward II; Jean Froissart; Thomas Gray; Gib Harper; heralds; heraldic narrative; Otterburn; Robert le Roy; Scalachronica; Scotichronicon. At a certain point, neither family pride, nor loyalty to one’s comrades or king, nor years of indoctrination in chivalric values can withstand the basic human instinct to escape danger, and once the first man flees the others soon follow. So it was at Bannockburn. After several hours, the battle turned against the English. According to John Barbour’s account in his Bruce, when King Edward saw that the enemy’s army had grown so brave that his own men lacked the strength to withstand and had begun to flee, he himself was so greatly discouraged (“abaysyt sa gretumly”) that he and five hundred of his men took to flight in a great rush (“in-till a frusch”) (McDiarmid and Stevenson 1981: 3: 61; further references to Barbour’s Bruce will be to this edition, and will take the form of book and line numbers). Barbour adds, in fairness, that he has heard some men say that the king was led away against his will, before turning to one man who refused to withdraw: And quhen Schyr Gylis ye Argente Saw ye king yus and his mene Schap yaim to fley sa spedyly, He come rycht to ye king in hy And said “Schyr, sen it is sua Yat e yusgat our gat will ga Hawys gud day for agayne will I, eyt fled I neuer sekyrly And I cheys her to bid and dey Yan for to lyve schamly and fley”.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
    Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian.
    [Show full text]
  • Protokoll Fra Årsmøtet 2020
    Referat årsmøte i Sportsklubben Djerv Årsmøte ble avholdt på Cornerteateret onsdag 27. mai. Årsmøte er i år holdt på overtid på grunn av coronasituasjonen, men med nødvendig godkjennelse fra Norges Idrettsforbund. Årsmøte ble åpnet av leder Thomas Ulvøy og ble innledet med et minutts stillhet for de de tre Djervmedlemmene som hadde gått bort siden forrige årsmøte: - Annar Presterud, som døde 10. mai 2019 - Jan Steinar Simonsen som døde 30. september 2019 - Svein Åge Sandal som døde 26. desember 2019. Det lyses fred over deres minne. Deretter innledet Thomas Ulvøy den formelle saksbehandlingen. 1. Konstituering a. Godkjenning av innkallelse Vedtak: Innkallelsen godkjent Det protokollføres at stemmeberettigede må ha betalt kontingent. Ved start av årsmøtet var det 19 stemmeberettigede til stede. Underveis i årsmøtet forlot to salen. b. Valg av møteleder Vedtak: Sigmunds Hopsdal er valgt til møteleder. c. Valg av referent Vedtak: Gunnar Wiederstrøm er valgt til referent d. Valg av tellekorps Vedtak: Robert Ulvøy og Andreas Johansen valgt. e. Valg av de som skal signere protokollen. Vedtak: Børre Sundsøy og Anders Kvarven er valgt. f. Godkjenning av dagsorden Vedtak: Dagsorden godkjent. 2. Årsberetning Årsberetningen har fulgt sakspapirene til årsmøtet. Årsmeldingen er omfattende og detaljert og omfatter alle aktiviteter SK Djerv har drevet de siste årene innenfor fotball, badminton, wushu, innebandy, Djerv-hytten, historiegruppen og friluftsgruppen. Her redegjøres ikke for innholdet i årsberetningen, men for de spørsmål som kom opp: • Tore Andersen ville vite hva som skjer for å bedre trenersituasjonen. o Svar: Det har ikke vært jobbet så godt med utdanning av trenere som det burde, og det var et mål å få til trenerutvikling etter nyttår i år, men coronasituasjonen har stoppet dette.
    [Show full text]
  • 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721
    Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Faltstrom, Ed. Request for Comments: 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721 The Unicode Code Points and Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) Abstract This document specifies rules for deciding whether a code point, considered in isolation or in context, is a candidate for inclusion in an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). It is part of the specification of Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications 2008 (IDNA2008). Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5892. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Prologue ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 The Present Study and its Historical Context .............................................................................. 7 1.2 Previous Studies and a Note on the Methodological Approach .................................................. 9 2. Hegemony and Patronage: Strategies of Survival and Expansion ................................................... 10 3. The Gung thang dkar chag: Its Sources and the Structure of the Present Book ............................. 13 4. sKyid-shod – A Key District of Northern Central Tibet. A Brief Historico-Geographical Delimitation ............................................................................. 17 4.1 Tshal-pa District in Narrow and Wider Perspectives ................................................................ 25 5. Historical Background ..................................................................................................................... 26 5.1 The Religious Communities in Northern Central Tibet in the 11th and 12th Centuries .............. 26 5.2 Rulers of the lHa-sa Valley in the Pre-Tshal-pa Period ............................................................ 27 6. Gung-thang Bla-ma Zhang: Yogi, Warlord and Monastic Founder ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kyrillische Schrift Für Den Computer
    Hanna-Chris Gast Kyrillische Schrift für den Computer Benennung der Buchstaben, Vergleich der Transkriptionen in Bibliotheken und Standesämtern, Auflistung der Unicodes sowie Tastaturbelegung für Windows XP Inhalt Seite Vorwort ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1 Kyrillische Schriftzeichen mit Benennung................................................................................... 3 1.1 Die Buchstaben im Russischen mit Schreibschrift und Aussprache.................................. 3 1.2 Kyrillische Schriftzeichen anderer slawischer Sprachen.................................................... 9 1.3 Veraltete kyrillische Schriftzeichen .................................................................................... 10 1.4 Die gebräuchlichen Sonderzeichen ..................................................................................... 11 2 Transliterationen und Transkriptionen (Umschriften) .......................................................... 13 2.1 Begriffe zum Thema Transkription/Transliteration/Umschrift ...................................... 13 2.2 Normen und Vorschriften für Bibliotheken und Standesämter....................................... 15 2.3 Tabellarische Übersicht der Umschriften aus dem Russischen ....................................... 21 2.4 Transliterationen veralteter kyrillischer Buchstaben ....................................................... 25 2.5 Transliterationen bei anderen slawischen
    [Show full text]
  • Iso/Iec Jtc1/Sc2/Wg2 N3748 L2/10-002
    ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3748 L2/10-002 2010-01-21 Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: Proposal to encode nine Cyrillic characters for Slavonic Source: UC Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative (Universal Scripts Project) Authors: Michael Everson, Victor Baranov, Heinz Miklas, Achim Rabus Status: Individual Contribution Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: 2010-01-21 1. Introduction. This document requests the addition of a nine Cyrillic characters to the UCS, extending the set of combining characters introduced in the Cyrillic Extended A block (U+2DE0..2DFF). These characters occur in medieval Church Slavonic manuscripts from the 10th/11th to the 17th centuries CE which are at present the object of scholarly investigations and publications in printed and electronic form. They are also used in modern ecclesiastical editions of liturgical and religious books. The set comprises nine superscript letters for which examples from representative primary sources are given. Printed samples of all units proposed for addition are to be found in the new Belgrade table, worked out by a group of slavists in 2007-08 (cf. BS). They also occur in certain Cyrillic fonts composed for scholarly publications, like the one designed by Victor A. Baranov at Izhevsk Technical university. 2. Additional combining characters. Principally, the superscription of characters in medieval Cyrillic manuscripts and printed ecclesiastical editions fulfils two major functions—the classification of abbreviations (in addition to other means, inherited from the Greek mother-tradition: per suspensionem— for common words of liturgical rubrics, and per contractionem—for nomina sacra, cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) —
    ISO/IEC JTC1 SC2/WG2 N2845 all Final Proposed Draft Amendment (FPDAM) 1 ISO/IEC 10646:2003/Amd.1:2004 (E) Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) — AMENDMENT 1: Glagolitic, Coptic, Georgian and other characters In the definition of Graphic character (formerly sub- Page 1, Clause 1 Scope clause 4.20, now 4.22), insert “or a format character” In the note, update the Unicode Standard version after “control function”. from 4.0 to 4.1. Page 2, Clause 3 Normative references Page 14, Clause 19 Characters in bidirectional context Update the reference to the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm and the Unicode Normalization Forms as Add ‘Mirrored’ before ‘Character’ in clause title and follows: replace the text of the clause by the following: Unicode Standard Annex, UAX#9, The Unicode Bidi- A class of character has special significance in the rectional Algorithm, Version 4.1.0, [date TBD]. context of bidirectional text. The interpretation and rendering of any of these characters depend on the Unicode Standard Annex, UAX#15, Unicode Nor- state related to the symmetric swapping characters malization Forms, Version 4.1.0, [date TBD]. (see clause F.2.2) and on the direction of the char- acter being rendered that are in effect at the point in the CC-data-element where the coded representa- Page 2, Clause Terms and definitions tion of the character appears. The list of these char- Insert the following text as sub-clause 4.1 and Note; acters is provided in Annex E.1. update all following sub-clause numbers accord- NOTE – That list also represents all characters which have ingly.
    [Show full text]
  • H. B. Robinson, Unit 2, Failure of Comparator Circuit TC-412B
    NRC DISTRIJTIO2 FOR PART 50 DOCKET MATLrIAL (TE,7.'RARY F OR'1 CONTROL NO:_ 2492 FILE: INCIIEL T121 FROM: Carolina Power & Light Co DATE OF DOC DATE D [WX RPT OTH Raleigh, N.C. 27602 E.E. Utley 2-14-75 __ TO: ORIG CC I OTHER SENT ECPDR XX Mr. Norman C. Moseley signed CLASS UN'JCLASS PROP !NFO 1NPUT NO CYS REIPC'D DOCUTT I II _ _ _o 50-261 DESCRIPTION: Ltr trans the following: ENCLOSURES: Abnormal Occurrence AQ-50-261/ 75-4 on 2-6-75 failure of comparator curcuit TC-412B.... (40 cys encl rec'd ' PLANT NAME: H.B. Robinson Unit 2 OAC2FOR ORMATI 3-67.5 BUTLER (S) SCHWENCER (S) ZiEMANN (S) REGAN (E) W/ Copies WI/ Copies W/ Copies Copies CLARK (S) STOLZ (S) DICKER (E) (S) W/ Copies W/ Copies W/ Copies W/Yopies PARR (S) VASSALLO (S) KNIGHTON (E) SPEIS (S) W/ copies W/ Copies W/ Copies WI Copies KNIEL (S) PURPLE (S) YOUNGBLOOD (E) W/ Copies W/ Copies 14 Copies W/ opies INTERNAL DIST; 1UTION F1 TECH REVIEW DENTON LIC. ASST. A/T IND BRAITMAN P1R ChREDER GRIMES DIGGS (S) (S) SALTZMAN OkGC, ROOM P-506-A 0IACCARRY GAMMILL GEARIN VuGOSSICK /STAFF 4NIGHT .ASTNER GOULBOURNE (S) B. HURT WASE 4AWLICKI BALLARD KREUTZER (E) PLANS GIAMBUSSO dBAOL SPANGLER LEE (S) BOYD 0TELID MAIGRET (S) MCDONALD CHAPMAN MOORE (S) (BWR) dkOUSTON ENVIRO REED (E) DEYOUNG (S) (PWR) ( OVAK MULLER SERVICE (S) DUBE w/input E. COUPE SKOVHOLT (S) C&OSS DICKER SHEPPARD (5) OfR. Hartfield (2) GOLLER (S) 01PPOLITO KNIGHTON SLATER (E) (S) OKLECKER P.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Symbols (2286)
    1 Symbols (2286) USV Symbol Macro(s) Description 0009 \textHT <control> 000A \textLF <control> 000D \textCR <control> 0022 ” \textquotedbl QUOTATION MARK 0023 # \texthash NUMBER SIGN \textnumbersign 0024 $ \textdollar DOLLAR SIGN 0025 % \textpercent PERCENT SIGN 0026 & \textampersand AMPERSAND 0027 ’ \textquotesingle APOSTROPHE 0028 ( \textparenleft LEFT PARENTHESIS 0029 ) \textparenright RIGHT PARENTHESIS 002A * \textasteriskcentered ASTERISK 002B + \textMVPlus PLUS SIGN 002C , \textMVComma COMMA 002D - \textMVMinus HYPHEN-MINUS 002E . \textMVPeriod FULL STOP 002F / \textMVDivision SOLIDUS 0030 0 \textMVZero DIGIT ZERO 0031 1 \textMVOne DIGIT ONE 0032 2 \textMVTwo DIGIT TWO 0033 3 \textMVThree DIGIT THREE 0034 4 \textMVFour DIGIT FOUR 0035 5 \textMVFive DIGIT FIVE 0036 6 \textMVSix DIGIT SIX 0037 7 \textMVSeven DIGIT SEVEN 0038 8 \textMVEight DIGIT EIGHT 0039 9 \textMVNine DIGIT NINE 003C < \textless LESS-THAN SIGN 003D = \textequals EQUALS SIGN 003E > \textgreater GREATER-THAN SIGN 0040 @ \textMVAt COMMERCIAL AT 005C \ \textbackslash REVERSE SOLIDUS 005E ^ \textasciicircum CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT 005F _ \textunderscore LOW LINE 0060 ‘ \textasciigrave GRAVE ACCENT 0067 g \textg LATIN SMALL LETTER G 007B { \textbraceleft LEFT CURLY BRACKET 007C | \textbar VERTICAL LINE 007D } \textbraceright RIGHT CURLY BRACKET 007E ~ \textasciitilde TILDE 00A0 \nobreakspace NO-BREAK SPACE 00A1 ¡ \textexclamdown INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK 00A2 ¢ \textcent CENT SIGN 00A3 £ \textsterling POUND SIGN 00A4 ¤ \textcurrency CURRENCY SIGN 00A5 ¥ \textyen YEN SIGN 00A6
    [Show full text]